Grammar parses for passage 10.34.5
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ Κοστοβώκων τε τῶν λῃστικῶν τὸ κατʼ ἐμὲ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπιδραμὸν ἀφίκετο καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν Ἐλάτειαν·
The sentence has a substantivized accusative phrase, “τὸ ... ἐπιδραμόν,” as subject of ἀφίκετο; τῶν λῃστικῶν modifies Κοστοβώκων, while κατʼ ἐμέ is a parenthetical viewpoint phrase. The participle is parsed as aorist active nominative/accusative neuter singular agreeing with τὸ; syntactically it heads the substantivized subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | Substantivizing article with the following participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἀφίκετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Κοστοβώκων | Κοστόβωκοι | PROPN | NPM---GM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 λῃστικῶν | nmod | high | Genitive proper name modifying τῶν λῃστικῶν. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 Κοστοβώκων | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA--GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 λῃστικῶν | det | high | Article for λῃστικῶν. |
| 6 | λῃστικῶν | λῃστικός | ADJ | A--GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐπιδραμὸν | amod | medium | Substantivized adjective, “of the brigand-like/raiding Costoboci”; attached to the participial subject phrase. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA--ASN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἐπιδραμὸν | det | high | Article substantivizing ἐπιδραμόν. |
| 8 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 ἐμὲ | case | high | Elided κατά with accusative. |
| 9 | ἐμὲ | ἐγώ | PRON | RP1AS--- | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 12 ἐπιδραμὸν | obl | high | Accusative object of κατά in the phrase κατʼ ἐμέ, “as far as I am concerned.” |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | Article for Ἑλλάδα. |
| 11 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | NPM---AF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπιδραμὸν | obl | high | Accusative extent/path complement with ἐπιδραμόν. |
| 12 | ἐπιδραμὸν | ἐπιτρέχω | VERB | V--AAPASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | medium | Aorist active participle, substantivized with τὸ; form is compatible with neuter accusative, though the construction functions as the subject of the finite verb. |
| 13 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V--AMI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate, “arrived/reached.” |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἀφίκετο | cc | high | Coordinates the second destination phrase. |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Ἐλάτειαν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 Ἐλάτειαν | det | high | Article for Ἐλάτειαν. |
| 17 | Ἐλάτειαν | Ἐλάτεια | PROPN | NPM---AF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Second destination, coordinated with τὴν Ἑλλάδα. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἔνθα δὴ ἀνὴρ Μνησίβουλος λόχον τε περὶ αὑτὸν ἀνδρῶν συνέστησε καὶ καταφονεύσας πολλοὺς τῶν βαρβάρων ἔπεσεν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ.
Μνησίβουλος is the subject of συνέστησε and ἔπεσεν; λόχον περὶ αὑτὸν ἀνδρῶν is the assembled band, with περὶ + accusative expressing around him. καταφονεύσας is a circumstantial aorist participle modifying the subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D- | PronType=Rel | 10 συνέστησε | advmod | high | Locative adverb, introducing the event location. |
| 2 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 10 συνέστησε | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 3 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 συνέστησε | nsubj | high | Appositional/common-noun subject with the proper name. |
| 4 | Μνησίβουλος | Μνησίβουλος | PROPN | N-----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀνὴρ | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to ἀνήρ. |
| 5 | λόχον | λόχος | NOUN | N-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 συνέστησε | obj | high | Object of συνέστησε. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 λόχον | cc | high | Correlative coordinating particle, paired with καί. |
| 7 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 αὑτὸν | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative αὑτόν. |
| 8 | αὑτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 5 λόχον | nmod | high | Reflexive object of περί, within the description of the band. |
| 9 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 λόχον | nmod | high | Partitive/constitutive genitive: a band of men. |
| 10 | συνέστησε | συνίστημι | VERB | V----AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 ἔπεσεν | conj | high | First coordinated finite verb; τε...καί links the two events. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἔπεσεν | cc | high | Coordinates συνέστησε and ἔπεσεν. |
| 12 | καταφονεύσας | καταφονεύω | VERB | V-----AAP-NSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἔπεσεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, subject understood as Μνησίβουλος. |
| 13 | πολλοὺς | πολύς | ADJ | A-----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 καταφονεύσας | obj | high | Object of καταφονεύσας; substantivized adjective. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 βαρβάρων | det | high | Article with βαρβάρων. |
| 15 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | N-----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 πολλοὺς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on substantivized πολλούς. |
| 16 | ἔπεσεν | πίπτω | VERB | V----AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate: fell in battle. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 μάχῃ | case | high | Preposition governing τῇ μάχῃ. |
| 18 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 μάχῃ | det | high | Article with μάχῃ. |
| 19 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἔπεσεν | obl | high | Locative oblique complement of ἔπεσεν. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἔπεσεν | punct | high |
οὗτος ὁ Μνησίβουλος δρόμου νίκας καὶ ἄλλας ἀνείλετο καὶ Ὀλυμπιάδι πέμπτῃ πρὸς ταῖς τριάκοντά τε καὶ διακοσίαις σταδίου καὶ τοῦ σὺν τῇ ἀσπίδι διαύλου·
Compressed Olympic-victory construction: δρόμου νίκας and the following genitives name events; the numeral/date phrase πρὸς ταῖς τριάκοντά τε καὶ διακοσίαις is syntactically elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | PDMSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 Μνησίβουλος | det | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Μνησίβουλος | det | high | |
| 3 | Μνησίβουλος | Μνησίβουλος | PROPN | NPMSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνείλετο | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | δρόμου | δρόμος | NOUN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 νίκας | nmod | high | Genitive of event/category. |
| 5 | νίκας | νίκη | NOUN | N--AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἀνείλετο | obj | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἄλλας | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἄλλας | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 νίκας | conj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated object. |
| 8 | ἀνείλετο | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V3SAMI | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle, idiomatically 'won/took' victories. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 σταδίου | cc | medium | Coordinates the Olympic-event phrase with the preceding victory phrase. |
| 10 | Ὀλυμπιάδι | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 πέμπτῃ | obl | high | Dative of Olympiad/date. |
| 11 | πέμπτῃ | πέμπτος | ADJ | A--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|NumType=Ord|Number=Sing | 18 σταδίου | amod | high | Ordinal modifying Ὀλυμπιάδι. |
| 12 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 τριάκοντά | case | high | |
| 13 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T--DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 τριάκοντά | det | high | |
| 14 | τριάκοντά | τριάκοντα | NUM | M-------- | Case=Dat|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 18 σταδίου | obl | medium | Numeral phrase with πρός; exact syntactic relation is elliptical/idiomatic. |
| 15 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 τριάκοντά | cc | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 διακοσίαις | cc | high | |
| 17 | διακοσίαις | διακόσιοι | NUM | M--DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 14 τριάκοντά | conj | high | Coordinated numeral in the date/number phrase. |
| 18 | σταδίου | στάδιον | NOUN | N--GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνείλετο | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on the understood race/event expression; phrase is compressed. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 διαύλου | cc | high | |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 διαύλου | det | high | Article substantivizing the following genitive event noun. |
| 21 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 ἀσπίδι | case | high | |
| 22 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ἀσπίδι | det | high | |
| 23 | ἀσπίδι | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 διαύλου | nmod | high | Instrumental/comitative complement of διαύλου. |
| 24 | διαύλου | δίαυλος | NOUN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 σταδίου | conj | medium | Genitive event noun coordinated with στάδιον; governed by the elliptical victory/event construction. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀνείλετο | punct | high |
ἐν Ἐλατείᾳ δὲ κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ δρομέως Μνησιβούλου χαλκοῦς ἕστηκεν ἀνδριάς.
The locative phrase ἐν Ἐλατείᾳ is fronted; κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν τοῦ δρομέως Μνησιβούλου means 'along the road of the runner Mnesiboulos.' ἕστηκεν is perfect active, functioning as the finite predicate with ἀνδριάς as subject; the exact attachment of χαλκοῦς is adjectival to ἀνδριάς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 2 Ἐλατείᾳ | case | high | |
| 2 | Ἐλατείᾳ | Ἐλάτεια | PROPN | NE | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἕστηκεν | obl | high | Locative dative after ἐν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἕστηκεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 6 ὁδὸν | case | high | With accusative, indicating route or location along. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ὁδὸν | det | high | |
| 6 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | NF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἕστηκεν | obl | high | |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 δρομέως | det | high | |
| 8 | δρομέως | δρομεύς | NOUN | NM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὁδὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὁδόν. |
| 9 | Μνησιβούλου | Μνησίβουλος | PROPN | NE | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 δρομέως | appos | medium | Personal name in apposition to δρομέως. |
| 10 | χαλκοῦς | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀνδριάς | amod | high | Adjective agreeing with ἀνδριάς; 'bronze'. |
| 11 | ἕστηκεν | ἵστημι | VERB | V-RIA3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active with stative/resultative sense 'stands/has been set up'. |
| 12 | ἀνδριάς | ἀνδριάς | NOUN | NM---NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἕστηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 ἕστηκεν | punct | high |