Grammar parses for passage 10.31.1
Open translation for this passage
εἰ δὲ ἀπίδοις πάλιν ἐς τὸ ἄνω τῆς γραφῆς, ἔστιν ἐφεξῆς τῷ Ἀκταίωνι Αἴας ὁ ἐκ Σαλαμῖνος, καὶ Παλαμήδης τε καὶ Θερσίτης κύβοις χρώμενοι παιδιᾷ, τοῦ Παλαμήδους τῷ εὑρήματι·
Main predication is ἔστιν with several coordinated nominative subjects and appositive modifiers; the participial phrase χρώμενοι παιδιᾷ is attached to the coordinated names, while the final dative phrase is elliptic and loosely appositional.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | COND | _ | 3 ἀπίδοις | mark | high | Conditional marker. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PTCL | _ | 3 ἀπίδοις | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | ἀπίδοις | ἀφοράω | VERB | V-2AAO-2S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ἔστιν | advcl | medium | Optative in conditional protasis; form may be read as 2sg aorist optative from ἀπο/ἀφοράω-like compound. |
| 4 | πάλιν | πάλιν | ADV | D | _ | 3 ἀπίδοις | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the conditional verb. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 7 ἄνω | case | high | Preposition with article phrase. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | B-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἄνω | det | high | Article. |
| 7 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | D | _ | 3 ἀπίδοις | obl | medium | Substantivized/adverbial phrase with article, governing ἐς. |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | B-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 γραφῆς | det | high | Article. |
| 9 | γραφῆς | γραφή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἄνω | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἄνω in the phrase. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀπίδοις | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause predicate. |
| 12 | ἐφεξῆς | ἐφεξῆς | ADV | D | _ | 11 ἔστιν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔστιν. |
| 13 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | B-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Ἀκταίωνι | det | high | Article. |
| 14 | Ἀκταίωνι | Ἀκταίων | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἔστιν | obl | high | Dative complement with ἐφεξῆς. |
| 15 | Αἴας | Αἴας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστιν. |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | B-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Αἴας | det | high | Article with Αἴας. |
| 17 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 18 Σαλαμῖνος | case | high | Preposition in appositive description. |
| 18 | Σαλαμῖνος | Σαλαμίς | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Αἴας | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 Αἴας | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 Παλαμήδης | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 21 | Παλαμήδης | Παλαμήδης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Αἴας | conj | high | Conjunct with Αἴας. |
| 22 | τε | τε | PART | PTCL | _ | 21 Παλαμήδης | discourse | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 Θερσίτης | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 24 | Θερσίτης | Θερσίτης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Παλαμήδης | conj | high | Conjunct with Παλαμήδης. |
| 25 | κύβοις | κύβος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 χρώμενοι | obj | medium | Dative of instrument with χρώμενοι. |
| 26 | χρώμενοι | χράομαι | VERB | V-PNP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 21 Παλαμήδης | amod | medium | Participial modifier of Παλαμήδης; likely shared with Θερσίτης by coordination. |
| 27 | παιδιᾷ | παιδιά | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 χρώμενοι | obl | medium | Dative expressing manner. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 Παλαμήδης | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 29 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | B-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 Παλαμήδους | det | high | Article. |
| 30 | Παλαμήδους | Παλαμήδης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 εὑρήματι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of εὑρήματι. |
| 31 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | B-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 εὑρήματι | det | high | Article. |
| 32 | εὑρήματι | εὕρημα | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἔστιν | obl | high | Dative phrase in apposition/ellipsis to previous clause. |
| 33 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Αἴας δὲ ὁ ἕτερος ἐς αὐτοὺς ὁρᾷ παίζοντας.
Main clause is straightforward; the participle παίζοντας is best analyzed as the perceived action under ὁρᾷ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αἴας | Αἴας | PROPN | Ne-S---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ὁρᾷ | nsubj | high | Subject of ὁρᾷ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 7 ὁρᾷ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἕτερος | det | high | Article modifying ἕτερος. |
| 4 | ἕτερος | ἕτερος | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Αἴας | amod | high | Attributive adjective in apposition to Αἴας. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | d-------- | _ | 7 ὁρᾷ | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 6 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | p-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 ὁρᾷ | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 7 | ὁρᾷ | ὁράω | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 8 | παίζοντας | παίζω | VERB | v-papamn- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ὁρᾷ | obj | medium | Accusative participle likely complements ὁρᾷ; could be secondary predication. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ὁρᾷ | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τούτῳ τῷ Αἴαντι τὸ χρῶμά ἐστιν οἷον ἂν ἀνδρὶ ναυαγῷ γένοιτο ἐπανθούσης τῷ χρωτὶ ἔτι τῆς ἅλμης.
The main difficulty is the comparison clause after οἷον ἂν, especially the predicate structure around γένοιτο and the genitive absolute ἐπανθούσης τῷ χρωτὶ ἔτι τῆς ἅλμης.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | DET | Pd---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 Αἴαντι | det | high | Modifies Αἴαντι. |
| 2 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Ra---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Αἴαντι | det | high | Article with proper name. |
| 3 | Αἴαντι | Αἴας | PROPN | N-S---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | obl | high | Dative of reference/possession with ἐστιν. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Ra---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 χρῶμά | det | high | Article with χρῶμά. |
| 5 | χρῶμά | χρῶμα | NOUN | N-S---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3spia- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular verb. |
| 7 | οἷον | οἷος | ADJ | A-NS---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 γένοιτο | obl | medium | Correlative comparative predicate with γένοιτο; neuter form may function adverbially/predicatively. |
| 8 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | T | _ | 11 γένοιτο | advmod | high | Modal particle with optative. |
| 9 | ἀνδρὶ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-S---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 γένοιτο | obl | high | Dative of comparison/agent-like relation in simile. |
| 10 | ναυαγῷ | ναυαγός | ADJ | A-S---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνδρὶ | amod | high | Attributive modifier of ἀνδρὶ. |
| 11 | γένοιτο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3saoo- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 7 οἷον | advcl | high | Optative in the comparative clause. |
| 12 | ἐπανθούσης | ἐπανθέω | VERB | V-SAPPAF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 γένοιτο | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute participle introducing circumstantial background. |
| 13 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Ra---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 χρωτὶ | det | high | Article with χρωτὶ. |
| 14 | χρωτὶ | χρώς | NOUN | N-S---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπανθούσης | obl | high | Dative dependent of participle. |
| 15 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 12 ἐπανθούσης | advmod | high | Modifies participle. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Ra---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἅλμης | det | high | Article with ἅλμης. |
| 17 | ἅλμης | ἅλμη | NOUN | N-S---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπανθούσης | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject within the participial genitive absolute. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |