Grammar parses for passage 10.26.3
Open translation for this passage
λόφος δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ κράνει πεποίηται.
Passive perfect πεποίηται takes λόφος as its nominative subject; ἐπὶ τῷ κράνει is a locative phrase, ‘on the helmet.’
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λόφος | λόφος | NOUN | N--SMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 πεποίηται | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 6 πεποίηται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | -------- | _ | 5 κράνει | case | high | |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 κράνει | det | high | |
| 5 | κράνει | κράνος | NOUN | N--DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 πεποίηται | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐπί. |
| 6 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RIM-S-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect middle/passive form; context favors passive ‘has been made’. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 πεποίηται | punct | high |
καὶ Ὀδυσσεύς τέ ἐστι καὶ ἐνδέδυκε θώρακα Ὀδυσσεύς.
The sentence coordinates two predicates: Ὀδυσσεύς ἐστι and Ὀδυσσεύς ἐνδέδυκε θώρακα; τέ is an enclitic additive particle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἐστι | cc | high | |
| 2 | Ὀδυσσεύς | Ὀδυσσεύς | PROPN | N--NM-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | τέ | τε | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἐστι | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb; coordinated with the following clause. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἐνδέδυκε | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἐνδέδυκε | ἐνδύω | VERB | V-RAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 4 ἐστι | conj | medium | Perfect form can be parsed as active in form; the subject is the repeated proper name. |
| 7 | θώρακα | θώραξ | NOUN | N--AM-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐνδέδυκε | obj | high | |
| 8 | Ὀδυσσεύς | Ὀδυσσεύς | PROPN | N--NM-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐνδέδυκε | nsubj | high | Repeated explicit subject of ἐνδέδυκε. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστι | punct | high |
Αἴας δὲ ὁ Οἰλέως ἔχων ἀσπίδα βωμῷ προσέστηκεν, ὀμνύμενος ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἐς Κασσάνδραν τολμήματος·
Αἴας is the subject of προσέστηκεν; ἔχων and ὀμνύμενος are coordinated circumstantial participles, with the latter governing the ὑπέρ + genitive phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αἴας | Αἴας | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 προσέστηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 8 προσέστηκεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Οἰλέως | det | high | |
| 4 | Οἰλέως | Οἰλεύς | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Αἴας | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive dependent on Αἴας. |
| 5 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | v-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 προσέστηκεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle. |
| 6 | ἀσπίδα | ἀσπίς | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἔχων | obj | high | |
| 7 | βωμῷ | βωμός | NOUN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 προσέστηκεν | obl | high | Dative with προσίστημι, indicating the altar approached/at which he stands. |
| 8 | προσέστηκεν | προσίστημι | VERB | v3sria--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect of προΐστημι/προσίστημι. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 προσέστηκεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὀμνύμενος | ὄμνυμι | VERB | v-sppmnm- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 προσέστηκεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject coreferential with Αἴας. |
| 11 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | r-------- | _ | 15 τολμήματος | case | high | |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 τολμήματος | det | high | Article substantivizing the genitive noun phrase. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 14 Κασσάνδραν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 14 | Κασσάνδραν | Κασσάνδρα | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 τολμήματος | nmod | high | |
| 15 | τολμήματος | τόλμημα | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ὀμνύμενος | obl | high | Genitive object of ὑπέρ within the participial oath phrase. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 προσέστηκεν | punct | high |
ἡ δὲ κάθηταί τε ἡ Κασσάνδρα χαμαὶ καὶ τὸ ἄγαλμα ἔχει τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς, εἴγε δὴ ἀνέτρεψεν ἐκ βάθρων τὸ ξόανον, ὅτε ἀπὸ τῆς ἱκεσίας αὐτὴν ὁ Αἴας ἀφεῖλκε.
The main clause has coordinated predicates κάθηται and ἔχει with postposed subject ἡ Κασσάνδρα; εἴγε introduces a parenthetical conditional/explanatory clause, and ὅτε introduces the temporal clause. κάθηταί is treated as κάθημαι, and ἀφεῖλκε as imperfect active ἀφέλκω, though the latter form is morphologically somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Κασσάνδρα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 κάθηταί | cc | high | |
| 3 | κάθηταί | κάθημαι | VERB | V2SPMI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Lexical form is κάθημαι; final -ί is likely accentual/orthographic. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἔχει | cc | high | Correlative coordination with καί. |
| 5 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Κασσάνδρα | det | high | |
| 6 | Κασσάνδρα | Κασσάνδρα | PROPN | N-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 κάθηταί | nsubj | high | Postposed subject shared with ἔχει. |
| 7 | χαμαὶ | χαμαί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 κάθηταί | advmod | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἔχει | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἄγαλμα | det | high | |
| 10 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἔχει | obj | high | |
| 11 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V1SPIA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 κάθηταί | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate; subject is Κασσάνδρα. |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Ἀθηνᾶς | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 κάθηταί | punct | high | |
| 15 | εἴγε | εἴγε | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἀνέτρεψεν | mark | medium | Conditional particle/conjunction, introducing an explanatory parenthesis. |
| 16 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 17 ἀνέτρεψεν | discourse | high | |
| 17 | ἀνέτρεψεν | ἀνατρέπω | VERB | V1SAAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 κάθηταί | advcl | high | Conditional clause attached to the main assertion. |
| 18 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 βάθρων | case | high | |
| 19 | βάθρων | βάθρον | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἀνέτρεψεν | obl | high | |
| 20 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 ξόανον | det | high | |
| 21 | ξόανον | ξόανον | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνέτρεψεν | obj | high | |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀνέτρεψεν | punct | high | |
| 23 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 30 ἀφεῖλκε | mark | high | |
| 24 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 ἱκεσίας | case | high | |
| 25 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 ἱκεσίας | det | high | |
| 26 | ἱκεσίας | ἱκεσία | NOUN | N-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ἀφεῖλκε | obl | high | |
| 27 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 30 ἀφεῖλκε | obj | high | Refers to Cassandra. |
| 28 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 Αἴας | det | high | |
| 29 | Αἴας | Αἴας | PROPN | N-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἀφεῖλκε | nsubj | high | |
| 30 | ἀφεῖλκε | ἀφέλκω | VERB | V1SIAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 17 ἀνέτρεψεν | advcl | medium | Imperfect form analyzed as ἀφέλκω; temporal clause explains the aorist event. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 κάθηταί | punct | high |
γεγραμμένοι δὲ καὶ οἱ παῖδές εἰσιν οἱ Ἀτρέως, ἐπικείμενοι καὶ οὗτοι κράνη, Μενελάῳ δὲ ἀσπίδα ἔχοντι δράκων ἐπὶ τῇ ἀσπίδι ἐστὶν εἰργασμένος τοῦ ἐν Αὐλίδι φανέντος ἐπὶ τοῖς ἱερείοις τέρατος ἕνεκα.
The sentence contains an initial copular participial predication and a second copular description: a dragon is worked on Menelaus' shield, with τέρατος as a postpositional genitive (ἕνεκα) and φανέντος modifying it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γεγραμμένοι | γράφω | VERB | V--PMPNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 6 εἰσιν | xcomp | high | Perfect passive participle, predicate with εἰσιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 εἰσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 γεγραμμένοι | advmod | high | Adverbial καί modifying the predication. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 παῖδές | det | high | |
| 5 | παῖδές | παῖς | NOUN | N--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσιν. |
| 6 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Ἀτρέως | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀτρέως | Ἀτρεύς | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παῖδές | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on παῖδες. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εἰσιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐπικείμενοι | ἐπίκειμαι | VERB | V-PPPNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 6 εἰσιν | advcl | high | Supplementary participle referring to the sons. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἐπικείμενοι | cc | high | |
| 12 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | PD--NPM- | Case=Nom|Deixis=Prox|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐπικείμενοι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπικείμενοι. |
| 13 | κράνη | κράνος | NOUN | N--APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἐπικείμενοι | obj | medium | Accusative object with ἐπικείμενοι. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπικείμενοι | punct | high | |
| 15 | Μενελάῳ | Μενέλαος | PROPN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 εἰργασμένος | iobj | medium | Dative possessor/associated person with ἔχοντι and the following predication. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἀσπίδα | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἔχοντι | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντι. |
| 18 | ἔχοντι | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAPDSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 24 εἰργασμένος | advcl | high | Dative participle agreeing with Μενελάῳ. |
| 19 | δράκων | δράκων | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 εἰργασμένος | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰργασμένος ἐστίν. |
| 20 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 22 ἀσπίδι | case | high | |
| 21 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἀσπίδι | det | high | |
| 22 | ἀσπίδι | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 εἰργασμένος | obl | high | On the shield. |
| 23 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 24 εἰργασμένος | aux | high | Auxiliary with εἰργασμένος. |
| 24 | εἰργασμένος | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V-RMPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate of the second coordinated clause; δράκων is its subject. |
| 25 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 φανέντος | det | high | |
| 26 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 27 Αὐλίδι | case | high | |
| 27 | Αὐλίδι | Αὐλίς | PROPN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 φανέντος | obl | high | Locative complement of φανέντος. |
| 28 | φανέντος | φαίνω | VERB | V-APPGSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 32 τέρατος | acl | high | Genitive participle modifying τέρατος. |
| 29 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 31 ἱερείοις | case | high | |
| 30 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T--DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 31 ἱερείοις | det | high | |
| 31 | ἱερείοις | ἱερεῖον | NOUN | N--DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 φανέντος | obl | high | At the sacrificial victims. |
| 32 | τέρατος | τέρας | NOUN | N--GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 εἰργασμένος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δράκων: the serpent of the portent. |
| 33 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | P | _ | 32 τέρατος | case | high | Postposition governing τέρατος. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 εἰργασμένος | punct | high |
ὑπὸ τούτοις τοῖς τὸν Αἴαντα ἐξορκοῦσιν, κατʼ εὐθὺ δὲ τοῦ ἵππου τοῦ
Fragmentary prepositional phrase; τοῖς ... ἐξορκοῦσιν is a substantivized participial phrase, while κατʼ εὐθύ (likely εὐθύ adverbial) introduces a coordinated directional phrase. The final τοῦ is incomplete and its syntactic attachment is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 2 τούτοις | case | high | |
| 2 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | D-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 6 ἐξορκοῦσιν | obl | high | Demonstrative with τοῖς ... ἐξορκοῦσιν; ὑπό governs the dative here. |
| 3 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἐξορκοῦσιν | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Αἴαντα | det | high | |
| 5 | Αἴαντα | Αἴας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 6 ἐξορκοῦσιν | obj | high | |
| 6 | ἐξορκοῦσιν | ἐξορκόω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Substantivized present active participle; exact larger-clause attachment is unavailable in this fragment. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐξορκοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 8 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 9 εὐθὺ | case | high | Elided form κατὰ before εὐθύ. |
| 9 | εὐθὺ | εὐθύς | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 ἐξορκοῦσιν | obl | medium | Likely adverbial εὐθύ, with κατὰ forming a directional expression; coordination/attachment is uncertain in the fragment. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐξορκοῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἵππου | det | medium | Article of ἵππου; likely genitive singular masculine. |
| 12 | ἵππου | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 εὐθὺ | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on an omitted or elided complement of the directional expression. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἵππου | det | low | Stranded/incomplete in the supplied fragment; gender and attachment are uncertain. |