Grammar parses for passage 10.31.7
Open translation for this passage
παρὰ δὲ τῷ Μέμνονι καὶ παῖς Αἰθίοψ πεποίηται γυμνός, ὅτι ὁ Μέμνων βασιλεὺς ἦν τοῦ Αἰθιόπων γένους.
Main clause says 'beside Memnon there is also a nude Ethiopian boy'; ὅτι-clause gives explanation with copular predicate and a genitive phrase expressing origin/ethnic affiliation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 4 Μέμνονι | case | high | Governed by τῷ Μέμνονι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 πεποίηται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Μέμνονι | det | high | Article with Μέμνονι. |
| 4 | Μέμνονι | Μέμνων | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πεποίηται | obl | high | Dative with παρά. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 παῖς | cc | high | Coordinates παῖς with implicit/linked predicate structure. |
| 6 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πεποίηται | nsubj | medium | Subject of πεποίηται; coordination with Αἰθίοψ treated appositionally. |
| 7 | Αἰθίοψ | Αἰθίοψ | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παῖς | appos | medium | Appositive ethnicon/name modifying παῖς. |
| 8 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 9 | γυμνός | γυμνός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πεποίηται | xcomp | high | Predicative complement to πεποίηται. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 πεποίηται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 15 ἦν | mark | high | Introduces causal clause. |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Μέμνων | det | high | Article with Μέμνων. |
| 13 | Μέμνων | Μέμνων | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 14 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Μέμνων | appos | high | Predicate nominal/apposition with Μέμνων. |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 πεποίηται | advcl | high | Causal finite clause introduced by ὅτι. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 γένους | det | high | Article with γένους. |
| 17 | Αἰθιόπων | Αἰθίοψ | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 γένους | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of γένους. |
| 18 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἦν; could be predicative genitive. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 πεποίηται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Φρύγες δὲ καὶ τὴν ὁδὸν ἔτι ἀποφαίνουσι διʼ ἧς τὴν στρατιὰν ἤγαγε τὰ ἐπίτομα ἐκλεγόμενος τῆς χώρας·
Syntax is mainly straightforward; the only notable uncertainty is the attachment of ἤγαγε, which is probably subordinate to the participle ἐκλεγόμενος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φρύγες | Φρύξ | PROPN | N-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀποφαίνουσι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ὁδὸν | det | high | Article modifying ὁδὸν. |
| 5 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | obj | high | Object of ἀποφαίνουσι. |
| 6 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀποφαίνουσι. |
| 7 | ἀποφαίνουσι | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V--3p-pia- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R-------- | Case=Gen | 9 ἧς | case | high | Preposition governing the relative pronoun. |
| 9 | ἧς | ὅς | PRON | P-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 12 ἤγαγε | obl | high | Relative pronoun governed by διʼ; depends on ἤγαγε. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 στρατιὰν | det | high | Article modifying στρατιὰν. |
| 11 | στρατιὰν | στρατιά | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἤγαγε | obj | high | Direct object of ἤγαγε. |
| 12 | ἤγαγε | ἄγω | VERB | V--3s-aia- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 ἐκλεγόμενος | advcl | medium | Finite verb dependent on ἐκλεγόμενος; clause likely temporal or circumstantial. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ἐπίτομα | det | high | Article modifying ἐπίτομα. |
| 14 | ἐπίτομα | ἐπίτομος | ADJ | A-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἐκλεγόμενος | obj | medium | Likely substantivized adjective, object of ἐκλεγόμενος. |
| 15 | ἐκλεγόμενος | ἐκλέγω | VERB | V--sppmm- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the subject of ἀποφαίνουσι. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 χώρας | det | high | Article modifying χώρας. |
| 17 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐκλεγόμενος | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐκλεγόμενος. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀποφαίνουσι | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
τέτμηται δὲ διὰ τῶν μονῶν ἡ ὁδός.
Straightforward passive clause: ὁδός is the nominative subject of τέτμηται, with διὰ τῶν μονῶν as a prepositional oblique phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέτμηται | τέμνω | VERB | V- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, perfect middle/passive form functioning as the clause root. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PTCL | _ | 1 τέτμηται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R- | Case=Gen | 1 τέτμηται | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive phrase. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 μονῶν | det | high | Definite article modifying μονῶν. |
| 5 | μονῶν | μονή | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 τέτμηται | obl | high | Genitive complement of διὰ. |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ὁδός | det | high | Definite article modifying ὁδός. |
| 7 | ὁδός | ὁδός | NOUN | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 τέτμηται | nsubj:pass | high | Passive subject of τέτμηται. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 τέτμηται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |