Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.31.2

← 10.31.1 10.31.3 →

Passage 10.31.2

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

59Greek tokens

2,337input tokens

4,503output tokens

Sentence 1

10.31.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 13
Input: 696
Output: 861
Total: 1,557

ἐς δὲ τὸ αὐτὸ ἐπίτηδες τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ἤγαγεν ὁ Πολύγνωτος·

Πολύγνωτος is the finite-clause subject and ἤγαγεν the root verb; τοὺς ἐχθρούς is its accusative object, while ἐς τὸ αὐτό is a directional prepositional phrase and τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως is a genitive dependent on αὐτό. ἐπίτηδες is an adverb modifying ἤγαγεν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.
1	ἐς	ἐς	ADP	_	_	4 αὐτὸ	case	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	_	_	10 ἤγαγεν	cc	high
3	τὸ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 αὐτὸ	det	high
4	αὐτὸ	αὐτός	PRON	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἤγαγεν	obl	high
5	ἐπίτηδες	ἐπίτηδες	ADV	_	_	10 ἤγαγεν	advmod	high
6	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 Ὀδυσσέως	det	high
7	Ὀδυσσέως	Ὀδυσσεύς	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 αὐτὸ	nmod	high
8	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 ἐχθροὺς	det	high
9	ἐχθροὺς	ἐχθρός	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ἤγαγεν	obj	high
10	ἤγαγεν	ἄγω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
11	ὁ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 Πολύγνωτος	det	high
12	Πολύγνωτος	Πολύγνωτος	PROPN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ἤγαγεν	nsubj	high
13	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἤγαγεν	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.31.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 24
Input: 826
Output: 1,759
Total: 2,585

ἀφίκετο δὲ ἐς Ὀδυσσέως δυσμένειαν ὁ τοῦ Ὀιλέως Αἴας, ὅτι τοῖς Ἕλλησιν Ὀδυσσεὺς παρῄνει καταλιθῶσαι τὸν Αἴαντα ἐπὶ τῷ ἐς Κασσάνδραν τολμήματι·

Main clause: Αἴας is subject of ἀφίκετο, with εἰς/ἐς + accusative δυσμένειαν; ὅτι introduces the causal/content clause. παρῄνει governs the complementary infinitive καταλιθῶσαι, with τὸν Αἴαντα as its accusative subject/object and ἐπὶ τῷ τολμήματι expressing the grounds; τολμήματι takes an ἐς Κασσάνδραν complement. The infinitive form καταλιθῶσαι is morphologically somewhat uncertain in this transmitted spelling.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἀφίκετο	ἀφικνέομαι	VERB	V-AIM-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἀφίκετο	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	5 δυσμένειαν	case	high	Variant form of εἰς.
4	Ὀδυσσέως	Ὀδυσσεύς	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 δυσμένειαν	nmod	high
5	δυσμένειαν	δυσμένεια	NOUN	N-AFA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 ἀφίκετο	obl	high	Goal/state complement of ἀφίκετο.
6	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 Αἴας	det	high
7	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GMS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 Ὀιλέως	det	high
8	Ὀιλέως	Ὀιλεύς	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 Αἴας	nmod	high	Patronymic genitive.
9	Αἴας	Αἴας	PROPN	N-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἀφίκετο	nsubj	high
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἀφίκετο	punct	high
11	ὅτι	ὅτι	SCONJ	CONJ	_	15 παρῄνει	mark	high	Causal/content-clause marker; causal sense fits context.
12	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 Ἕλλησιν	det	high
13	Ἕλλησιν	Ἕλλην	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 παρῄνει	iobj	high	Dative addressee of παρῄνει.
14	Ὀδυσσεὺς	Ὀδυσσεύς	PROPN	N-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 παρῄνει	nsubj	high
15	παρῄνει	παραινέω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	1 ἀφίκετο	advcl	high	Predicate of the ὅτι clause.
16	καταλιθῶσαι	καταλιθόω	VERB	V-AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	15 παρῄνει	xcomp	low	Complementary infinitive; spelling and lexical analysis are uncertain.
17	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-AMS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 Αἴαντα	det	high
18	Αἴαντα	Αἴας	PROPN	N-AMS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 καταλιθῶσαι	obj	high	Accusative participant/object of the infinitive.
19	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	20 τῷ	case	high
20	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	23 τολμήματι	det	high
21	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	22 Κασσάνδραν	case	high	Variant form of εἰς.
22	Κασσάνδραν	Κασσάνδρα	PROPN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 τολμήματι	nmod	high	Destination/target complement of τολμήματι.
23	τολμήματι	τόλμημα	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 καταλιθῶσαι	obl	high	Dative complement governed by ἐπί.
24	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἀφίκετο	punct	high

Sentence 3

10.31.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 22
Input: 815
Output: 1,883
Total: 2,698

Παλαμήδην δὲ ἀποπνιγῆναι προελθόντα ἐπὶ ἰχθύων θήραν, Διομήδην δὲ τὸν ἀποκτείναντα εἶναι καὶ Ὀδυσσέα ἐπιλεξάμενος ἐν ἔπεσιν οἶδα τοῖς Κυπρίοις.

Two accusative-and-infinitive constructions depend on οἶδα: Παλαμήδην ... ἀποπνιγῆναι and Διομήδην ... εἶναι καὶ Ὀδυσσέα ... ἐπιλεξάμενος. ἐπιλεξάμενος is a nominative singular aorist middle participle with implicit subject, probably the author/speaker, modifying οἶδα; προελθόντα modifies Παλαμήδην.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Παλαμήδην	Παλαμήδης	PROPN	N----AMS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ἀποπνιγῆναι	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive ἀποπνιγῆναι.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	3 ἀποπνιγῆναι	cc	high	Adversative/continuative connective.
3	ἀποπνιγῆναι	ἀποπνίγω	VERB	V--APPNA-	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Passive	19 οἶδα	ccomp	high	Infinitive in the first accusative-and-infinitive complement of οἶδα.
4	προελθόντα	προέρχομαι	VERB	V--AAPMA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	1 Παλαμήδην	advcl	high	Accusative participle agreeing with Παλαμήδην; temporal/circumstantial.
5	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	7 θήραν	case	high	Takes accusative θήραν, expressing purpose or going upon.
6	ἰχθύων	ἰχθύς	NOUN	N-----GP-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 θήραν	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on θήραν, fish-hunting.
7	θήραν	θήρα	NOUN	N-----AF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 προελθόντα	obl	high	Accusative object/purpose of προελθόντα with ἐπί.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	19 οἶδα	punct	high
9	Διομήδην	Διομήδης	PROPN	N----AMS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 εἶναι	obj	high	Accusative subject of εἶναι.
10	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	13 εἶναι	cc	high	Connective coordinating the second reported clause.
11	τὸν	ὁ	DET	S----MAM-	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἀποκτείναντα	det	high	Article substantivizing/agreement-marking the participle ἀποκτείναντα.
12	ἀποκτείναντα	ἀποκτείνω	VERB	V-AAPMAM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	9 Διομήδην	acl	high	Attributive participle: the one who killed Diomedes; understood subject is likely Odysseus.
13	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V--PNA---	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	19 οἶδα	ccomp	high	Infinitive in the second accusative-and-infinitive complement of οἶδα.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	15 Ὀδυσσέα	cc	high	Coordinates Ὀδυσσέα with the preceding accusative constituent.
15	Ὀδυσσέα	Ὀδυσσεύς	PROPN	N----AMS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 εἶναι	conj	high	Coordinated accusative complement/subject within the εἶναι clause.
16	ἐπιλεξάμενος	ἐπιλέγομαι	VERB	V-AMPNSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Middle	19 οἶδα	advcl	medium	Nominative circumstantial participle with implicit subject, probably the speaker; syntactically associated with οἶδα.
17	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	18 ἔπεσιν	case	high	Introduces the locative/source phrase.
18	ἔπεσιν	ἔπος	NOUN	N-----DP-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 ἐπιλεξάμενος	obl	high	Dative governed by ἐν.
19	οἶδα	οἶδα	VERB	V-RPAI1S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate governing the reported infinitival clauses.
20	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	S----NDP-	Case=Dat\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	21 Κυπρίοις	det	high	Article agreeing with Κυπρίοις.
21	Κυπρίοις	Κύπρια	PROPN	N-----DP-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 ἐπιλεξάμενος	obl	medium	The Cypria, a poem; title in the dative after ἐπιλεξάμενος, with ellipsis/idiomatic selection context.
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	19 οἶδα	punct	high

← 10.31.1 10.31.3 →