Grammar parses for passage 10.32.9
Open translation for this passage
Βάκις μέν γε Τιθορέας τοὺς ἐνθάδε ἐκάλεσεν ἀνθρώπους· Ἡροδότου δὲ ὁ ἐς αὐτοὺς λόγος ἐπιόντος φησὶ τοῦ βαρβάρου τοὺς ἐνταῦθα οἰκοῦντας ἀναφυγεῖν ἐς τὴν κορυφήν, ὄνομα δὲ Νεῶνα μὲν τῇ πόλει, Τιθορέαν δὲ εἶναι τοῦ Παρνασσοῦ τῇ ἄκρᾳ.
Complex reported-speech construction: Ἡροδότου ... λόγος is the source/topic of φησί, with genitive absolute ἐπιόντος τοῦ βαρβάρου; coordinated accusative-and-infinitive clauses follow. The final τῇ ἄκρᾳ is locative/dative, elliptical with εἶναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Βάκις | Βάκις | PROPN | N--SMS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐκάλεσεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐκάλεσεν. |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | X-- -- -- | _ | 7 ἐκάλεσεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | X-- -- -- | _ | 2 μέν | advmod | medium | Emphatic particle attached to μέν. |
| 4 | Τιθορέας | Τιθορέα | PROPN | N--GFS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐκάλεσεν | obl | medium | Genitive of place/source: ‘of Tithorea’; possibly governed semantically by ἐκάλεσεν. |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S--APM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀνθρώπους | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐνθάδε | ἐνθάδε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 ἀνθρώπους | advmod | high | |
| 7 | ἐκάλεσεν | καλέω | VERB | V--AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἀνθρώπους | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N--APM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐκάλεσεν | obj | high | |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐκάλεσεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | Ἡροδότου | Ἡρόδοτος | PROPN | N--GMS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 λόγος | nmod | high | Author/source genitive modifying λόγος. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 φησὶ | cc | high | Connective particle. |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S--NMS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 λόγος | det | high | |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 αὐτοὺς | case | high | |
| 14 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P--APM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 15 λόγος | obl | high | Object of preposition; topic of λόγος. |
| 15 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N--NMS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 φησὶ | nsubj | medium | Subject of φησί; article-plus-noun phrase means ‘the account concerning them’. |
| 16 | ἐπιόντος | ἔπειμι | VERB | V--PAPGMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 βαρβάρου | acl | medium | Genitive absolute participle; lemma ἔπειμι, ‘come upon/advance against’. |
| 17 | φησὶ | φημί | VERB | V-PAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἐκάλεσεν | parataxis | high | Introduces reported speech. |
| 18 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S--GMS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 βαρβάρου | det | high | |
| 19 | βαρβάρου | βάρβαρος | NOUN | A--GMS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπιόντος | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 20 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S--APM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 οἰκοῦντας | det | high | |
| 21 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 22 οἰκοῦντας | advmod | high | |
| 22 | οἰκοῦντας | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAPAPM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 23 ἀναφυγεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive ἀναφυγεῖν. |
| 23 | ἀναφυγεῖν | ἀναφεύγω | VERB | V-2AAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 φησὶ | ccomp | high | Infinitive in reported speech, coordinated semantically with εἶναι. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 κορυφήν | case | high | |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S--AFS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 κορυφήν | det | high | |
| 26 | κορυφήν | κορυφή | NOUN | N--AFS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἀναφυγεῖν | obl | high | Destination of ἀναφυγεῖν. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἀναφυγεῖν | punct | high | |
| 28 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N--NAS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 εἶναι | parataxis | medium | Nominal heading/construction introducing a naming assertion. |
| 29 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 ὄνομα | cc | high | |
| 30 | Νεῶνα | Νεών | PROPN | N--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 πόλει | appos | medium | Accusative name in the naming construction; form/name gender is lexically variable. |
| 31 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-- -- -- | _ | 37 εἶναι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 32 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S--DFS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 πόλει | det | high | |
| 33 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N--DFS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 εἶναι | obl | medium | Dative of reference: ‘for the city’. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ὄνομα | punct | high | |
| 35 | Τιθορέαν | Τιθορέα | PROPN | N--AFS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 36 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 37 εἶναι | cc | high | |
| 37 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 φησὶ | ccomp | high | Second reported infinitival assertion. |
| 38 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S--GMS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 Παρνασσοῦ | det | high | |
| 39 | Παρνασσοῦ | Παρνασσός | PROPN | N--GMS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 ἄκρᾳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄκρᾳ: ‘peak of Parnassus’. |
| 40 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S--DFS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 41 ἄκρᾳ | det | high | |
| 41 | ἄκρᾳ | ἄκρα | NOUN | N--DFS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 εἶναι | obl | medium | Dative of location/reference, likely elliptical ‘on the summit’. |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 φησὶ | punct | high |
ἔοικεν οὖν ἀνὰ χρόνον πρῶτα μὲν δὴ τῇ ἁπάσῃ χώρᾳ, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα, ἐπειδὴ ἀνῳκίσθησαν ἀπὸ τῶν κωμῶν, ἐκνικῆσαι καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ πόλει Τιθορέαν μηδὲ ἔτι Νεῶνα ὀνομάζεσθαι·
ἔοικεν is impersonal ('it seems/appears') with coordinated infinitives ἐκνικῆσαι and ὀνομάζεσθαι; τῇ ἁπάσῃ χώρᾳ and ἐπὶ τῇ πόλει Τιθορέαν are governed by the understood comparison/semantic frame. The exact attachment of ἀνὰ χρόνον is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔοικεν | ἔοικα | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal perfect with present-like meaning. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | 粒 | _ | 1 ἔοικεν | advmod | high | Inferential particle/adverb. |
| 3 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | P | _ | 4 χρόνον | case | high | With accusative χρόνον. |
| 4 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 1 ἔοικεν | obl | medium | Temporal accusative with ἀνά; attachment to the matrix predicate is approximate. |
| 5 | πρῶτα | πρῶτος | ADV | A-NSN | Degree=Pos | 22 ἐκνικῆσαι | advmod | high | Adverbial neuter plural/accusative form, 'first'. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 5 πρῶτα | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered by δέ. |
| 7 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 5 πρῶτα | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 8 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | D-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 10 χώρᾳ | det | high | |
| 9 | ἁπάσῃ | ἅπας | DET | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 10 χώρᾳ | det | high | Feminine dative singular agreeing with χώρᾳ. |
| 10 | χώρᾳ | χώρα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 22 ἐκνικῆσαι | obl | medium | Dative complement in the comparison/semantic frame of ἐκνικῆσαι. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 χώρᾳ | punct | high | |
| 12 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | P | _ | 14 ταῦτα | case | high | With accusative ταῦτα, temporal sequence. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | X | _ | 22 ἐκνικῆσαι | cc | high | Coordinates the second stage with the μέν phrase. |
| 14 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural|PronType=Dem | 22 ἐκνικῆσαι | obl | high | Temporal accusative with μετά. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ταῦτα | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἐπειδὴ | ἐπειδή | SCONJ | C | _ | 17 ἀνῳκίσθησαν | mark | high | Introduces a temporal causal subordinate clause. |
| 17 | ἀνῳκίσθησαν | ἀνοικίζω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Pass | 22 ἐκνικῆσαι | advcl | high | Subject is understood as the inhabitants/people. |
| 18 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 20 κωμῶν | case | high | |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | D-GPF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 20 κωμῶν | det | high | |
| 20 | κωμῶν | κώμη | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 17 ἀνῳκίσθησαν | obl | high | Source phrase with ἀπό. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀνῳκίσθησαν | punct | high | |
| 22 | ἐκνικῆσαι | ἐκνικάω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Act | 1 ἔοικεν | xcomp | high | First coordinated infinitive dependent on ἔοικεν. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 31 ὀνομάζεσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitive. |
| 24 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 26 πόλει | case | high | With dative τῇ πόλει. |
| 25 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | D-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 26 πόλει | det | high | |
| 26 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 31 ὀνομάζεσθαι | obl | high | Dative phrase with ἐπί. |
| 27 | Τιθορέαν | Τιθορέα | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 31 ὀνομάζεσθαι | xcomp | high | Accusative predicate/name complement of ὀνομάζεσθαι. |
| 28 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | X | _ | 31 ὀνομάζεσθαι | cc | high | Negative coordinator, joining the final infinitive. |
| 29 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 31 ὀνομάζεσθαι | advmod | high | 'Still/any longer'. |
| 30 | Νεῶνα | Νεών | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 31 ὀνομάζεσθαι | obj | medium | Accusative name used with ὀνομάζεσθαι; gender/form reflects the toponym Νεών. |
| 31 | ὀνομάζεσθαι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 22 ἐκνικῆσαι | conj | high | Second infinitive coordinated with ἐκνικῆσαι; middle/passive form means 'be called/named'. |
| 32 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔοικεν | punct | high |
Τιθορέᾳ δὲ οἱ ἐπιχώριοι τεθῆναί φασιν ἀπὸ Τιθορέας νύμφης, οἷαι τὸ ἀρχαῖον λόγῳ τῷ ποιητῶν ἐφύοντο ἀπό τε ἄλλων δένδρων καὶ μάλιστα ἀπὸ τῶν δρυῶν.
Τιθορέᾳ is the dative subject-like topic of τεθῆναι in the impersonal construction; οἱ ἐπιχώριοι φασιν governs the infinitive. οἷαι introduces a relative clause referring to νύμφης understood as a class/type, with λόγῳ τῷ ποιητῶν indicating the poetic account/tradition.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τιθορέᾳ | Τιθορέα | PROPN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 τεθῆναί | iobj | medium | Dative with impersonal τεθῆναι; possibly locative/topic dative. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 φασιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐπιχώριοι | det | high | Article substantivizing ἐπιχώριοι. |
| 4 | ἐπιχώριοι | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A--NM-P- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 φασιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 5 | τεθῆναί | τίθημι | VERB | V--RAN-- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 6 φασιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by φασιν. |
| 6 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 νύμφης | case | high | |
| 8 | Τιθορέας | Τιθορέα | PROPN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 νύμφης | nmod | high | |
| 9 | νύμφης | νύμφη | NOUN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 τεθῆναί | obl | high | Source/origin complement of the passive infinitive. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 τεθῆναί | punct | high | |
| 11 | οἷαι | οἷος | ADJ | A--NF- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ἐφύοντο | nsubj | medium | Relative adjective, with plural feminine agreement; antecedent is νύμφαι/νύμφης understood generically. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P---NAS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 13 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A--NAS-- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 λόγῳ | obl | medium | Accusative adverbial phrase, ‘in ancient times’; syntactically dependent on λόγῳ. |
| 14 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐφύοντο | obl | medium | Dative of account/manner: ‘in the account/tradition’. |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | P---DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ποιητῶν | det | high | |
| 16 | ποιητῶν | ποιητής | NOUN | N--GMP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 λόγῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on λόγῳ: ‘of the poets’. |
| 17 | ἐφύοντο | φύω | VERB | V-IMI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 11 οἷαι | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate; middle voice has intransitive/grow meaning. |
| 18 | ἀπό | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 δένδρων | case | high | |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἀπό | cc | high | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 20 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--GNP-- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 δένδρων | amod | high | Substantivized adjective modifying δένδρων. |
| 21 | δένδρων | δένδρον | NOUN | N--GNP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἐφύοντο | obl | high | Source complement of φύομαι with ἀπό. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 ἀπὸ | cc | high | |
| 23 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 17 ἐφύοντο | advmod | high | Modifies the source phrase, ‘especially’. |
| 24 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 δρυῶν | case | high | |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P---GNP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 δρυῶν | det | high | |
| 26 | δρυῶν | δρῦς | NOUN | N--GNP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἐφύοντο | obl | high | Coordinated source complement: ‘especially from oaks’. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 φασιν | punct | high |