Grammar parses for passage 10.31.7
Open translation for this passage
παρὰ δὲ τῷ Μέμνονι καὶ παῖς Αἰθίοψ πεποίηται γυμνός, ὅτι ὁ Μέμνων βασιλεὺς ἦν τοῦ Αἰθιόπων γένους.
Παρά with the dative introduces the location/context at Memnon's monument; παῖς Αἰθίοψ is the subject of the perfect passive πεποίηται, with γυμνός as a predicative adjective. ὅτι introduces the causal clause; τοῦ Αἰθιόπων γένους is a genitive phrase dependent on βασιλεύς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 Μέμνονι | case | high | With dative τῷ Μέμνονι, locative/contextual. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 πεποίηται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Μέμνονι | det | high | |
| 4 | Μέμνονι | Μέμνων | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πεποίηται | obl | high | Dative governed by παρά. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 παῖς | cc | high | Coordinates the subject phrase. |
| 6 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πεποίηται | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive πεποίηται. |
| 7 | Αἰθίοψ | Αἰθίοψ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παῖς | appos | high | Apposition specifying the boy's ethnicity. |
| 8 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RIM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect passive: 'has been made/represented'. |
| 9 | γυμνός | γυμνός | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πεποίηται | xcomp | high | Predicative secondary complement of the passive verb. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 πεποίηται | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἦν | mark | high | Causal subordinator. |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Μέμνων | det | high | |
| 13 | Μέμνων | Μέμνων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with copular ἦν. |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 πεποίηται | advcl | high | Causal subordinate clause headed by ὅτι. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 γένους | det | high | |
| 17 | Αἰθιόπων | Αἰθίοψ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 γένους | nmod | high | Genitive ethnic noun modifying γένους. |
| 18 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 βασιλεὺς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βασιλεύς: king of the Ethiopian race. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 πεποίηται | punct | high |
ἀφίκετο μέντοι ἐς Ἴλιον οὐκ ἀπʼ Αἰθιοπίας ἀλλὰ ἐκ Σούσων τῶν Περσικῶν καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ Χοάσπου ποταμοῦ, τὰ ἔθνη πάντα ὅσα ᾤκει μεταξὺ ὑποχείρια πεποιημένος·
The final perfect participle is circumstantial with implicit subject matching ἀφίκετο; ἔθνη is its object and ὑποχείρια is predicative. The relative ὅσα ᾤκει modifies ἔθνη, with singular ᾤκει reflecting a collective reading.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-3SG-AOR-MID-IND | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | μέντοι | μέντοι | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἀφίκετο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Ἴλιον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | Ἴλιον | Ἴλιον | PROPN | N-ACC-SG-NEU | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | |
| 5 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART-NEG | Polarity=Neg | 6 ἀπʼ | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Αἰθιοπίας | case | high | Elided form of ἀπό. |
| 7 | Αἰθιοπίας | Αἰθιοπία | PROPN | N-GEN-SG-FEM | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | |
| 8 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἀπʼ | cc | high | Coordinates the contrasted source phrase. |
| 9 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 Σούσων | case | high | |
| 10 | Σούσων | Σοῦσα | PROPN | N-GEN-PL-FEM | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GEN-PL | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 12 Περσικῶν | det | high | |
| 12 | Περσικῶν | Περσικός | ADJ | A-GEN-PL | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 10 Σούσων | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, agreeing with Σούσων. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἀπὸ | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 Χοάσπου | case | high | |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GEN-SG-MASC | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Χοάσπου | det | high | |
| 16 | Χοάσπου | Χόασπος | PROPN | N-GEN-SG-MASC | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ποταμοῦ | nmod | high | |
| 17 | ποταμοῦ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-GEN-SG-MASC | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Head noun of the ἀπό phrase; Χοάσπου is its dependent name. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | |
| 19 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-ACC-PL-NEU | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἔθνη | det | high | |
| 20 | ἔθνη | ἔθνος | NOUN | N-ACC-PL-NEU | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 πεποιημένος | obj | high | Object of πεποιημένος. |
| 21 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ACC-PL-NEU | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἔθνη | amod | high | |
| 22 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | REL-ACC-PL-NEU | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ᾤκει | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ᾤκει; its antecedent is ἔθνη. |
| 23 | ᾤκει | οἰκέω | VERB | V-3SG-IMPF-ACT-IND | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 20 ἔθνη | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying ἔθνη; singular agrees with collective antecedent. |
| 24 | μεταξὺ | μεταξύ | ADV | ADV | _ | 23 ᾤκει | advmod | medium | Adverbial 'in between/among'; exact scope is somewhat flexible. |
| 25 | ὑποχείρια | ὑποχείριος | ADJ | A-ACC-PL-NEU | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἔθνη | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with πεποιημένος, agreeing with ἔθνη. |
| 26 | πεποιημένος | ποιέω | VERB | V-NOM-SG-MASC-PERF-MP-PPL | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=MidPass | 1 ἀφίκετο | advcl | high | Perfect middle/passive participle agreeing with the implicit subject of ἀφίκετο. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀφίκετο | punct | high |
Φρύγες δὲ καὶ τὴν ὁδὸν ἔτι ἀποφαίνουσι διʼ ἧς τὴν στρατιὰν ἤγαγε τὰ ἐπίτομα ἐκλεγόμενος τῆς χώρας·
The relative clause διʼ ἧς ... ἤγαγε modifies ὁδόν; τὰ ἐπίτομα is a substantivized neuter plural accusative, object of ἐκλεγόμενος, with τῆς χώρας dependent on it. The subject of ἤγαγε is implicit and understood as the same male leader referred to contextually.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φρύγες | Φρύξ | PROPN | N-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | nsubj | high | Ethnic name functioning as the subject of ἀποφαίνουσι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ὁδὸν | cc | medium | Likely additive connective; may scope over the object phrase. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S----AFN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὁδὸν | det | high | |
| 5 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N----AFN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀποφαίνουσι. |
| 6 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀποφαίνουσι. |
| 7 | ἀποφαίνουσι | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V- PAIA3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 ἧς | case | high | Elided form διά before a vowel. |
| 9 | ἧς | ὅς | PRON | P-SR-GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἤγαγε | obl | high | Relative pronoun governed by διά; antecedent is ὁδόν. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 στρατιὰν | det | high | |
| 11 | στρατιὰν | στρατιά | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἤγαγε | obj | high | Accusative object of ἤγαγε. |
| 12 | ἤγαγε | ἄγω | VERB | V- AIA3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | acl:rel | high | Relative-clause predicate; subject is implicit from context. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S----NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἐπίτομα | det | high | Article with substantivized ἐπίτομα. |
| 14 | ἐπίτομα | ἐπίτομος | ADJ | A----NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἐκλεγόμενος | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, object of ἐκλεγόμενος; means cut-through/short routes or places. |
| 15 | ἐκλεγόμενος | ἐκλέγω | VERB | V- PMPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 12 ἤγαγε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, agreeing with the implicit masculine subject of ἤγαγε. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S----GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 χώρας | det | high | |
| 17 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N----GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπίτομα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on substantivized ἐπίτομα. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | punct | high |
τέτμηται δὲ διὰ τῶν μονῶν ἡ ὁδός.
Passive τέτμηται has ἡ ὁδός as subject; διὰ τῶν μονῶν is a διά-phrase specifying the route through the monasteries/solitary places.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέτμηται | τέμνω | VERB | V3PPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 τέτμηται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | διὰ | διά | ADP | P | _ | 5 μονῶν | case | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | TGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 μονῶν | det | high | |
| 5 | μονῶν | μονή | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 τέτμηται | obl | high | Genitive complement of διά. |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | TGF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ὁδός | det | high | |
| 7 | ὁδός | ὁδός | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 τέτμηται | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 τέτμηται | punct | high |