Grammar parses for passage 10.33.1
Open translation for this passage
ἑτέρα δὲ ἐκ Τιθορέας ὁδὸς ἡ ἐπὶ Λέδοντά ἐστιν·
Nominal clause: ἑτέρα ... ὁδός, with ἐστίν as the copula; ἡ ἐπὶ Λέδοντά specifies the route, and ἐκ Τιθορέας gives its point of departure. The article ἡ is analyzed as agreeing with the understood/explicit feminine noun ὁδός in an attributive phrase, though its placement is somewhat marked.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἑτέρα | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὁδὸς | amod | high | Predicate/contrastive adjective modifying ὁδός. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ὁδὸς | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Τιθορέας | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 4 | Τιθορέας | Τιθορέα | PROPN | N-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὁδὸς | obl | high | Genitive place-name marking departure. |
| 5 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | N-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject/predicate nominal of ἐστιν. |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | P-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὁδὸς | det | high | Article agreeing with ὁδός; begins the directional specification. |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Λέδοντά | case | high | Here governing accusative for direction toward. |
| 8 | Λέδοντά | Λέδων | PROPN | N-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ὁδὸς | obl | high | Destination governed by ἐπί; accentuated accusative form. |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copula of the nominal clause. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
πόλις δέ ποτε ἐνομίζετο καὶ αὕτη, κατʼ ἐμὲ δὲ ὑπὸ ἀσθενείας ἐξελελοίπεσαν οἱ Λεδόντιοι τὴν πόλιν,
The sentence juxtaposes an imperfect passive report ('was once considered a city') with a following perfect active clause ('the Ledontians have abandoned the city'); κατʼ ἐμέ δέ is parenthetical and its exact attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐνομίζετο | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 4 ἐνομίζετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | -------- | _ | 4 ἐνομίζετο | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἐνομίζετο | νομίζω | VERB | v3siim--- | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 6 αὕτη | cc | high | |
| 6 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | p-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἐνομίζετο | nsubj:pass | high | Postposed demonstrative reinforces the subject πόλις. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | -------- | _ | 4 ἐνομίζετο | punct | high | |
| 8 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 9 ἐμὲ | case | high | Elided form of κατά. |
| 9 | ἐμὲ | ἐγώ | PRON | p1sa----a | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 13 ἐξελελοίπεσαν | obl | medium | κατʼ ἐμέ is an idiom meaning 'in my view'; attachment to the following predication is syntactically uncertain. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 13 ἐξελελοίπεσαν | cc | high | |
| 11 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 12 ἀσθενείας | case | high | |
| 12 | ἀσθενείας | ἀσθένεια | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐξελελοίπεσαν | obl:agent | medium | Genitive with ὑπό marks the cause/agent of abandonment. |
| 13 | ἐξελελοίπεσαν | ἐκλείπω | VERB | v3paia--- | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 4 ἐνομίζετο | parataxis | medium | Perfect active form with secondary ending; finite clause is coordinated/paratactic with the preceding statement. |
| 14 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 Λεδόντιοι | det | high | |
| 15 | Λεδόντιοι | Λεδόντιος | PROPN | ne-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐξελελοίπεσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 17 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐξελελοίπεσαν | obj | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | -------- | _ | 13 ἐξελελοίπεσαν | punct | high |
καὶ ἄνθρωποι περὶ ἑβδομήκοντα οἱ οἰκοῦντες ἦσαν ἐπὶ τῷ Κηφισῷ·
The participial group οἱ οἰκοῦντες is coordinated semantically with ἄνθρωποι and functions as a descriptive modifier; περὶ ἑβδομήκοντα expresses an approximate number.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 2 ἄνθρωποι | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἄνθρωποι | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N--MPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | περὶ | περί | ADP | P | _ | 4 ἑβδομήκοντα | case | high | |
| 4 | ἑβδομήκοντα | ἑβδομήκοντα | NUM | A--APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἄνθρωποι | nummod | medium | Cardinal numeral used substantivally/attributively with ἄνθρωποι; indeclinable form. |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--MPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 οἰκοῦντες | det | high | |
| 6 | οἰκοῦντες | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAPMPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 2 ἄνθρωποι | acl | high | Substantivized participial phrase, ‘those dwelling’. |
| 7 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 10 Κηφισῷ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T--MSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Κηφισῷ | det | high | |
| 10 | Κηφισῷ | Κηφισός | PROPN | N--MSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦσαν | obl | high | Dative location with ἐπί. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦσαν | punct | high |
Λέδων δʼ οὖν ὄνομα ταῖς οἰκήσεσίν ἐστιν αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐς τὸν Φωκέων σύλλογον κοινὸν τελεῖν ἠξίωνται καὶ οὗτοι, καθάπερ γε καὶ οἱ Πανοπεῖς.
The sentence has an existential/equative clause: Λέδων is the subject and ὄνομα the predicate nominative, with ταῖς οἰκήσεσιν as the dative of possession/reference. In the second clause, ἠξίωνται is perfect middle/passive 3pl with τελεῖν as complementary infinitive; κοινὸν modifies σύλλογον, and οὗτοι is the coordinated subject. The phrase ἐς τὸν Φωκέων σύλλογον is interpreted as motion/entry into the Phocian league, with Φωκέων dependent genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λέδων | Λέδων | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐστιν | cc | high | Elided form of δέ. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἐστιν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | Nb-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with εἰμί. |
| 5 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | L----d-p-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 οἰκήσεσίν | det | high | |
| 6 | οἰκήσεσίν | οἴκησις | NOUN | Nb-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἐστιν | obl | high | Dative of possession/reference. |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3-p---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 6 οἰκήσεσίν | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἠξίωνται | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the first. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 σύλλογον | case | high | |
| 12 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L----a-s-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 σύλλογον | det | high | |
| 13 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | PROPN | Ne-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 σύλλογον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on σύλλογον. |
| 14 | σύλλογον | σύλλογος | NOUN | Nb-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 τελεῖν | obl | high | Object of the preposition ἐς. |
| 15 | κοινὸν | κοινός | ADJ | A----a-s-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 σύλλογον | amod | high | |
| 16 | τελεῖν | τελέω | VERB | V--pan--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 ἠξίωνται | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive; construed as entering/being enrolled in the league. |
| 17 | ἠξίωνται | ἀξιόω | VERB | V3prie--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 7 ἐστιν | conj | medium | Perfect middle/passive; καὶ οὗτοι supplies the overt coordinated subject. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 οὗτοι | cc | high | |
| 19 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | Pd----mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἠξίωνται | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 οὗτοι | punct | high | |
| 21 | καθάπερ | καθάπερ | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 17 ἠξίωνται | advmod | high | Comparative/subordinate conjunction introducing the parallel example. |
| 22 | γε | γε | PART | T-------- | _ | 21 καθάπερ | advmod | high | |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 Πανοπεῖς | cc | high | |
| 24 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L----mn-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 Πανοπεῖς | det | high | Article substantivizing the ethnic name. |
| 25 | Πανοπεῖς | Πανοπεύς | PROPN | Ne-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἠξίωνται | conj | medium | Subject of the comparative parallel clause, with the verb understood from ἠξίωνται. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τῶν δὲ ἀνθρώπων οἳ οἰκοῦσιν ἐπὶ τῷ Κηφισῷ τεσσαράκοντά ἐστιν ἀνωτέρω σταδίοις Λέδοντος τῆς ἀρχαίας τὰ ἐρείπια,
The sentence is syntactically difficult: ἐστιν appears to govern a distance expression and the nominative τὰ ἐρείπια, with an elliptical or corrupted copular construction; the genitive phrase τῆς ἀρχαίας is treated as substantivized and dependent on ἐρείπια.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀνθρώπων | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Genitive partitive with ἐστιν: ‘of the people’. |
| 4 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | R-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 οἰκοῦσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | οἰκοῦσιν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἀνθρώπων | acl:relcl | high | |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Κηφισῷ | case | high | |
| 7 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Κηφισῷ | det | high | |
| 8 | Κηφισῷ | Κηφισός | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 οἰκοῦσιν | obl | high | |
| 9 | τεσσαράκοντά | τεσσαράκοντα | NUM | A-NUI | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 σταδίοις | nummod | medium | Accusative numeral modifying σταδίους in a measure expression. |
| 10 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Copular/existential predicate; construction is elliptical or textually difficult. |
| 11 | ἀνωτέρω | ἄνω | ADV | ADV-CMP | Degree=Cmp | 10 ἐστιν | advmod | medium | Comparative adverb, ‘higher/upstream’; may scope over the distance expression. |
| 12 | σταδίοις | στάδιον | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἐστιν | obl | medium | Dative of measure/extent with ἀνωτέρω; numeral is attached to it. |
| 13 | Λέδοντος | Λέδων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐρείπια | nmod | medium | Genitive place-name dependent on ἐρείπια, ‘ruins of Ledon’. |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀρχαίας | det | high | |
| 15 | ἀρχαίας | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐρείπια | amod | medium | Substantivized adjective, likely ‘the ancient [town/city]’; gender mismatch with neuter ἐρείπια is syntactically elliptical. |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἐρείπια | det | high | |
| 17 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of an elliptical copular statement: ‘the ruins [are ...]’; word order is difficult. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστιν | punct | high |
καὶ τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ ἀνδρὸς λαβεῖν τὴν πόλιν φασὶν αὐτόχθονος.
Infinitival complement of φασίν: the city is understood as taking its name from an autochthonous man; αὐτόχθονος agrees attributively with ἀνδρός. The coordinated καί likely continues prior context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 λαβεῖν | cc | high | |
| 2 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 3 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 λαβεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ἀνδρὸς | case | high | |
| 5 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 λαβεῖν | obl | high | |
| 6 | λαβεῖν | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 φασὶν | xcomp | high | Complementary aorist infinitive governed by φασίν. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 8 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 λαβεῖν | obj | high | Accusative object of λαβεῖν. |
| 9 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | αὐτόχθονος | αὐτόχθων | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνδρὸς | amod | high | Attributive adjective agreeing with ἀνδρός. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 φασὶν | punct | high |