Grammar parses for passage 10.23.8
Open translation for this passage
ἀναλαβόντες οὖν τὰ ὅπλα καὶ διαστάντες ἔκτεινόν τε ἀλλήλους καὶ ἀνὰ μέρος ἐκτείνοντο, οὔτε γλώσσης τῆς ἐπιχωρίου συνιέντες οὔτε τὰς ἀλλήλων μορφὰς οὔτε τῶν θυρεῶν καθορῶντες τὰ σχήματα·
A sequence of coordinated participles and finite verbs depends on ἔκτεινόν; the negative clauses are elliptical, with participles taking the implied subject and sharing the main verbal context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀναλαβόντες | ἀναλαμβάνω | VERB | PAPM-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἔκτεινόν | advcl | high | Participial clause, circumstantial/temporal. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἔκτεινόν | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 ὅπλα | det | high | |
| 4 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἀναλαβόντες | obj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 διαστάντες | cc | high | Connects participles. |
| 6 | διαστάντες | διίστημι | VERB | PAPM-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἔκτεινόν | advcl | high | Coordinate participle. |
| 7 | ἔκτεινόν | ἐκτείνω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; orthography suggests epicoic/poetic form for 3pl imperfect. |
| 8 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἔκτεινόν | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 9 | ἀλλήλους | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 7 ἔκτεινόν | obj | high | Reciprocal object. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἐκτείνοντο | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite verb. |
| 11 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | R | _ | 12 μέρος | case | high | |
| 12 | μέρος | μέρος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐκτείνοντο | obl | high | Adverbial accusative, 'in turn/one by one'. |
| 13 | ἐκτείνοντο | ἐκτείνω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 7 ἔκτεινόν | conj | high | Coordinate finite verb. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔκτεινόν | punct | high | |
| 15 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 συνιέντες | cc | high | Correlative conjunction. |
| 16 | γλώσσης | γλῶσσα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 συνιέντες | obl | medium | Likely genitive governed by συνιέντες ('understanding the local language'). |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 ἐπιχωρίου | det | high | |
| 18 | ἐπιχωρίου | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 γλώσσης | amod | high | |
| 19 | συνιέντες | συνίημι | VERB | PAPM-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἔκτεινόν | advcl | high | Negative participial clause. |
| 20 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 καθορῶντες | cc | high | Correlative conjunction. |
| 21 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 μορφὰς | det | high | |
| 22 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | A-P-- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 23 μορφὰς | nmod | high | Reciprocal genitive. |
| 23 | μορφὰς | μορφή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 συνιέντες | obj | high | |
| 24 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 καθορῶντες | cc | high | Correlative conjunction. |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 θυρεῶν | det | high | |
| 26 | θυρεῶν | θυρεός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 καθορῶντες | obl | high | Genitive dependent on καθορῶντες. |
| 27 | καθορῶντες | καθοράω | VERB | PAPM-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἔκτεινόν | advcl | high | Final participial clause with repeated οὔτε...οὔτε. |
| 28 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 29 σχήματα | det | high | |
| 29 | σχήματα | σχῆμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 καθορῶντες | obj | high | |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔκτεινόν | punct | high |
ἀλλὰ ἀμφοτέραις ταῖς τάξεσιν ὁμοίως ὑπὸ τῆς ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἀγνοίας οἵ τε ἄνδρες οἱ ἀνθεστηκότες εἶναί σφισιν Ἕλληνες καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ τὰ ὅπλα ἐφαίνοντο καὶ Ἑλλάδα ἀφιέναι τὴν φωνήν, ἥ τε ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ μανία πλεῖστον ἐξειργάσατο ὑπʼ ἀλλήλων τοῖς Γαλάταις τὸν φόνον.
The syntax is coordinated and somewhat loose: ἐφαίνοντο governs two infinitival complements, and the final clause with ἥ ... ἐξειργάσατο is a new main clause with a relative pronoun as subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | cc | high | Adversative coordinator introducing the main clause. |
| 2 | ἀμφοτέραις | ἀμφότερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 τάξεσιν | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying τάξεσιν. |
| 3 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 τάξεσιν | det | high | Article with τάξεσιν. |
| 4 | τάξεσιν | τάξις | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | obl | high | Dative plural governed by ὁμοίως / with prepositional sense expressed by context. |
| 5 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | _ | _ | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐφαίνοντο. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 11 ἀγνοίας | case | high | Marks source/cause phrase with genitive. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ἀγνοίας | det | high | Article with ἀγνοίας. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 11 ἀγνοίας | case | high | Preposition introducing participial modifier. |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 παρόντι | det | high | Article with παρόντι. |
| 10 | παρόντι | παρών | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἀγνοίας | amod | medium | Participial adjective used attributively with ἀγνοίας; neuter as form is possible with abstract noun. |
| 11 | ἀγνοίας | ἄγνοια | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | obl | high | Genitive after ὑπό expressing cause/agency. |
| 12 | οἵ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ἄνδρες | det | high | Article with ἄνδρες. |
| 13 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 12 οἵ | discourse | high | Enclitic connective with οἵ. |
| 14 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐφαίνοντο. |
| 15 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 ἀνθεστηκότες | det | high | Article with ἀνθεστηκότες. |
| 16 | ἀνθεστηκότες | ἀνθίστημι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἄνδρες | acl | high | Participial modifier of ἄνδρες. |
| 17 | εἶναί | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement dependent on ἐφαίνοντο. |
| 18 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 εἶναί | iobj | high | Dative with εἶναι. |
| 19 | Ἕλληνες | Ἕλλην | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 εἶναί | xcomp | high | Predicative complement in infinitival clause. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 αὐτοὶ | cc | high | Coordinator in correlative series. |
| 21 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | nsubj | medium | Likely coordinated subject/predicative emphasis with ἄνδρες. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 τὰ | cc | high | Coordinator linking coordinated object. |
| 23 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 ὅπλα | det | high | Article with ὅπλα. |
| 24 | ὅπλα | ὅπλον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | obj | high | Object/predicative accusative with ἐφαίνοντο. |
| 25 | ἐφαίνοντο | φαίνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 Ἑλλάδα | cc | high | Coordinator before second coordinated infinitival phrase. |
| 27 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἀφιέναι | obj | high | Object of ἀφιέναι. |
| 28 | ἀφιέναι | ἀφίημι | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | xcomp | high | Second infinitival complement dependent on ἐφαίνοντο. |
| 29 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 φωνήν | det | high | Article with φωνήν. |
| 30 | φωνήν | φωνή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἀφιέναι | obj | high | Object of ἀφιέναι. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἐφαίνοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 32 | ἥ | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 39 ἐξειργάσατο | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun introducing next clause. |
| 33 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 32 ἥ | discourse | high | Enclitic connective with relative pronoun. |
| 34 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 36 θεοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing θεοῦ. |
| 35 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 36 θεοῦ | det | high | Article with θεοῦ. |
| 36 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 μανία | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of μανία. |
| 37 | μανία | μανία | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ἐξειργάσατο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐξειργάσατο. |
| 38 | πλεῖστον | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 39 ἐξειργάσατο | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative meaning ‘most/very much’ modifying ἐξειργάσατο. |
| 39 | ἐξειργάσατο | ἐξεργάζομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb; the sentence contains a coordinated/continuative structure. |
| 40 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 45 φόνον | case | high | Preposition introducing reciprocal agent/source phrase. |
| 41 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 45 φόνον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent with ὑπό. |
| 42 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 43 Γαλάταις | det | high | Article with Γαλάταις. |
| 43 | Γαλάταις | Γαλάτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 45 φόνον | obl | high | Dative of reference/interest with τὸν φόνον. |
| 44 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 45 φόνον | det | high | Article with φόνον. |
| 45 | φόνον | φόνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 ἐξειργάσατο | obj | high | Direct object of ἐξειργάσατο. |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 ἐξειργάσατο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |