Grammar parses for passage 10.31.11
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ καὶ πίθος ἐν τῇ γραφῇ, πρεσβύτης δὲ ἄνθρωπος, ὁ δὲ ἔτι παῖς, καὶ γυναῖκες, νέα μὲν ὑπὸ τῇ πέτρᾳ, παρὰ δὲ τὸν πρεσβύτην ἐοικυῖα ἐκείνῳ τὴν ἡλικίαν·
The passage is elliptical: several nominative descriptions coordinate with an understood εἰμί. The feminine singular participle ἐοικυῖα is formally mismatched with plural γυναῖκες and likely resumes an implied singular woman; this is marked medium confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular εἰμί. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 πίθος | advmod | high | Additive καί. |
| 4 | πίθος | πίθος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Existential subject. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 γραφῇ | case | high | |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 γραφῇ | det | high | |
| 7 | γραφῇ | γραφή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πίθος | obl | high | Location/context: ἐν τῇ γραφῇ. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | |
| 9 | πρεσβύτης | πρεσβύτης | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἄνθρωπος | nsubj | medium | Nominal description/apposition, with understood εἰμί. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 πρεσβύτης | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἄνθρωπος | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | conj | medium | Second coordinated nominal clause; πρεσβύτης is predicative to ἄνθρωπος. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἄνθρωπος | punct | high | |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | PRON | R-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 16 παῖς | nsubj | medium | Substantival article/pronoun, referring to another depicted male. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 παῖς | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 16 παῖς | advmod | high | |
| 16 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἄνθρωπος | conj | medium | Coordinated nominal description with understood εἰμί. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 παῖς | punct | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 γυναῖκες | cc | high | |
| 19 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 ἔστι | conj | high | Further coordinated subject/nominal clause. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 γυναῖκες | punct | high | |
| 21 | νέα | νέος | ADJ | A-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 γυναῖκες | amod | high | Predicative adjective describing γυναῖκες. |
| 22 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 21 νέα | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; δέ follows at token 28. |
| 23 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 πέτρᾳ | case | high | |
| 24 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 πέτρᾳ | det | high | |
| 25 | πέτρᾳ | πέτρα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 νέα | obl | high | Location with ὑπό. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 πέτρᾳ | punct | high | |
| 27 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 30 πρεσβύτην | case | high | παρά with accusative. |
| 28 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 ἐοικυῖα | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 29 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 πρεσβύτην | det | high | |
| 30 | πρεσβύτην | πρεσβύτης | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἐοικυῖα | obl | high | Object of παρά. |
| 31 | ἐοικυῖα | ἔοικα | VERB | V-RAP-NPF | Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 21 νέα | conj | medium | Perfect active participle, nominative feminine singular; agrees formally with an implied singular referent, despite plural γυναῖκες. |
| 32 | ἐκείνῳ | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | R-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 31 ἐοικυῖα | iobj | high | Dative complement of ἔοικα. |
| 33 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 ἡλικίαν | det | high | |
| 34 | ἡλικίαν | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἐοικυῖα | obl | medium | Accusative of respect with ἔοικα: similar in age. |
| 35 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high |
οἱ μὲν δὴ ἄλλοι φέρουσιν ὕδωρ, τῇ δὲ γραῒ κατεᾶχθαι τὴν ὑδρίαν εἰκάσεις·
The first clause has οἱ ἄλλοι as subject and ὕδωρ as object. In the second clause, τῇ γραῒ is a dative experiencer/possessor with κατεᾶχθαι, an infinitive of καταγνύω (‘be broken’), governed by εἰκάσεις; τὴν ὑδρίαν is its accusative subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T- NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 ἄλλοι | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 5 φέρουσιν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 5 φέρουσιν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 φέρουσιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 5 | φέρουσιν | φέρω | VERB | V-3PAI-P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 φέρουσιν | obj | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 φέρουσιν | punct | high | |
| 8 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 γραῒ | det | high | |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | X | _ | 14 εἰκάσεις | cc | high | |
| 10 | γραῒ | γραῦς | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 κατεᾶχθαι | iobj | medium | Dative experiencer/possessor with the infinitive. |
| 11 | κατεᾶχθαι | καταγνύω | VERB | V-RAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 14 εἰκάσεις | xcomp | medium | Perfect passive infinitive; form and lexical analysis are somewhat uncertain. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ὑδρίαν | det | high | |
| 13 | ὑδρίαν | ὑδρία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 κατεᾶχθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 14 | εἰκάσεις | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-2FAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 5 φέρουσιν | conj | high | |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 εἰκάσεις | punct | high |
ὅσον δὲ ἐν τῷ ὀστράκῳ λοιπόν ἦν τοῦ ὕδατος, ἐκχέουσά ἐστιν αὖθις ἐς τὸν πίθον.
The relative quantity clause ὅσον ... ἦν is fronted and functions as the object/measure of ἐκχέουσα; ἐκχέουσά ἐστιν is a periphrastic present with feminine nominative subject understood from context, likely referring to the vessel/person. The exact antecedent of ὅσον is implicit quantity of water.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅσον | ὅσος | PRON | A-NAP-SNN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 7 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Neuter singular relative quantifier; substantival, referring to the amount remaining. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 7 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 5 ὀστράκῳ | case | high | |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S-DSM---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ὀστράκῳ | det | high | |
| 5 | ὀστράκῳ | ὄστρακον | NOUN | S-NSD---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 6 | λοιπόν | λοιπός | ADV | A-NNS---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | advmod | medium | Adverbial neuter accusative/nominal form meaning ‘remaining’; exact tagging is uncertain. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 12 ἐστιν | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the fronted relative clause. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S-GSN---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ὕδατος | det | high | |
| 9 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | S-GSN---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the quantity expression ὅσον ...; ‘of the water’. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐκχέουσά | ἐκχέω | VERB | V-PAPNSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Feminine nominative present participle in periphrastic construction with ἐστιν; subject is contextually supplied. |
| 12 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Present auxiliary of the periphrastic construction ἐκχέουσά ἐστιν. |
| 13 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D--------- | _ | 11 ἐκχέουσά | advmod | high | |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 16 πίθον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 πίθον | det | high | |
| 16 | πίθον | πίθος | NOUN | S-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐκχέουσά | obl | high | Goal complement of ἐκχέω with ἐς. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἐτεκμαιρόμεθα δʼ εἶναι καὶ τούτους τῶν τὰ δρώμενα Ἐλευσῖνι ἐν οὐδενὶ θεμένων λόγῳ·
The infinitival clause εἶναι τούτους is the complement of ἐτεκμαιρόμεθα; τῶν ... θεμένων λόγῳ is a genitive plural substantivized participial phrase, with τὰ δρώμενα as its accusative object and Ἐλευσῖνι as a dative complement. The attachment of λόγῳ is somewhat elliptical but is best read with θεμένων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐτεκμαιρόμεθα | τεκμαίρομαι | VERB | V-PMI-1P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐτεκμαιρόμεθα | cc | high | Apocopated/elided form of δέ. |
| 3 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἐτεκμαιρόμεθα | xcomp | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 τούτους | cc | high | Coordinates the pronoun with an understood/coordinated complement. |
| 5 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | P-DAP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 θεμένων | det | high | Article substantivizing the participial phrase. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 δρώμενα | det | high | |
| 8 | δρώμενα | δράω | VERB | V-PPP-NA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 12 θεμένων | obj | high | Substantivized/passive participle, ‘the things being done’. |
| 9 | Ἐλευσῖνι | Ἐλευσίς | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 δρώμενα | obl | medium | Dative of location or reference with δρώμενα. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 λόγῳ | case | high | |
| 11 | οὐδενὶ | οὐδείς | PRON | P-DMN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 λόγῳ | det | medium | Dative masculine/neuter form; agrees semantically with λόγῳ, though the phrase is idiomatic/elliptical. |
| 12 | θεμένων | τίθημι | VERB | V-AMP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 3 εἶναι | nmod | high | Genitive plural participle governed by the substantivizing τῶν. |
| 13 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 θεμένων | obl | medium | Dative phrase with ἐν; exact semantic attachment is elliptical. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐτεκμαιρόμεθα | punct | high |
οἱ γὰρ ἀρχαιότεροι τῶν Ἑλλήνων τελετὴν τὴν Ἐλευσινίαν πάντων ὁπόσα ἐς εὐσέβειαν ἥκει τοσούτῳ ἦγον ἐντιμότερον ὅσῳ καὶ θεοὺς ἐπίπροσθεν ἡρώων.
The main construction is ἀρχαιότεροι ... ἦγον τελετήν ἐντιμότερον τοσούτῳ ... ὅσῳ: ‘the earlier Greeks held the Eleusinian rite in higher honor to the extent that they placed gods before heroes.’ The relative clause with ὁπόσα is syntactically compressed, and the comparative clause contains an ellipsis around ἐπίπροσθεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀρχαιότεροι | det | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | C-------- | _ | 15 ἦγον | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | ἀρχαιότεροι | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A--NMP-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἦγον | nsubj | high | Substantivized comparative. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GM-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N--GMP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀρχαιότεροι | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with the substantivized comparative. |
| 6 | τελετὴν | τελετή | NOUN | N--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἦγον | obj | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ἐλευσινίαν | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἐλευσινίαν | Ἐλευσίνιος | ADJ | A--AFS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 τελετὴν | amod | high | Ethnic/ritual adjective modifying τελετήν. |
| 9 | πάντων | πᾶς | ADJ | A--GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ὁπόσα | nmod | medium | Substantivized genitive, ‘of all things’; scope with ὁπόσα. |
| 10 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | P--NNA-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἥκει | nsubj | medium | Free-relative neuter plural, ‘all things that’; πάντων is associated genitive. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 εὐσέβειαν | case | high | |
| 12 | εὐσέβειαν | εὐσέβεια | NOUN | N--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἥκει | obl | high | Accusative of direction/domain with ἐς. |
| 13 | ἥκει | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ὁπόσα | acl:relcl | medium | Relative predicate; agreement is attracted to the understood singular notion despite neuter plural ὁπόσα. |
| 14 | τοσούτῳ | τοσοῦτος | DET | A--DNS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 16 ἐντιμότερον | advmod | high | Correlative degree modifier with ὅσῳ. |
| 15 | ἦγον | ἄγω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | ἐντιμότερον | ἔντιμος | ADJ | A--ANS-C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἦγον | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative complement of τελετήν. |
| 17 | ὅσῳ | ὅσος | PRON | P--DNS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 θεοὺς | advmod | medium | Correlative comparative clause marker, ‘by as much as’; elliptical with ἐπίπροσθεν. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 θεοὺς | cc | high | |
| 19 | θεοὺς | θεός | NOUN | N--AMP-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἐπίπροσθεν | obl | medium | Accusative in the comparative clause, governed by the elliptical notion ‘put before’. |
| 20 | ἐπίπροσθεν | ἐπίπροσθεν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 ὅσῳ | advcl | medium | Comparative adverbial predicate, with θεούς understood as object of an elided verb. |
| 21 | ἡρώων | ἥρως | NOUN | N--GMP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἐπίπροσθεν | obl | high | Genitive of comparison after ἐπίπροσθεν. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἦγον | punct | high |