Grammar parses for passage 10.28.1
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ ἕτερον μέρος τῆς γραφῆς τὸ ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς χειρός, ἔστιν Ὀδυσσεὺς καταβεβηκὼς ἐς τὸν Ἅιδην ὀνομαζόμενον, ὅπως Τειρεσίου τὴν ψυχὴν περὶ τῆς ἐς τὴν οἰκείαν ἐπέρηται σωτηρίας·
The copular clause has μέρος as subject and ἔστιν as root; the appositional/restrictive phrase Ὀδυσσεὺς καταβεβηκώς identifies the depicted subject. ὅπως introduces the purpose clause, with ἐπέρηται (perfect middle subjunctive, likely ζητεῖται/ἐπέρχεται in transmitted form) governing the genitive Τειρεσίου and accusative τὴν ψυχήν; the form is lexically and syntactically uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 μέρος | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἔστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἕτερον | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 μέρος | amod | high | |
| 4 | μέρος | μέρος | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of the copular clause. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 γραφῆς | det | high | |
| 6 | γραφῆς | γραφή | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 μέρος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μέρος. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 μέρος | appos | medium | Reiterated article introducing a specifying phrase. |
| 8 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 χειρός | case | high | |
| 9 | ἀριστερᾶς | ἀριστερός | ADJ | A-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 χειρός | amod | high | |
| 10 | χειρός | χείρ | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 τὸ | nmod | high | Phrase ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς χειρός specifies the side. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copula/presentational predicate. |
| 13 | Ὀδυσσεὺς | Ὀδυσσεύς | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἔστιν | appos | medium | Predicative/appositional identification of the depicted figure. |
| 14 | καταβεβηκὼς | καταβαίνω | VERB | V-PAPMSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 13 Ὀδυσσεὺς | acl | high | Perfect active participle agreeing with Ὀδυσσεύς. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Ἅιδην | case | high | |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἅιδην | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἅιδην | ᾍδης | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 καταβεβηκὼς | obl | high | Destination of καταβεβηκώς. |
| 18 | ὀνομαζόμενον | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PMPMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 17 Ἅιδην | acl | medium | Agrees with Ἅιδην; likely ‘so-called/named’. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ὅπως | punct | high | |
| 20 | ὅπως | ὅπως | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 29 ἐπέρηται | mark | high | Purpose conjunction. |
| 21 | Τειρεσίου | Τειρεσίας | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ψυχὴν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ψυχήν, ‘the soul of Tiresias’. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ψυχὴν | det | high | |
| 23 | ψυχὴν | ψυχή | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπέρηται | obj | medium | Accusative object; exact relation with the unusual verb form is uncertain. |
| 24 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 30 σωτηρίας | case | high | |
| 25 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 σωτηρίας | det | high | |
| 26 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 27 τὴν | case | high | |
| 27 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 οἰκείαν | det | high | |
| 28 | οἰκείαν | οἰκεῖος | ADJ | A-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 σωτηρίας | nmod | medium | Substantival adjective, ‘one’s own [home/land]’, governed by ἐς. |
| 29 | ἐπέρηται | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | V3SRMP--- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 12 ἔστιν | advcl | low | Form and lemma are uncertain in this context; parsed as the predicate of the ὅπως clause. |
| 30 | σωτηρίας | σωτηρία | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπέρηται | obl | medium | Genitive complement of περὶ, ‘concerning salvation’. |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔστιν | punct | high |
ἔχει δὲ οὕτω τὰ ἐς τὴν γραφήν.
Impersonal ἔχει means ‘it stands/is arranged’; οὕτω is the predicate adverb, and τὰ ἐς τὴν γραφήν is the subject-like phrase meaning ‘the matters concerning the depiction’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/existential use: ‘it stands’ or ‘it is arranged’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔχει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἔχει | advmod | high | Manner adverb, ‘thus/so’. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἔχει | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural article; the following prepositional phrase specifies its reference. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 γραφήν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 γραφήν | det | high | Article agreeing with γραφήν. |
| 7 | γραφήν | γραφή | NOUN | N-AS下一F-ACC-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 τὰ | nmod | medium | Object of ἐς; the phrase ἐς τὴν γραφήν modifies substantivized τὰ. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔχει | punct | high |
ὕδωρ εἶναι ποταμὸς ἔοικε, δῆλα ὡς ὁ Ἀχέρων, καὶ κάλαμοί τε ἐν αὐτῷ πεφυκότες καὶ ἰχθύες·
The sentence is elliptical after δῆλα ὡς: Ἀχέρων and the following nominatives describe evidential features of the apparent river/water; attachment of the coordinated nominals is therefore somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἔοικε | nsubj | medium | Predicate nominative-like subject of εἶναι under ἔοικε; form is nominative or accusative identical. |
| 2 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | vnpainf | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 ἔοικε | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἔοικε. |
| 3 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with εἶναι. |
| 4 | ἔοικε | ἔοικα | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect form with present-like meaning, ‘seems/appears’. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔοικε | punct | high | |
| 6 | δῆλα | δῆλος | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἔοικε | parataxis | medium | Neuter plural adjective used substantivally, introducing the evidential continuation. |
| 7 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 δῆλα | mark | medium | Introduces an explanatory/content clause or construction after δῆλα. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ἀχέρων | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀχέρων | Ἀχέρων | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 δῆλα | nsubj | medium | Proper-name subject in the ὡς clause; the verb is omitted/elliptical. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 δῆλα | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 12 κάλαμοί | cc | high | |
| 12 | κάλαμοί | κάλαμος | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Ἀχέρων | conj | medium | Coordinated nominal, likely continuing an elliptical clause with Ἀχέρων/δῆλα. |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 12 κάλαμοί | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator pairing with καί. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 15 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 15 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 16 πεφυκότες | obl | high | Locative dative with ἐν, referring to the water. |
| 16 | πεφυκότες | φύω | VERB | v-prpanm- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 κάλαμοί | acl | medium | Perfect active participle agreeing with κάλαμοί; ‘having grown’. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 18 ἰχθύες | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἰχθύες | ἰχθύς | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 κάλαμοί | conj | medium | Coordinated with κάλαμοί, in an elliptical nominal construction. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔοικε | punct | high |
ἔστι δʼ ἀμυδρὰ οὕτω δή τι τὰ εἴδη τῶν ἰχθύων ὡς σκιὰς μᾶλλον ἢ ἰχθῦς εἰκάσεις.
The clause headed by εἰκάσεις is attached as a comparative/evidential ὡς-clause to the predicate ἀμυδρά; τι is treated as an idiomatic intensifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἀμυδρὰ | cop | high | |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἀμυδρὰ | cc | high | Apocopated/elided form of δέ. |
| 3 | ἀμυδρὰ | ἀμυδρός | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate adjective with neuter plural subject τὰ εἴδη. |
| 4 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | ADV | _ | 3 ἀμυδρὰ | advmod | high | |
| 5 | δή | δή | PART | PART | _ | 4 οὕτω | discourse | medium | Emphatic particle in the οὕτω δή combination. |
| 6 | τι | τις | PRON | P-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἀμυδρὰ | advmod | medium | Indefinite τι, idiomatically intensifying the predicate/adverbial expression. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 εἴδη | det | high | |
| 8 | εἴδη | εἶδος | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἀμυδρὰ | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἰχθύων | det | high | |
| 10 | ἰχθύων | ἰχθύς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 εἴδη | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on εἴδη. |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 εἰκάσεις | mark | high | Introduces the comparative/evidential clause. |
| 12 | σκιὰς | σκιά | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 εἰκάσεις | obj | high | Accusative object of εἰκάσεις. |
| 13 | μᾶλλον | μᾶλλον | ADV | ADV | _ | 16 εἰκάσεις | advmod | high | Comparative adverb modifying εἰκάσεις. |
| 14 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἰχθῦς | cc | high | Coordinates σκιὰς and ἰχθῦς. |
| 15 | ἰχθῦς | ἰχθύς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 εἰκάσεις | obj | high | Second coordinated accusative object of εἰκάσεις. |
| 16 | εἰκάσεις | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-FAI-2S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 3 ἀμυδρὰ | advcl | high | Future indicative in the ὡς clause. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀμυδρὰ | punct | high |
καὶ ναῦς ἐστιν ἐν τῷ ποταμῷ καὶ ὁ πορθμεὺς ἐπὶ ταῖς κώπαις.
Two coordinated existential clauses share an understood locative setting; the final ἐπὶ phrase is locative with the plural oars, though its precise semantic attachment is mildly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ναῦς | ναῦς | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ποταμῷ | case | high | |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-SDSM---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ποταμῷ | det | high | |
| 6 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | obl | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 πορθμεὺς | cc | high | Coordinates the second existential clause. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-NSMN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πορθμεὺς | det | high | |
| 9 | πορθμεὺς | πορθμεύς | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | conj | medium | Nominal subject of a coordinated clause with an omitted/copular ἐστιν. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 κώπαις | case | high | |
| 11 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | L-PDFP---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 κώπαις | det | high | |
| 12 | κώπαις | κώπη | NOUN | N--PDF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 πορθμεὺς | obl | medium | ἐπί with dative is locative; attachment to πορθμεύς is preferred. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high |