Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.32.3

← 10.32.2 10.32.4 →

Passage 10.32.3

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

72Greek tokens

2,395input tokens

5,232output tokens

Sentence 1

10.32.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 32
Input: 878
Output: 2,162
Total: 3,040

ὅσα μὲν γὰρ ἐπί τε αἰγιαλοῖς καὶ ἀγχιβαθεῖ τῇ θαλάσσῃ, τούτων μὲν οὐδὲ ἀριθμὸν ἄν τις ἐθέλων ἐξεύροι, ὀνομαστότατα δὲ ἔν τε Ἕλλησι καὶ ἐν γῇ τῇ βαρβάρων ἐστί·

The sentence contrasts an uncountable class of coastal and near-deep-sea things with those especially renowned among Greeks and in barbarian lands; ἐξεύροι is a potential optative, while ὀνομαστότατα is the neuter plural subject of the final copula.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὅσα	ὅσος	PRON	A--NPA	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	19 ἐξεύροι	nsubj	high	Neuter plural relative pronoun, subject of ἐξεύροι.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	Pt	_	1 ὅσα	discourse	high
3	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	Pt	_	19 ἐξεύροι	discourse	high
4	ἐπί	ἐπί	ADP	R	_	6 αἰγιαλοῖς	case	high	Here governing dative.
5	τε	τε	PART	Pt	_	4 ἐπί	cc	high	Correlative τε with later καί.
6	αἰγιαλοῖς	αἰγιαλός	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ἀγχιβαθεῖ	obl	high
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	8 ἀγχιβαθεῖ	cc	high
8	ἀγχιβαθεῖ	ἀγχιβαθής	ADJ	A--DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 θαλάσσῃ	amod	medium	Predicative/locative adjective modifying θαλάσσῃ; coordinated phrase is elliptical in relation to ἐπί.
9	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 θαλάσσῃ	det	high
10	θαλάσσῃ	θάλασσα	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 ἐξεύροι	obl	medium	Dative governed by ἐπί across the coordinated phrase; adjective ἀγχιβαθεῖ modifies it.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἐξεύροι	punct	high
12	τούτων	οὗτος	PRON	A--GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 ἀριθμὸν	nmod	high	Partitive genitive with ἀριθμόν.
13	μὲν	μέν	PART	Pt	_	12 τούτων	discourse	high	Correlative μέν with δέ.
14	οὐδὲ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	C-	_	15 ἀριθμὸν	cc	high	Negative additive conjunction.
15	ἀριθμὸν	ἀριθμός	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ἐξεύροι	obj	high
16	ἄν	ἄν	PART	Pt	_	19 ἐξεύροι	aux	high	Modal particle with optative.
17	τις	τις	PRON	P---NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	19 ἐξεύροι	nsubj	high
18	ἐθέλων	ἐθέλω	VERB	V-PAPNSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	17 τις	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle agreeing with τις.
19	ἐξεύροι	ἐξευρίσκω	VERB	V-2A-AOS3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	31 ἐστί	ccomp	high	Potential optative in subordinate relative clause; main copula follows.
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	31 ἐστί	punct	high
21	ὀνομαστότατα	ὀνομαστός	ADJ	A--NPN-S	Case=Nom\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	31 ἐστί	nsubj	high	Neuter plural superlative subject of ἐστί, with understood referent.
22	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C-	_	31 ἐστί	cc	high	Contrasts the preceding μέν clause.
23	ἔν	ἐν	ADP	R	_	25 Ἕλλησι	case	high
24	τε	τε	PART	Pt	_	23 ἔν	cc	high	Correlative τε with καί.
25	Ἕλλησι	Ἕλλην	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	31 ἐστί	obl	high	Dative of sphere with ἐν.
26	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	31 ἐστί	cc	high
27	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R	_	28 γῇ	case	high
28	γῇ	γῆ	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	31 ἐστί	obl	high
29	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 γῇ	det	high
30	βαρβάρων	βάρβαρος	ADJ	A--GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	28 γῇ	nmod	medium	Substantivized adjective, genitive plural: land of the barbarians.
31	ἐστί	εἰμί	AUX	V-PIA3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
32	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	31 ἐστί	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.32.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 30
Input: 870
Output: 2,301
Total: 3,171

Φρύγες οἱ ἐπὶ ποταμῷ Πεγκέλᾳ, τὰ δὲ ἄνωθεν ἐξ Ἀρκαδίας καὶ Ἀζάνων ἐς ταύτην ἀφικόμενοι τὴν χώραν, δεικνύουσιν ἄντρον καλούμενον Στεῦνος περιφερές τε καὶ ὕψους ἔχον εὐπρεπῶς·

The participial phrase ἀφικόμενοι ... τὴν χώραν is a nominative plural masculine modifier of the subject Φρύγες; τὰ ἄνωθεν is an elliptical accusative neuter plural phrase, likely ‘the [people/territory] above’, coordinated with the preceding designation. The final participles/adjectives describe the shown cave; ἔχον has an uncertain syntactic relation, probably coordinated with καλούμενον/περιφερές.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Φρύγες	Φρύξ	PROPN	N--VMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 δεικνύουσιν	nsubj	high	Ethnic name functioning as subject.
2	οἱ	ὁ	DET	P--NM-P	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 Φρύγες	det	high	Article substantivizing or introducing the locative modifier.
3	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	4 ποταμῷ	case	high	Takes dative here, ‘by/on’.
4	ποταμῷ	ποταμός	NOUN	N--DSM---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	2 οἱ	nmod	high	Object of ἐπί.
5	Πεγκέλᾳ	Πεγκέλας	PROPN	N--DSM---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 ποταμῷ	appos	medium	River name in apposition to ποταμῷ; inflection and lemma are somewhat uncertain.
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 δεικνύουσιν	punct	high
7	τὰ	ὁ	DET	P--NAN-P	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	9 ἄνωθεν	obl	medium	Elliptical accusative neuter plural phrase with ἄνωθεν; exact head noun is omitted.
8	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	20 δεικνύουσιν	cc	high	Adversative/coordinating connective.
9	ἄνωθεν	ἄνωθεν	ADV	D--------	_	16 ἀφικόμενοι	advmod	medium	Adverbial ‘from above’; with τὰ forms an elliptical phrase.
10	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	11 Ἀρκαδίας	case	high	Preposition governing genitive.
11	Ἀρκαδίας	Ἀρκαδία	PROPN	N--G-S---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἀφικόμενοι	obl	high	Source with ἐξ.
12	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	13 Ἀζάνων	cc	high	Coordinates the two source names.
13	Ἀζάνων	Ἀζᾶνες	PROPN	N--G-P---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 Ἀρκαδίας	conj	medium	Genitive plural ethnic/place name coordinated with Ἀρκαδίας.
14	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	15 ταύτην	case	high	Preposition governing accusative.
15	ταύτην	οὗτος	DET	P--AFS---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 χώραν	det	high	Demonstrative determiner.
16	ἀφικόμενοι	ἀφικνέομαι	VERB	V-AOP-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	20 δεικνύουσιν	advcl	high	Aorist middle participle agreeing with Φρύγες.
17	τὴν	ὁ	DET	P--AFS---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 χώραν	det	high
18	χώραν	χώρα	NOUN	N--AFS---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἀφικόμενοι	obj	high	Goal/object associated with ἀφικόμενοι, with ἐς understood or incorporated in the construction.
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 δεικνύουσιν	punct	high
20	δεικνύουσιν	δεικνύω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
21	ἄντρον	ἄντρον	NOUN	N--ASN---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 δεικνύουσιν	obj	high	Object of δεικνύουσιν.
22	καλούμενον	καλέω	VERB	V-PPP-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	21 ἄντρον	acl	high	Passive participle modifying ἄντρον.
23	Στεῦνος	Στεῦνος	PROPN	N--NSN---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	22 καλούμενον	xcomp	medium	Predicate name with καλούμενον; expected case may be nominative in naming construction.
24	περιφερές	περιφερής	ADJ	A--NSN---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 ἄντρον	amod	medium	Predicative adjective describing the cave; nominative form is textually/syntactically irregular beside accusative ἄντρον.
25	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	24 περιφερές	cc	high	First member of τε ... καί coordination.
26	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	28 ἔχον	cc	high	Second coordinator in τε ... καί.
27	ὕψους	ὕψος	NOUN	N--GSN---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 ἔχον	obl	high	Genitive of measure/content with ἔχον.
28	ἔχον	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAP-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	24 περιφερές	conj	low	Likely coordinated descriptive participle, but its nominative form and attachment are syntactically difficult.
29	εὐπρεπῶς	εὐπρεπῶς	ADV	D--------	_	28 ἔχον	advmod	medium	Adverb modifying ἔχον or the descriptive predicate generally.
30	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	20 δεικνύουσιν	punct	high

Sentence 3

10.32.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 10
Input: 647
Output: 769
Total: 1,416

Μητρὸς δέ ἐστιν ἱερόν, καὶ ἄγαλμα Μητρὸς πεποίηται.

Two coordinated clauses: Μητρὸς is a genitive of possession/source with ἱερόν; in the second clause Μητρὸς is a genitive attribute with ἄγαλμα, while πεποίηται is perfect middle/passive 3sg, likely ‘has been made’ or ‘is made’.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Μητρὸς	μήτηρ	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 ἱερόν	nmod	high
2	δέ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	3 ἐστιν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἐστιν	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
4	ἱερόν	ἱερόν	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	3 ἐστιν	nsubj	high	Substantivized neuter adjective/noun, predicate subject.
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἐστιν	punct	high
6	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	9 πεποίηται	cc	high	Coordinates the second clause.
7	ἄγαλμα	ἄγαλμα	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	9 πεποίηται	nsubj:pass	medium	Subject of the passive/middle predicate.
8	Μητρὸς	μήτηρ	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἄγαλμα	nmod	high	Genitive attributive: ‘statue of the Mother’.
9	πεποίηται	ποιέω	VERB	V-RMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Mid	3 ἐστιν	conj	medium	Perfect middle/passive form; passive sense is likely, but middle interpretation is morphologically possible.
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἐστιν	punct	high

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