Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.31.1

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Passage 10.31.1

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3sentences parsed

60Greek tokens

2,283input tokens

4,373output tokens

Sentence 1

10.31.1 sentence 1

Tokens: 33
Input: 884
Output: 2,244
Total: 3,128

εἰ δὲ ἀπίδοις πάλιν ἐς τὸ ἄνω τῆς γραφῆς, ἔστιν ἐφεξῆς τῷ Ἀκταίωνι Αἴας ὁ ἐκ Σαλαμῖνος, καὶ Παλαμήδης τε καὶ Θερσίτης κύβοις χρώμενοι παιδιᾷ, τοῦ Παλαμήδους τῷ εὑρήματι·

Conditional εἰ-clause with optative ἀπίδοις; ἔστιν introduces a locative/existential description. The final fragment is elliptical/loosely coordinated: Παλαμήδης and Θερσίτης are depicted using dice in play, with τοῦ Παλαμήδους τῷ εὑρήματι probably modifying παιδιᾷ or expressing the instrument/source of the game.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	εἰ	εἰ	SCONJ	CONJ	_	3 ἀπίδοις	mark	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	3 ἀπίδοις	cc	high
3	ἀπίδοις	ἀφοράω	VERB	V-2AAI-2S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=2\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	11 ἔστιν	advcl	medium	Aorist optative in a conditional protasis; lemma and exact compound analysis are somewhat uncertain.
4	πάλιν	πάλιν	ADV	ADV	_	3 ἀπίδοις	advmod	high
5	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	7 ἄνω	case	high
6	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-SNA	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 ἄνω	det	high
7	ἄνω	ἄνω	ADV	ADV	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	3 ἀπίδοις	obl	medium	Substantivized neuter phrase, 'the upper part'; morphology is conventionally adverbial but syntactically nominalized.
8	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-SGF	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 γραφῆς	det	high
9	γραφῆς	γραφή	NOUN	N-SGF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἄνω	nmod	high
10	,	,	PUNCT	PUNC	_	3 ἀπίδοις	punct	high
11	ἔστιν	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
12	ἐφεξῆς	ἐφεξῆς	ADV	ADV	_	11 ἔστιν	advmod	high
13	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-SDM	Case=Dat\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 Ἀκταίωνι	det	high
14	Ἀκταίωνι	Ἀκταίων	PROPN	N-SDM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἐφεξῆς	obl	high
15	Αἴας	Αἴας	PROPN	N-SMN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἔστιν	nsubj	high
16	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-SMN	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 Αἴας	det	high
17	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	18 Σαλαμῖνος	case	high
18	Σαλαμῖνος	Σαλαμίς	PROPN	N-SGF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 Αἴας	nmod	high
19	,	,	PUNCT	PUNC	_	15 Αἴας	punct	high
20	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	21 Παλαμήδης	cc	high
21	Παλαμήδης	Παλαμήδης	PROPN	N-SMN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἔστιν	nsubj	high
22	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	21 Παλαμήδης	cc	high
23	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 Θερσίτης	cc	high
24	Θερσίτης	Θερσίτης	PROPN	N-SMN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 Παλαμήδης	conj	high
25	κύβοις	κύβος	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 χρώμενοι	obl	high	Dative of instrument or means.
26	χρώμενοι	χράομαι	VERB	V-PMP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	21 Παλαμήδης	acl	medium	Agreeing with the coordinated nominative subjects; may be locally predicative rather than strictly attributive.
27	παιδιᾷ	παιδιά	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 χρώμενοι	obl	medium	Dative complement of χράομαι, perhaps 'using dice for play'.
28	,	,	PUNCT	PUNC	_	21 Παλαμήδης	punct	high
29	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-SGM	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	30 Παλαμήδους	det	high
30	Παλαμήδους	Παλαμήδης	PROPN	N-SGM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 εὑρήματι	nmod	high
31	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-SDN	Case=Dat\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	32 εὑρήματι	det	high
32	εὑρήματι	εὕρημα	NOUN	N-SDN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	27 παιδιᾷ	nmod	low	Elliptical/uncertain attachment; likely 'with/by Palamedes' invention' modifying παιδιᾷ.
33	·	·	PUNCT	PUNC	_	11 ἔστιν	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.31.1 sentence 2

Tokens: 9
Input: 647
Output: 790
Total: 1,437

Αἴας δὲ ὁ ἕτερος ἐς αὐτοὺς ὁρᾷ παίζοντας.

Αἴας is the subject of ὁρᾷ; ὁ ἕτερος is an appositional article-plus-adjective phrase (‘the other Ajax’). The accusative παίζοντας is a supplementary participle governed by ὁρᾷ, with αὐτούς as its understood/object participant and likely masculine plural accusative subject; the exact participial construction is mildly ambiguous.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Αἴας	Αἴας	PROPN	N--SMN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 ὁρᾷ	nsubj	high	Subject of ὁρᾷ.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 ὁρᾷ	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ὁ	ὁ	DET	P-S---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 ἕτερος	det	high	Article with ἕτερος in the appositional noun phrase.
4	ἕτερος	ἕτερος	ADJ	A-S---MN-	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 Αἴας	appos	high	Apposition to Αἴας: ‘the other’.
5	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	6 αὐτοὺς	case	high	Variant form of εἰς, governing the accusative.
6	αὐτοὺς	αὐτός	PRON	P---AM-P-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	7 ὁρᾷ	obl	high	Prepositional accusative complement of ὁρᾷ.
7	ὁρᾷ	ὁράω	VERB	V-PIA-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite predicate.
8	παίζοντας	παίζω	VERB	V-PPA-AMP	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	7 ὁρᾷ	xcomp	medium	Accusative supplementary participle with ὁρᾷ; its understood accusative subject is αὐτούς.
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	7 ὁρᾷ	punct	high

Sentence 3

10.31.1 sentence 3

Tokens: 18
Input: 752
Output: 1,339
Total: 2,091

τούτῳ τῷ Αἴαντι τὸ χρῶμά ἐστιν οἷον ἂν ἀνδρὶ ναυαγῷ γένοιτο ἐπανθούσης τῷ χρωτὶ ἔτι τῆς ἅλμης.

The dative Αἴαντι is referential/possessive with χρῶμα; οἷον ἂν γένοιτο is a potential optative comparison, followed by a genitive absolute.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τούτῳ	οὗτος	PRON	P-Ddms	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	3 Αἴαντι	det	high
2	τῷ	ὁ	DET	L-dms	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	3 Αἴαντι	det	high
3	Αἴαντι	Αἴας	PROPN	Ne-dms	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἐστιν	obl	high	Dative of reference/possession.
4	τὸ	ὁ	DET	L-nns	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 χρῶμά	det	high
5	χρῶμά	χρῶμα	NOUN	Nb-nns	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 ἐστιν	nsubj	high
6	ἐστιν	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
7	οἷον	οἷος	ADJ	A-nns	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 ἐστιν	xcomp	medium	Predicate adjective introducing a comparative/relative clause.
8	ἂν	ἄν	PART	X	_	11 γένοιτο	advmod	high	Modal particle with optative.
9	ἀνδρὶ	ἀνήρ	NOUN	Nb-dms	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 γένοιτο	iobj	high	Dative with γένοιτο.
10	ναυαγῷ	ναυαγός	ADJ	A-dms	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 ἀνδρὶ	amod	high
11	γένοιτο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-AOM-3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	7 οἷον	acl:relcl	medium	Potential optative in the οἷον ἄν clause.
12	ἐπανθούσης	ἐπανθέω	VERB	V-PAP-GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	11 γένοιτο	advcl	medium	Genitive absolute; subject is τῆς ἅλμης.
13	τῷ	ὁ	DET	L-dns	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	14 χρωτὶ	det	high
14	χρωτὶ	χρώς	NOUN	Nb-dns	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 ἐπανθούσης	obl	high	Dative of location/association with ἐπανθούσης.
15	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D	_	12 ἐπανθούσης	advmod	high
16	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L-gfs	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	17 ἅλμης	det	high
17	ἅλμης	ἅλμη	NOUN	Nb-gfs	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 ἐπανθούσης	nsubj	high	Genitive-absolute subject.
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἐστιν	punct	high

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