Grammar parses for passage 10.32.7
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ ἄντρον τὸ Κωρύκιον μεγέθει τε ὑπερβάλλει τὰ εἰρημένα καὶ ἔστιν ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ὁδεῦσαι διʼ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἄνευ λαμπτήρων·
The subject τὸ ἄντρον is modified by the appositional/name phrase τὸ Κωρύκιον; μεγέθει is a dative of respect. ἔστιν introduces an impersonal infinitival construction (ὁδεῦσαι), with ἐπὶ πλεῖστον indicating the greatest extent/distance and διʼ αὐτοῦ its route.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἄντρον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ὑπερβάλλει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄντρον | ἄντρον | NOUN | N-S-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ὑπερβάλλει | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 Κωρύκιον | det | high | Article with the proper-name adjective. |
| 5 | Κωρύκιον | Κωρύκιος | PROPN | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἄντρον | appos | medium | Proper-name adjective agreeing with ἄντρον; article is conventionally retained with the name. |
| 6 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ὑπερβάλλει | obl | high | Dative of respect/extent. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ὑπερβάλλει | cc | high | Correlative τε with later καί. |
| 8 | ὑπερβάλλει | ὑπερβάλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 εἰρημένα | det | high | |
| 10 | εἰρημένα | λέγω | VERB | V-RPP-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 ὑπερβάλλει | obj | high | Substantivized perfect passive participle, “the things mentioned.” |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἔστιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate with ὑπερβάλλει. |
| 12 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ὑπερβάλλει | conj | medium | Existential/impersonal predicate introducing the infinitive. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 πλεῖστον | case | high | |
| 14 | πλεῖστον | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASN-SUP | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ὁδεῦσαι | obl | high | Neuter superlative adverbial accusative with ἐπί. |
| 15 | ὁδεῦσαι | ὁδεύω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 ἔστιν | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on impersonal ἔστιν; exact construction is somewhat elliptical. |
| 16 | διʼ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Elided before vowel. |
| 17 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 15 ὁδεῦσαι | obl | high | Refers to the cave; masculine form may reflect the masculine noun understood with αὐτοῦ or textual usage. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 λαμπτήρων | cc | high | Coordinates the second prepositional adjunct. |
| 19 | ἄνευ | ἄνευ | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 λαμπτήρων | case | high | |
| 20 | λαμπτήρων | λαμπτήρ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ὁδεῦσαι | obl | high | |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὑπερβάλλει | punct | high |
ὅ τε ὄροφος ἐς αὔταρκες ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐδάφους ἀνέστηκε, καὶ ὕδωρ τὸ μὲν ἀνερχόμενον ἐκ πηγῶν, πλέον δὲ ἔτι ἀπὸ τοῦ ὀρόφου στάζει, ὥστε καὶ δῆλα ἐν τῷ ἐδάφει σταλαγμῶν τὰ ἴχνη διὰ παντός ἐστι τοῦ ἄντρου.
The sentence has coordinated clauses: the roof stands high enough from the ground, and water drips from the roof; ὥστε introduces a result clause whose subject is τὰ ἴχνη, with δῆλα as predicate adjective and ἐστι as copula. The neuter singular πλέον is adverbial/elliptical (‘more [water]’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | P-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 3 ὄροφος | det | medium | Relative/article-like form modifying ὄροφος; syntactically demonstrative/relative nuance is uncertain. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 3 ὄροφος | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὄροφος | ὄροφος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνέστηκε | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 5 αὔταρκες | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 5 | αὔταρκες | αὐτάρκης | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνέστηκε | obl | medium | Accusative of extent/measure with ἐς, likely ‘to a sufficient height’; form is neuter singular. |
| 6 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 8 ἐδάφους | case | high | |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ἐδάφους | det | high | |
| 8 | ἐδάφους | ἔδαφος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνέστηκε | obl | high | |
| 9 | ἀνέστηκε | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active with stative meaning ‘stands/has risen’. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 9 ἀνέστηκε | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 25 στάζει | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite clause. |
| 12 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 στάζει | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἀνερχόμενον | det | high | Article with the participial phrase τὸ ἀνερχόμενον. |
| 14 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 15 ἀνερχόμενον | advmod | high | Correlative μέν, answered by δέ at token 20. |
| 15 | ἀνερχόμενον | ἀνέρχομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 12 ὕδωρ | acl | high | Substantivized/attributive participle referring to water. |
| 16 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 17 πηγῶν | case | high | |
| 17 | πηγῶν | πηγή | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἀνερχόμενον | obl | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 15 ἀνερχόμενον | punct | high | |
| 19 | πλέον | πολύς | ADV | A-NSN | Degree=Cmp | 25 στάζει | advmod | medium | Adverbial/elliptical neuter comparative: ‘more [water]’. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 25 στάζει | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 21 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 19 πλέον | advmod | high | Further modifies the comparative πλέον. |
| 22 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 24 ὀρόφου | case | high | |
| 23 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 ὀρόφου | det | high | |
| 24 | ὀρόφου | ὄροφος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 στάζει | obl | high | |
| 25 | στάζει | στάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἀνέστηκε | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 25 στάζει | punct | high | |
| 27 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | C | _ | 38 ἐστι | mark | high | Introduces a result clause. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D | _ | 29 δῆλα | advmod | high | Adverbial ‘also/even’. |
| 29 | δῆλα | δῆλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 38 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with copula ἐστι; agrees with τὰ ἴχνη. |
| 30 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 32 ἐδάφει | case | high | |
| 31 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 32 ἐδάφει | det | high | |
| 32 | ἐδάφει | ἔδαφος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 38 ἐστι | obl | high | |
| 33 | σταλαγμῶν | σταλαγμός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 ἴχνη | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἴχνη, ‘traces of drops’. |
| 34 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 35 ἴχνη | det | high | |
| 35 | ἴχνη | ἴχνος | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 38 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Subject of the copular result clause. |
| 36 | διὰ | διά | ADP | P | _ | 37 παντός | case | high | With genitive, ‘throughout’. |
| 37 | παντός | πᾶς | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 38 ἐστι | obl | high | Substantivized/elliptical with διά: ‘throughout the whole [cave]’. |
| 38 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 στάζει | advcl | high | Copula of the ὥστε result clause. |
| 39 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 40 ἄντρου | det | high | |
| 40 | ἄντρου | ἄντρον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 παντός | nmod | high | Elliptical complement of παντός: ‘of the cave’. |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 9 ἀνέστηκε | punct | high |
ἱερὸν δὲ αὐτὸ οἱ περὶ τὸν Παρνασσὸν Κωρυκίων τε εἶναι Νυμφῶν καὶ Πανὸς μάλιστα ἥγηνται.
The construction is an accusative-and-infinitive complement of ἥγηνται: αὐτὸ ἱερόν εἶναι, with οἱ περὶ τὸν Παρνασσόν as the understood judging subject; Νυμφῶν καὶ Πανός are genitives specifying the sanctuary's divine associations.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἥγηνται | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective in the infinitival complement. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἥγηνται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 ἱερὸν | nsubj | medium | Neuter nominative subject/predicate-construction pronoun, referring to the sanctuary. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 περὶ | det | high | Article substantivizing the following prepositional phrase: those around Parnassus. |
| 5 | περὶ | περί | ADP | P | _ | 15 ἥγηνται | obl | high | Preposition governing τὸν Παρνασσόν; οἱ περὶ τὸν Παρνασσόν is the human subject of ἥγηνται. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Παρνασσὸν | det | high | Article with Παρνασσόν. |
| 7 | Παρνασσὸν | Παρνασσός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 περὶ | obl | high | Object of περί. |
| 8 | Κωρυκίων | Κωρύκιος | ADJ | A-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 Νυμφῶν | amod | medium | Ethnic adjective modifying Νυμφῶν: Corycian nymphs. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 καὶ | cc | medium | Correlative enclitic coordinating the two genitive complements. |
| 10 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἥγηνται | xcomp | high | Infinitive in an accusative-and-infinitive complement. |
| 11 | Νυμφῶν | Νύμφη | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 εἶναι | nmod | high | Genitive complement specifying the divinities associated with the sanctuary. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 Νυμφῶν | cc | high | Coordinates Νυμφῶν and Πανός. |
| 13 | Πανὸς | Πάν | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Νυμφῶν | conj | high | Genitive coordinated with Νυμφῶν; name of Pan. |
| 14 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | Degree=Sup | 15 ἥγηνται | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἥγηνται. |
| 15 | ἥγηνται | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-RMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect middle/passive form, here active in sense: they consider/judge. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἥγηνται | punct | high |
ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Κωρυκίου χαλεπὸν ἤδη καὶ ἀνδρὶ εὐζώνῳ πρὸς τὰ ἄκρα ἀφικέσθαι τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ·
Impersonal χαλεπόν governs the articular infinitive ἀφικέσθαι; ἀνδρί εὐζώνῳ is a dative of respect/agent, and πρὸς τὰ ἄκρα τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ marks the destination. Κωρύκιον is a substantivized neuter adjective, governed by ἀπό.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 13 ἀφικέσθαι | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἀφικέσθαι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Κωρυκίου | det | high | |
| 4 | Κωρυκίου | Κωρύκιος | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφικέσθαι | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘the Corycian [cave/place]’. |
| 5 | χαλεπὸν | χαλεπός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal predicate adjective with infinitival subject. |
| 6 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 χαλεπὸν | advmod | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἀνδρὶ | advmod | medium | Adverbial ‘even’, modifying ἀνδρί. |
| 8 | ἀνδρὶ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφικέσθαι | obl | high | Dative of respect/agent with the impersonal construction. |
| 9 | εὐζώνῳ | εὔζωνος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνδρὶ | amod | high | |
| 10 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 12 ἄκρα | case | high | |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 ἄκρα | det | high | |
| 12 | ἄκρα | ἄκρον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἀφικέσθαι | obl | high | Destination complement of πρός. |
| 13 | ἀφικέσθαι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-ANM | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 5 χαλεπὸν | nsubj | high | Articular infinitive subject is implicit; article is omitted in the supplied tokenization. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Παρνασσοῦ | det | high | |
| 15 | Παρνασσοῦ | Παρνασσός | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἄκρα | nmod | high | |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 5 χαλεπὸν | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ νεφῶν τέ ἐστιν ἀνωτέρω τὰ ἄκρα καὶ αἱ Θυιάδες ἐπὶ τούτοις τῷ Διονύσῳ καὶ τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι μαίνονται.
The copular clause has τὰ ἄκρα as subject and ἀνωτέρω as predicate adverbial, with νεφῶν a genitive dependent on ἄκρα; Θυιάδες is the subject of the coordinated finite verb μαίνονται, and ἐπὶ τούτοις governs the dative objects of μανία.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T---NA--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἄκρα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 μαίνονται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | νεφῶν | νέφος | NOUN | N-----G-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἄκρα | nmod | high | |
| 4 | τέ | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἄκρα | cc | medium | Correlative/coordinating particle; exact scope is somewhat unclear. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἄκρα | cop | high | |
| 6 | ἀνωτέρω | ἄνω | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Cmp | 8 ἄκρα | advmod | high | Comparative adverb functioning as the predicate of the copular clause. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T---NA--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἄκρα | det | high | |
| 8 | ἄκρα | ἄκρον | NOUN | N-----N-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 μαίνονται | nsubj | medium | Subject of ἐστιν; coordinated with the following clause by καὶ. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 μαίνονται | cc | high | |
| 10 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T---NF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 Θυιάδες | det | high | |
| 11 | Θυιάδες | Θυιάς | PROPN | N-----N-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 μαίνονται | nsubj | high | Subject of μαίνονται. |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 τούτοις | case | high | |
| 13 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | P-----D-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 μαίνονται | obl | medium | Dative after ἐπί; refers to the heights/peaks. |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T---MD--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Διονύσῳ | det | high | |
| 15 | Διονύσῳ | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N-----D-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 μαίνονται | obl | high | Dative complement of μαίνονται. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 Ἀπόλλωνι | cc | high | |
| 17 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T---MD--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀπόλλωνι | det | high | |
| 18 | Ἀπόλλωνι | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-----D-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 μαίνονται | obl | high | Coordinated dative complement of μαίνονται. |
| 19 | μαίνονται | μαίνομαι | VERB | V3PMI-P--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 μαίνονται | punct | high |