Grammar parses for passage 10.23.8
Open translation for this passage
ἀναλαβόντες οὖν τὰ ὅπλα καὶ διαστάντες ἔκτεινόν τε ἀλλήλους καὶ ἀνὰ μέρος ἐκτείνοντο, οὔτε γλώσσης τῆς ἐπιχωρίου συνιέντες οὔτε τὰς ἀλλήλων μορφὰς οὔτε τῶν θυρεῶν καθορῶντες τὰ σχήματα·
The participles ἀναλαβόντες, διαστάντες, συνιέντες, and καθορῶντες are coordinated or subordinated to the main imperfect predicates; the negative οὔτε...οὔτε...οὔτε chain scopes over the latter participles.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀναλαβόντες | ἀναλαμβάνω | VERB | VAAPMPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 7 ἔκτεινόν | advcl | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | ADV | _ | 7 ἔκτεινόν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 4 ὅπλα | det | high | |
| 4 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 1 ἀναλαβόντες | obj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 διαστάντες | cc | high | |
| 6 | διαστάντες | διαίστημι | VERB | VAAPMPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 7 ἔκτεινόν | advcl | high | |
| 7 | ἔκτεινόν | ἐκτείνω | VERB | VIAI3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect form is contextually coordinated with ἐκτείνοντο. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἔκτεινόν | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἀλλήλους | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 7 ἔκτεινόν | obj | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐκτείνοντο | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | P | _ | 12 μέρος | case | high | |
| 12 | μέρος | μέρος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 13 ἐκτείνοντο | obl | high | |
| 13 | ἐκτείνοντο | ἐκτείνω | VERB | VIIM3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 7 ἔκτεινόν | conj | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔκτεινόν | punct | high | |
| 15 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 συνιέντες | cc | high | |
| 16 | γλώσσης | γλῶσσα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 19 συνιέντες | obl | high | Genitive with συνίημι, 'understand a language'. |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 18 ἐπιχωρίου | det | high | |
| 18 | ἐπιχωρίου | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 16 γλώσσης | amod | high | |
| 19 | συνιέντες | συνίημι | VERB | VPAPMPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 7 ἔκτεινόν | advcl | high | |
| 20 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 καθορῶντες | cc | high | |
| 21 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 23 μορφὰς | det | high | |
| 22 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P-GPF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 23 μορφὰς | nmod:poss | high | |
| 23 | μορφὰς | μορφή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 27 καθορῶντες | obj | high | |
| 24 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 καθορῶντες | cc | high | |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 26 θυρεῶν | det | high | |
| 26 | θυρεῶν | θυρεός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 29 σχήματα | nmod | high | |
| 27 | καθορῶντες | καθοράω | VERB | VPAPMPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 19 συνιέντες | conj | high | |
| 28 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 29 σχήματα | det | high | |
| 29 | σχήματα | σχῆμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 27 καθορῶντες | obj | high | |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔκτεινόν | punct | high |
ἀλλὰ ἀμφοτέραις ταῖς τάξεσιν ὁμοίως ὑπὸ τῆς ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἀγνοίας οἵ τε ἄνδρες οἱ ἀνθεστηκότες εἶναί σφισιν Ἕλληνες καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ τὰ ὅπλα ἐφαίνοντο καὶ Ἑλλάδα ἀφιέναι τὴν φωνήν, ἥ τε ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ μανία πλεῖστον ἐξειργάσατο ὑπʼ ἀλλήλων τοῖς Γαλάταις τὸν φόνον.
The sentence has two coordinated finite clauses under the paired τε...τε construction; the first contains an infinitival complement expressing what the opposing men and their weapons appeared to be/do.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἀμφοτέραις | ἀμφότερος | ADJ | A-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Dual | 4 τάξεσιν | det | high | Substantivized/attributive with τάξεσιν. |
| 3 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 τάξεσιν | det | high | |
| 4 | τάξεσιν | τάξις | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | obl | high | Dative of reference/affected parties. |
| 5 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | ADV | _ | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 ἀγνοίας | case | high | |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀγνοίας | det | high | |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 τῷ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παρόντι | det | high | |
| 10 | παρόντι | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἀγνοίας | acl | high | Substantivized participle: the present moment. |
| 11 | ἀγνοίας | ἄνοια | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | obl | high | Agent/cause with ὑπό. |
| 12 | οἵ | ὅς | PRON | R-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἄνδρες | det | medium | Relative/pronominal article-like element introducing the first coordinated subject; analyzed as determiner. |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἄνδρες | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀνθεστηκότες | det | high | |
| 16 | ἀνθεστηκότες | ἀνθίστημι | VERB | V-RAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 14 ἄνδρες | acl | high | |
| 17 | εἶναί | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 ἀνθεστηκότες | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on the participle, with σφισιν and Ἕλληνες. |
| 18 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | R-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 17 εἶναί | iobj | high | |
| 19 | Ἕλληνες | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 εἶναί | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative of εἶναι. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 αὐτοὶ | cc | high | |
| 21 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | nsubj | medium | Second coordinated subject/predicate element, referring to the men. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 ὅπλα | cc | high | |
| 23 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ὅπλα | det | high | |
| 24 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | nsubj | high | Coordinated nominative subject with αὐτοί. |
| 25 | ἐφαίνοντο | φαίνω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first coordinated clause. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἀφιέναι | cc | high | |
| 27 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 φωνήν | obj | high | |
| 28 | ἀφιέναι | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | xcomp | high | Infinitive coordinated with the preceding εἶναι construction; φωνήν is its object. |
| 29 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 φωνήν | det | high | |
| 30 | φωνήν | φωνή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἀφιέναι | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀφιέναι. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | punct | high | |
| 32 | ἥ | ὅς | PRON | R-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 39 ἐξειργάσατο | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to μανία. |
| 33 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 37 μανία | cc | high | Pairs with τε at token 13 across the coordinated clauses. |
| 34 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 36 θεοῦ | case | high | |
| 35 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 36 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 μανία | obl | high | |
| 37 | μανία | μανία | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ἐξειργάσατο | nsubj | high | |
| 38 | πλεῖστον | πολύς | ADV | A-ASN | Degree=Sup | 39 ἐξειργάσατο | advmod | medium | Adverbial neuter accusative superlative: very greatly/most. |
| 39 | ἐξειργάσατο | ἐξεργάζομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite clause. |
| 40 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 41 ἀλλήλων | case | high | |
| 41 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | C-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 39 ἐξειργάσατο | obl | high | Reciprocal genitive with ὑπό. |
| 42 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 43 Γαλάταις | det | high | |
| 43 | Γαλάταις | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 ἐξειργάσατο | iobj | high | Dative of interest/affected persons. |
| 44 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 45 φόνον | det | high | |
| 45 | φόνον | φόνος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 ἐξειργάσατο | obj | high | Object of ἐξειργάσατο. |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | punct | high |