Grammar parses for passage 10.26.4
Open translation for this passage
παρὰ τῷ Νέστορι Νεοπτόλεμος ἀπεκτονώς ἐστιν Ἔλασον, ὅστις δὴ ὁ Ἔλασος.
The first clause has παρὰ with the dative location/name Νέστορι and a periphrastic perfect: ἀπεκτονώς ἐστιν. Ἔλασον is the accusative object of the killing; the following relative identifies Elasus, with δὴ as an emphatic particle. The exact identity of the participial subject is syntactically supplied by Νεοπτόλεμος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 3 Νέστορι | case | high | |
| 2 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Νέστορι | det | high | |
| 3 | Νέστορι | Νέστωρ | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | obl | high | Locative/associative phrase with παρὰ. |
| 4 | Νεοπτόλεμος | Νεοπτόλεμος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of the periphrastic verbal predicate. |
| 5 | ἀπεκτονώς | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-RPMSN | Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Perfect active participle in a periphrastic construction; glossed syntactically as ‘having killed’. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-P וכו? | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite auxiliary of the periphrastic perfect. |
| 7 | Ἔλασον | Ἔλασος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀπεκτονώς | obj | high | Proper-name object of ἀπεκτονώς. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 12 Ἔλασος | nsubj | medium | Relative pronoun introducing an identificational fragment; agreement is masculine singular. |
| 10 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 12 Ἔλασος | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Ἔλασος | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἔλασος | Ἔλασος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὅστις | appos | medium | Predicate/appositional name in the verbless relative identification. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high |
οὗτος μὲν δὴ ὀλίγον ἐμπνέοντι ἔτι εἴκασται·
The perfect middle/passive εἴκασται governs a dative participle ἐμπνέοντι, with οὗτος as subject; ὀλίγον is adverbial duration/degree. The exact force of εἴκασται is context-dependent (likely ‘resembles/seems like’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | DSNMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 εἴκασται | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | ి | _ | 7 εἴκασται | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart may occur in surrounding context. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | T | _ | 7 εἴκασται | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADV | D | Degree=Pos | 5 ἐμπνέοντι | advmod | medium | Neuter accusative form used adverbially, probably indicating slight extent or duration. |
| 5 | ἐμπνέοντι | ἐμπνέω | VERB | PAPMSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 εἴκασται | obl | medium | Dative present participle, likely dependent on εἴκασται; understood subject is the one still breathing. |
| 6 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 5 ἐμπνέοντι | advmod | high | |
| 7 | εἴκασται | ἔοικα | VERB | X--MPM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect middle form of ἔοικα; semantic interpretation (‘resembles’/‘seems’) depends on context. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἴκασται | punct | high |
Νεοπτόλεμον δὲ μόνον τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ φονεύοντα ἔτι τοὺς Τρῶας ἐποίησεν ὁ Πολύγνωτος, ὅτι ὑπὲρ τοῦ Νεοπτολέμου τὸν τάφον ἡ γραφὴ πᾶσα ἔμελλεν αὐτῷ γενήσεσθαι.
The causal ὅτι-clause is headed by ἔμελλεν with γενήσεσθαι as its complementary infinitive; τὸν τάφον is analyzed as the infinitive’s object-like accusative, with ὑπέρ + genitive specifying the topic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Νεοπτόλεμον | Νεοπτόλεμος | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἐποίησεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | μόνον | μόνος | ADJ | A--AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Νεοπτόλεμον | amod | high | Predicative/limiting adjective with Νεοπτόλεμον. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἑλληνικοῦ | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἑλληνικοῦ | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 φονεύοντα | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, dependent on φονεύοντα: ‘of the Greek [army/people]’. |
| 6 | φονεύοντα | φονεύω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Νεοπτόλεμον | acl | high | Participial modifier of Νεοπτόλεμον. |
| 7 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 φονεύοντα | advmod | high | |
| 8 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Τρῶας | det | high | |
| 9 | Τρῶας | Τρώς | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 φονεύοντα | obj | high | |
| 10 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Πολύγνωτος | det | high | |
| 12 | Πολύγνωτος | Πολύγνωτος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 ἔμελλεν | mark | high | Introduces causal/content clause. |
| 15 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | P | _ | 17 Νεοπτολέμου | case | high | |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Νεοπτολέμου | det | high | |
| 17 | Νεοπτολέμου | Νεοπτόλεμος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 τάφον | nmod | high | |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 τάφον | det | high | |
| 19 | τάφον | τάφος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 γενήσεσθαι | obj | high | Object of γενήσεσθαι in the idiom ‘the painting would be about/concerning the tomb’. |
| 20 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 γραφὴ | det | high | |
| 21 | γραφὴ | γραφή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 γενήσεσθαι | nsubj | high | Subject of the infinitive γενήσεσθαι. |
| 22 | πᾶσα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 γραφὴ | amod | high | |
| 23 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἐποίησεν | ccomp | high | Finite verb governing the complementary infinitive. |
| 24 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 25 γενήσεσθαι | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/agentive interest, likely ‘for him’. |
| 25 | γενήσεσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-FMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 23 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἔμελλεν; future middle form. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐποίησεν | punct | high |
τοῦ δὲ Ἀχιλλέως τῷ παιδὶ Ὅμηρος μὲν Νεοπτόλεμον ὄνομα ἐν ἁπάσῃ οἱ τίθεται τῇ ποιήσει· τὰ δὲ Κύπρια ἔπη φησὶν ὑπὸ Λυκομήδους μὲν Πύρρον, Νεοπτόλεμον δὲ ὄνομα ὑπὸ Φοίνικος αὐτῷ τεθῆναι, ὅτι Ἀχιλλεὺς ἡλικίᾳ ἔτι νέος πολεμεῖν ἤρξατο.
First clause: τῷ παιδί is the dative possessor/addressee with τίθεται; Ὅμηρος is the authorial subject, with Νεοπτόλεμον ὄνομα as the naming predicate/object. Second clause has an accusative-and-infinitive report after φησίν; τεθῆναι is passive, with Πύρρον and Νεοπτόλεμον as names and αὐτῷ as recipient. The final ὅτι-clause explains the name by Achilles’ early age when he began warfare.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀχιλλέως | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 τίθεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀχιλλέως | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παιδὶ | nmod | high | |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παιδὶ | det | high | |
| 5 | παιδὶ | παῖς | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 τίθεται | iobj | medium | Dative of the person for whom/to whom the name is assigned. |
| 6 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 τίθεται | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 13 τίθεται | discourse | high | |
| 8 | Νεοπτόλεμον | Νεοπτόλεμος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 τίθεται | obj | medium | Accusative name associated with τίθεται; semantically a naming predicate. |
| 9 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 Νεοπτόλεμον | appos | high | |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 τίθεται | case | high | |
| 11 | ἁπάσῃ | ἅπας | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ποιήσει | amod | high | |
| 12 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 τίθεται | iobj | medium | Dative pronoun, likely referring to Achilles’ child; syntactically redundant or resumptive with τῷ παιδί. |
| 13 | τίθεται | τίθημι | VERB | V3SPIE | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle voice, ‘sets/assigns as a name’. |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ποιήσει | det | high | |
| 15 | ποιήσει | ποίησις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 τίθεται | obl | high | |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 τίθεται | punct | high | |
| 17 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἔπη | det | high | |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 φησὶν | cc | high | |
| 19 | Κύπρια | Κύπρια | PROPN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἔπη | compound | high | Title of the epic, with ἔπη. |
| 20 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 φησὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | φησὶν | φημί | VERB | V3SPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 τίθεται | conj | high | |
| 22 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 Λυκομήδους | case | high | |
| 23 | Λυκομήδους | Λυκομήδης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 τεθῆναι | obl:agent | high | Agent of passive τεθῆναι. |
| 24 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 33 τεθῆναι | discourse | high | |
| 25 | Πύρρον | Πύρρος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 τεθῆναι | xcomp | medium | First naming predicate in the accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 τεθῆναι | punct | high | |
| 27 | Νεοπτόλεμον | Νεοπτόλεμος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 τεθῆναι | xcomp | medium | Second naming predicate in the accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 28 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 33 τεθῆναι | cc | high | |
| 29 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 Νεοπτόλεμον | appos | high | |
| 30 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 31 Φοίνικος | case | high | |
| 31 | Φοίνικος | Φοῖνιξ | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 τεθῆναι | obl:agent | high | Agent of passive τεθῆναι. |
| 32 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 τεθῆναι | iobj | high | Recipient/beneficiary of the naming. |
| 33 | τεθῆναι | τίθημι | VERB | VNAM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 21 φησὶν | ccomp | high | Infinitive in reported speech; understood subject is the child, omitted. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 τεθῆναι | punct | high | |
| 35 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 41 ἤρξατο | mark | high | |
| 36 | Ἀχιλλεὺς | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 ἤρξατο | nsubj | high | |
| 37 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 41 ἤρξατο | obl | high | Dative of age. |
| 38 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 39 νέος | advmod | high | |
| 39 | νέος | νέος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 ἤρξατο | advcl | medium | Predicative adjective, ‘while still young’; linked to the subject. |
| 40 | πολεμεῖν | πολεμέω | VERB | VNPA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 41 ἤρξατο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἤρξατο. |
| 41 | ἤρξατο | ἄρχω | VERB | V3SAMM | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 33 τεθῆναι | advcl | high | The ὅτι-clause gives the reason/explanation for the naming. |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 τίθεται | punct | high |