Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.31.10

← 10.31.9 10.31.11 →

Passage 10.31.10

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

112Greek tokens

3,311input tokens

8,062output tokens

Sentence 1

10.31.10 sentence 1

Tokens: 25
Input: 797
Output: 1,813
Total: 2,610

ἀνωτέρω τούτων ἐστὶν ἡ Λυκάονος Καλλιστὼ καὶ Νομία τε καὶ ἡ Νηλέως Πηρώ· ταύτης ἕδνα τῶν γάμων βοῦς ὁ Νηλεὺς ᾔτει τὰς Ἰφίκλου.

The first clause is a verbless/copular identification with three coordinated female names. In the second clause, ἕδνα and βοῦς are objects of ᾔτει; τὰς Ἰφίκλου is textually or morphologically difficult as transmitted, so its analysis is tentative.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἀνωτέρω	ἄνω	ADV	Adverb	Degree=Cmp	3 ἐστὶν	advmod	high	Comparative adverb, ‘higher/above’.
2	τούτων	οὗτος	PRON	D-Pro	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 ἐστὶν	obl	high	Genitive of comparison/reference.
3	ἐστὶν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular predicate.
4	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 Καλλιστὼ	det	high
5	Λυκάονος	Λυκάων	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 Καλλιστὼ	nmod	high	Patronymic/genitive relation.
6	Καλλιστὼ	Καλλιστώ	PROPN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	3 ἐστὶν	nsubj	high	First member of the coordinated nominative subject.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	6 Καλλιστὼ	cc	high
8	Νομία	Νομία	PROPN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 Καλλιστὼ	conj	high
9	τε	τε	CCONJ	Conj	_	8 Νομία	cc	high	Correlative/additive coordinator.
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	8 Νομία	cc	high	Coordination of the second and third names.
11	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 Πηρώ	det	high
12	Νηλέως	Νηλεύς	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 Πηρώ	nmod	high	Patronymic/genitive relation.
13	Πηρώ	Πηρώ	PROPN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 Καλλιστὼ	conj	high	Third coordinated nominative subject.
14	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἐστὶν	punct	high
15	ταύτης	οὗτος	PRON	D-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἕδνα	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἕδνα: bride-price/dowry of her marriage.
16	ἕδνα	ἕδνα	NOUN	N-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	22 ᾔτει	obj	high	Accusative-looking neuter plural form; homonymous nominative/accusative, object of ᾔτει.
17	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 γάμων	det	high
18	γάμων	γάμος	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 ἕδνα	nmod	high	Genitive specifying the marriages.
19	βοῦς	βοῦς	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ᾔτει	obj	high	Accusative plural, cattle requested as bride-price.
20	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 Νηλεὺς	det	high
21	Νηλεὺς	Νηλεύς	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 ᾔτει	nsubj	high
22	ᾔτει	αἰτέω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	3 ἐστὶν	parataxis	high	Second clause after the punctuation.
23	τὰς	ὁ	DET	T-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	24 Ἰφίκλου	det	high
24	Ἰφίκλου	Ἰφικλῆς	PROPN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	19 βοῦς	nmod	medium	Form is morphologically anomalous as written: expected agreement with βοῦς is uncertain; interpreted as an attributive/relational accusative phrase, ‘those of Iphiclus’.
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	22 ᾔτει	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.31.10 sentence 2

Tokens: 21
Input: 767
Output: 1,553
Total: 2,320

τῇ Καλλιστοῖ δὲ ἀντὶ μὲν στρωμνῆς ἐστιν αὐτῇ δέρμα ἄρκτου, τοὺς πόδας δὲ ἐν τοῖς Νομίας γόνασιν ἔχει κειμένους.

The sentence coordinates an existential description (δέρμα ἄρκτου) with ἔχει and a predicative participle κειμένους; Νομίας γόνασιν is retained as a proper-name modifier despite uncertainty in its form.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τῇ	ὁ	DET	Art.DAT.SG.FEM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	2 Καλλιστοῖ	det	high
2	Καλλιστοῖ	Καλλιστώ	PROPN	Propn.DAT.SG.FEM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἐστιν	iobj	high	Dative of the female figure to whom the description pertains.
3	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conj	_	19 ἔχει	cc	high
4	ἀντὶ	ἀντί	ADP	Prep.GEN	_	6 στρωμνῆς	case	high
5	μὲν	μέν	PART	Part	_	7 ἐστιν	advmod	high	Correlative μέν paired with δέ.
6	στρωμνῆς	στρωμνή	NOUN	N.GEN.SG.FEM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἐστιν	obl	high	Genitive governed by ἀντί.
7	ἐστιν	εἰμί	VERB	V.PAI.3SG	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular/existential predicate; subject follows.
8	αὐτῇ	αὐτός	PRON	P.DAT.SG.FEM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	7 ἐστιν	obl	medium	Dative associated with the possession/existence construction, referring to Καλλιστώ.
9	δέρμα	δέρμα	NOUN	N.NOM.SG.NEU	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 ἐστιν	nsubj	high
10	ἄρκτου	ἄρκτος	NOUN	N.GEN.SG.FEM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 δέρμα	nmod	high	Genitive identifying the kind/source of the skin.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἐστιν	punct	high
12	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	Art.ACC.PL.MASC	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 πόδας	det	high
13	πόδας	πούς	NOUN	N.ACC.PL.MASC	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 ἔχει	obj	high	Object of ἔχει.
14	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conj	_	19 ἔχει	cc	high
15	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	Prep.DAT	_	18 γόνασιν	case	high
16	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	Art.DAT.PL.NEU	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	18 γόνασιν	det	high
17	Νομίας	Νομία	PROPN	Propn.DAT.PL.FEM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	18 γόνασιν	nmod	medium	Proper-name modifier in the phrase τοῖς Νομίας γόνασιν; exact inflection/lexical interpretation is uncertain.
18	γόνασιν	γόνυ	NOUN	N.DAT.PL.NEU	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	19 ἔχει	obl	high	Dative complement of ἐν.
19	ἔχει	ἔχω	VERB	V.PAI.3SG	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	7 ἐστιν	conj	high	Second coordinated predicate, with implicit subject referring to Καλλιστώ.
20	κειμένους	κεῖμαι	VERB	V.PMP.ACC.PL.MASC	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	13 πόδας	acl	medium	Predicative/resultative participle agreeing with πόδας; lexical voice morphology is conventionally middle/passive.
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἔχει	punct	high

Sentence 3

10.31.10 sentence 3

Tokens: 40
Input: 930
Output: 2,794
Total: 3,724

ἐδήλωσε δέ μοι τὰ πρότερα τοῦ λόγου φάναι τοὺς Ἀρκάδας Νομίαν εἶναι φασὶν ἐπιχώριον νύμφην· τὰς νύμφας δὲ εἶναι πολὺν μέν τινα ἀριθμὸν βιούσας ἐτῶν, οὐ μέντοι παράπαν γε ἀπηλλαγμένας θανάτου, ποιητῶν ἐστιν ἐς αὐτὰς λόγος.

The first infinitival report (φάναι) contains a parenthetic φασίν with its own accusative-and-infinitive construction; the later εἶναι clause is best analyzed as the subject of λόγος ἐστιν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐδήλωσε	δηλόω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δέ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἐδήλωσε	cc	high
3	μοι	ἐγώ	PRON	P-1DS	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	1 ἐδήλωσε	iobj	high
4	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	5 πρότερα	det	high
5	πρότερα	πρότερος	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 φάναι	obj	medium	Substantivized neuter plural, ‘the earlier part/details’.
6	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 λόγου	det	high
7	λόγου	λόγος	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 πρότερα	nmod	high
8	φάναι	φημί	VERB	V-PAI	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	1 ἐδήλωσε	ccomp	high	Infinitive in reported speech.
9	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	10 Ἀρκάδας	det	high
10	Ἀρκάδας	Ἀρκάς	PROPN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 φάναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of φάναι.
11	Νομίαν	Νομία	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 εἶναι	nsubj	medium	Proper name, accusative subject of εἶναι.
12	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PXN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	8 φάναι	xcomp	high
13	φασὶν	φημί	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	12 εἶναι	parataxis	medium	Parenthetic/main-verb-like φασίν governs the following predicate complement.
14	ἐπιχώριον	ἐπιχώριος	ADJ	A-ASF	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 νύμφην	amod	high
15	νύμφην	νύμφη	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 εἶναι	xcomp	high	Predicate accusative with εἶναι.
16	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	8 φάναι	punct	high
17	τὰς	ὁ	DET	T-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	18 νύμφας	det	high
18	νύμφας	νύμφη	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	20 εἶναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the second εἶναι.
19	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	20 εἶναι	cc	high
20	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PXN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	39 λόγος	csubj	medium	Infinitive clause functioning as subject of λόγος ἐστιν.
21	πολὺν	πολύς	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 ἀριθμὸν	amod	high
22	μέν	μέν	PART	PRT	_	24 ἀριθμὸν	discourse	high
23	τινα	τις	DET	X-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	24 ἀριθμὸν	det	high
24	ἀριθμὸν	ἀριθμός	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 εἶναι	obj	high
25	βιούσας	βιόω	VERB	V-AAP-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	18 νύμφας	acl	high	Accusative participle agreeing with νύμφας.
26	ἐτῶν	ἔτος	NOUN	N-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	24 ἀριθμὸν	nmod	high	Genitive of measure/duration.
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 εἶναι	punct	high
28	οὐ	οὐ	PART	PRT-N	Polarity=Neg	32 ἀπηλλαγμένας	advmod	high
29	μέντοι	μέντοι	PART	PRT	_	32 ἀπηλλαγμένας	discourse	high
30	παράπαν	παράπαν	ADV	ADV	_	32 ἀπηλλαγμένας	advmod	high	Adverb meaning ‘altogether/in any way’.
31	γε	γε	PART	PRT	_	32 ἀπηλλαγμένας	discourse	high
32	ἀπηλλαγμένας	ἀπαλλάσσω	VERB	V-RPP-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	20 εἶναι	xcomp	high	Predicate participle with εἶναι, agreeing with νύμφας.
33	θανάτου	θάνατος	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 ἀπηλλαγμένας	obl	high	Genitive complement of ἀπαλλάσσω.
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	39 λόγος	punct	high
35	ποιητῶν	ποιητής	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	39 λόγος	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on λόγος, ‘poets’ account/report’.
36	ἐστιν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	39 λόγος	cop	high
37	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	38 αὐτὰς	case	high
38	αὐτὰς	αὐτός	PRON	P-3APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	39 λόγος	obl	high
39	λόγος	λόγος	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	36 ἐστιν	nsubj	high	Predicate nominal of ἐστιν; governs the infinitival subject clause.
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐδήλωσε	punct	high

Sentence 4

10.31.10 sentence 4

Tokens: 26
Input: 817
Output: 1,902
Total: 2,719

μετὰ δὲ τὴν Καλλιστὼ καὶ ὅσαι σὺν ἐκείνῃ γυναῖκες, κρημνοῦ τε σχῆμά ἐστι καὶ ὁ Αἰόλου Σίσυφος ἀνῶσαι πρὸς τὸν κρημνὸν βιαζόμενος τὴν πέτραν.

The sentence is an elliptical identification: after μετὰ, Καλλιστώ and the women with her are understood as the figures represented; κρημνοῦ σχῆμα is a genitive phrase, while Σίσυφος is appositional to ὁ Αἰόλου and governs the infinitive ἀνῶσαι, with βιαζόμενος agreeing with Σίσυφος.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	4 Καλλιστὼ	case	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C	_	14 ἐστι	cc	high
3	τὴν	ὁ	DET	S-PAI	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	4 Καλλιστὼ	det	high
4	Καλλιστὼ	Καλλιστώ	PROPN	N-PAF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἐστι	obl	medium	Part of the μετὰ phrase; elliptical semantic relation to the following identification.
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	9 γυναῖκες	cc	high
6	ὅσαι	ὅσος	PRON	P-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	9 γυναῖκες	det	medium	Relative determiner/pronoun introducing the women with her.
7	σὺν	σύν	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	8 ἐκείνῃ	case	high
8	ἐκείνῃ	ἐκεῖνος	PRON	D-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	9 γυναῖκες	nmod	high
9	γυναῖκες	γυνή	NOUN	N-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	14 ἐστι	nsubj	medium	Subject of the copular identification, coordinated semantically with Καλλιστώ.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 γυναῖκες	punct	high
11	κρημνοῦ	κρημνός	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 σχῆμά	nmod	medium	Genitive dependent on σχῆμα: a cliff-like/form of a cliff.
12	τε	τε	CCONJ	C	_	13 σχῆμά	cc	medium	Postpositive enclitic coordinating the nominal description.
13	σχῆμά	σχῆμα	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 ἐστι	nsubj	medium	Predicate nominative or nominal subject in an elliptical/copular construction.
14	ἐστι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	18 Σίσυφος	cc	high
16	ὁ	ὁ	DET	S-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	18 Σίσυφος	det	high
17	Αἰόλου	Αἴολος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 Σίσυφος	nmod	high	Patronymic/genitival modifier: son of Aeolus.
18	Σίσυφος	Σίσυφος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ἐστι	conj	medium	Coordinated nominal identification, appositional in sense to the preceding description.
19	ἀνῶσαι	ἀνοίγω	VERB	V-AN-	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	18 Σίσυφος	xcomp	medium	Infinitive of pushing/raising the stone; exact lexical analysis of ἀνῶσαι is somewhat uncertain.
20	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	22 κρημνὸν	case	high
21	τὸν	ὁ	DET	S-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	22 κρημνὸν	det	high
22	κρημνὸν	κρημνός	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ἀνῶσαι	obl	high
23	βιαζόμενος	βιάζω	VERB	V-PMP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	18 Σίσυφος	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle agreeing with Σίσυφος.
24	τὴν	ὁ	DET	S-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	25 πέτραν	det	high
25	πέτραν	πέτρα	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 βιαζόμενος	obj	high	Object of βιαζόμενος: forcing/pushing the stone.
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἐστι	punct	high

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