Grammar parses for passage 10.23.9
Open translation for this passage
τῶν δὲ Φωκέων ὅσοι κατελίποντο κατὰ τοὺς ἀγροὺς φυλακῆς βοσκημάτων ἕνεκα, πρῶτοί τε ᾔσθοντο καὶ ἀπαγγέλλουσι τοῖς Ἕλλησι τὰ ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ κατασχόντα τοὺς βαρβάρους.
The relative clause ὅσοι κατελίποντο is the subject of the coordinated predicates ᾔσθοντο and ἀπαγγέλλουσι; κατασχόντα is an attributive participle agreeing with τὰ, with τοὺς βαρβάρους as its object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Φωκέων | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἀπαγγέλλουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | PROPN | Nb-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ὅσοι | nmod | high | |
| 4 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | Px-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ᾔσθοντο | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, antecedent τῶν Φωκέων. |
| 5 | κατελίποντο | καταλείπω | VERB | V3I-PIM | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 4 ὅσοι | acl:relcl | high | |
| 6 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 ἀγροὺς | case | high | |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀγροὺς | det | high | |
| 8 | ἀγροὺς | ἀγρός | NOUN | Nb-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 κατελίποντο | obl | high | κατὰ τοὺς ἀγρούς: locative/distributive circumstance. |
| 9 | φυλακῆς | φυλακή | NOUN | Nb-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 βοσκημάτων | nmod | medium | Genitive of purpose/dependent on βοσκημάτων ἕνεκα phrase. |
| 10 | βοσκημάτων | βόσκημα | NOUN | Nb-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἕνεκα | nmod | high | Genitive with ἕνεκα. |
| 11 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 κατελίποντο | case | high | Postposition governing βοσκημάτων; φυλακῆς is an additional dependent genitive. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ᾔσθοντο | punct | high | |
| 13 | πρῶτοί | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--NPM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ᾔσθοντο | advmod | high | Predicative/temporal adverbial adjective: first. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ᾔσθοντο | cc | high | |
| 15 | ᾔσθοντο | αἰσθάνομαι | VERB | V3I-PIM | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated predicate; subject ὅσοι. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἀπαγγέλλουσι | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἀπαγγέλλουσι | ἀπαγγέλλω | VERB | V3I-PAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 ᾔσθοντο | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate; present tense has historical vividness. |
| 18 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 Ἕλλησι | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἕλλησι | Ἕλλην | PROPN | Nb-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀπαγγέλλουσι | iobj | high | |
| 20 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 κατασχόντα | det | high | |
| 21 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 νυκτὶ | case | high | |
| 22 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 νυκτὶ | det | high | |
| 23 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | Nb-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 κατασχόντα | obl | high | |
| 24 | κατασχόντα | κατέχω | VERB | V--AAPAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 τὰ | acl | medium | Attributive aorist participle agreeing with τὰ; semantically ‘the things that detained/held back’. |
| 25 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 βαρβάρους | det | high | |
| 26 | βαρβάρους | βάρβαρος | NOUN | Nb-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 κατασχόντα | obj | high | |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ᾔσθοντο | punct | high |
ἀναθαρσήσαντες δὲ οἱ Φωκεῖς προθυμότερον ἔτι ἐνέκειντο τοῖς Κελτοῖς·
The aorist participle ἀναθαρσήσαντες is a nominative masculine plural circumstantial participle agreeing with οἱ Φωκεῖς; ἐνέκειντο governs the dative τοῖς Κελτοῖς and means ‘pressed/attacked them’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀναθαρσήσαντες | ἀναθαρσέω | VERB | VAAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἐνέκειντο | advcl | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 7 ἐνέκειντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Φωκεῖς | det | high | |
| 4 | Φωκεῖς | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐνέκειντο | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | προθυμότερον | πρόθυμος | ADV | A-NS-C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐνέκειντο | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative neuter singular comparative. |
| 6 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἐνέκειντο | advmod | high | |
| 7 | ἐνέκειντο | ἐγκέομαι | VERB | V- Impf-3MP | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle/deponent, ‘pressed/attacked’. |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Κελτοῖς | det | high | |
| 9 | Κελτοῖς | Κελτός | PROPN | N----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐνέκειντο | obl | high | |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐνέκειντο | punct | high |
διὰ φυλακῆς τε πλείονος τὰς ἐπαύλεις ἐποιοῦντο καὶ τὰ ἐς βίου χρείαν οὐ περιεώρων σφᾶς ἐκ τῆς χώρας ἀμαχεὶ λαμβάνοντας, ἐγεγόνει τε αὐτίκα τοῖς Γαλάταις διὰ παντὸς τοῦ στρατοῦ καὶ σίτου καὶ ὅσα ἐς τροφὴν ἄλλα ἔνδεια ἰσχυρά.
The sentence has an initial coordinated imperfect construction under περιεώρων, followed by an existential ἐγεγόνει clause; the final genitives after διὰ are coordinated complements, while ὅσα ... ἄλλα specifies additional necessities.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 2 φυλακῆς | case | high | |
| 2 | φυλακῆς | φυλακή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐποιοῦντο | obl | high | With διά, means 'with/through greater vigilance'. |
| 3 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐποιοῦντο | cc | high | |
| 4 | πλείονος | πολύς | ADJ | A-GSF-COMP | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 φυλακῆς | amod | high | |
| 5 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπαύλεις | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐπαύλεις | ἔπαυλις | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἐποιοῦντο | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἐποιοῦντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 14 περιεώρων | advcl | high | Imperfect middle: they were making/maintaining outposts. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 περιεώρων | cc | high | |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 χρείαν | det | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 12 χρείαν | case | high | |
| 11 | βίου | βίος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 χρείαν | nmod | high | |
| 12 | χρείαν | χρεία | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 περιεώρων | obj | medium | Accusative phrase τὰ ἐς βίου χρείαν denotes necessities for livelihood. |
| 13 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PRT-N | Polarity=Neg | 14 περιεώρων | advmod | high | |
| 14 | περιεώρων | περιοράω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 22 ἐγεγόνει | parataxis | high | Main finite verb of the first coordinated clause. |
| 15 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 λαμβάνοντας | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the participle λαμβάνοντας, within the object-related construction. |
| 16 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 18 χώρας | case | high | |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 χώρας | det | high | |
| 18 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 λαμβάνοντας | obl | high | |
| 19 | ἀμαχεὶ | ἀμαχεί | ADV | ADV | _ | 20 λαμβάνοντας | advmod | high | Adverb: without fighting/resistance. |
| 20 | λαμβάνοντας | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 περιεώρων | xcomp | medium | Accusative participle with σφᾶς; syntactically dependent on περιεώρων. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐγεγόνει | punct | high | |
| 22 | ἐγεγόνει | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/existential pluperfect: there had arisen. |
| 23 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἐγεγόνει | cc | high | |
| 24 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | ADV | _ | 22 ἐγεγόνει | advmod | high | |
| 25 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 Γαλάταις | det | high | |
| 26 | Γαλάταις | Γαλάτης | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 ἔνδεια | iobj | high | |
| 27 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 28 παντὸς | case | high | |
| 28 | παντὸς | πᾶς | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 στρατοῦ | amod | high | |
| 29 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 στρατοῦ | det | high | |
| 30 | στρατοῦ | στρατός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 ἔνδεια | obl | high | Part of the coordinated genitive complement after διὰ. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 σίτου | cc | high | |
| 32 | σίτου | σῖτος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 ἔνδεια | obl | high | Coordinated genitive complement of διά, with ellipsis of the preposition. |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 ὅσα | cc | high | |
| 34 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 37 ἄλλα | det | medium | Relative/quantifying determiner with ἄλλα: whatever other things. |
| 35 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 36 τροφὴν | case | high | |
| 36 | τροφὴν | τροφή | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 ἄλλα | obl | high | Purpose-related phrase: for sustenance. |
| 37 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 38 ἔνδεια | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject of ἔνδεια. |
| 38 | ἔνδεια | ἔνδεια | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἐγεγόνει | nsubj | medium | Predicate noun in the existential clause; plural form means shortages/deficiencies. |
| 39 | ἰσχυρά | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 38 ἔνδεια | amod | high | |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐγεγόνει | punct | high |