Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.34.4

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Passage 10.34.4

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4sentences parsed

91Greek tokens

3,194input tokens

6,732output tokens

Sentence 1

10.34.4 sentence 1

Tokens: 38
Input: 961
Output: 2,660
Total: 3,621

Τίτος μὲν δὴ ὁ ἄρχων ὁ Ῥωμαίων---τὸ γὰρ δὴ Ἑλληνικὸν ἅπαν ἐλευθερώσων ἀπέσταλτο ἐκ Ῥώμης---πολιτείαν τε Ἐλατεῦσιν ἀποδώσειν τὴν ἀρχαίαν ἐπηγγέλλετο καὶ διʼ ἀγγέλων ἐπεκηρυκεύετό σφισιν ἀπὸ Μακεδόνων ἀφίστασθαι·

Τίτος is the subject of ἐπηγγέλλετο and ἐπεκηρυκεύετο; the parenthetical γάρ clause explains his mission, with ἐλευθερώσων as a future participle of purpose/result with ἀπέσταλτο. The three hyphens are punctuation tokens preserved exactly.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Τίτος	Τίτος	PROPN	Ne-s---mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 ἐπηγγέλλετο	nsubj	high
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	D--------	_	29 ἐπηγγέλλετο	discourse	high	Correlative μέν; counterpart is not overtly expressed here.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	D--------	_	29 ἐπηγγέλλετο	discourse	high
4	ὁ	ὁ	DET	S---mn----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 ἄρχων	det	high
5	ἄρχων	ἄρχων	NOUN	N--s---mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 ἐπηγγέλλετο	appos	high	Appositional title/name phrase.
6	ὁ	ὁ	DET	S---mn----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 Ῥωμαίων	det	high
7	Ῥωμαίων	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	A--p---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 ἄρχων	nmod	high	Substantivized ethnic adjective, 'of the Romans'.
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	punct	high
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	punct	high
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	punct	high
11	τὸ	ὁ	DET	S---na----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 Ἑλληνικὸν	det	high
12	γὰρ	γάρ	SCONJ	G--------	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	mark	high	Introduces the parenthetical explanatory clause.
13	δὴ	δή	PART	D--------	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	discourse	high
14	Ἑλληνικὸν	Ἑλληνικός	ADJ	A--s---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 ἐλευθερώσων	obj	high	Substantivized adjective, object of ἐλευθερώσων.
15	ἅπαν	ἅπας	ADJ	A--s---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 Ἑλληνικὸν	amod	high
16	ἐλευθερώσων	ἐλευθερόω	VERB	V--sapamn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Fut\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	17 ἀπέσταλτο	advcl	high	Future active participle expressing intended mission/purpose.
17	ἀπέσταλτο	ἀποστέλλω	VERB	V3IPlsmi-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Plup\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	29 ἐπηγγέλλετο	parataxis	high	Pluperfect middle/passive form; passive sense 'had been sent'.
18	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	19 Ῥώμης	case	high
19	Ῥώμης	Ῥώμη	PROPN	N--s---fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἀπέσταλτο	obl	high
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	punct	high
21	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	punct	high
22	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	punct	high
23	πολιτείαν	πολιτεία	NOUN	N--s---fa-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 ἀποδώσειν	obj	high
24	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	29 ἐπηγγέλλετο	cc	high	Coordinates the two reported actions.
25	Ἐλατεῦσιν	Ἐλατεύς	PROPN	N--p---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 ἀποδώσειν	iobj	high
26	ἀποδώσειν	ἀποδίδωμι	VERB	V--Fna---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Fut\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	29 ἐπηγγέλλετο	xcomp	high	Future infinitive governed by ἐπηγγέλλετο.
27	τὴν	ὁ	DET	S---fa----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 ἀρχαίαν	det	high
28	ἀρχαίαν	ἀρχαῖος	ADJ	A--s---fa-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 πολιτείαν	amod	high	Agrees with πολιτείαν.
29	ἐπηγγέλλετο	ἐπαγγέλλω	VERB	V3IMis---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb, 'was promising'.
30	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	33 ἐπεκηρυκεύετό	cc	high
31	διʼ	διά	ADP	R--------	_	32 ἀγγέλων	case	high
32	ἀγγέλων	ἄγγελος	NOUN	N--p---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	33 ἐπεκηρυκεύετό	obl	high	Means/instrument, 'through messengers'.
33	ἐπεκηρυκεύετό	ἐπικηρυκεύω	VERB	V3IMis---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	29 ἐπηγγέλλετο	conj	high	Coordinated finite verb; middle voice has communicative/reciprocal sense.
34	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	Pp3-p---md-	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	33 ἐπεκηρυκεύετό	iobj	high	Dative recipient, referring to the Elateans.
35	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	R--------	_	36 Μακεδόνων	case	high
36	Μακεδόνων	Μακεδών	PROPN	N--p---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	37 ἀφίστασθαι	obl	high	Source/separation complement of ἀφίστασθαι.
37	ἀφίστασθαι	ἀφίστημι	VERB	V--PMn---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	33 ἐπεκηρυκεύετό	xcomp	high	Infinitive dependent on ἐπεκηρυκεύετο, with reflexive/separative middle sense.
38	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	29 ἐπηγγέλλετο	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.34.4 sentence 2

Tokens: 22
Input: 783
Output: 1,562
Total: 2,345

οἱ δὲ ὑπὸ ἀγνωμοσύνης ὁ δῆμος ἢ οἱ ἔχοντες τὰς ἀρχὰς Φιλίππῳ τε ἦσαν πιστοὶ καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ῥωμαίου πολιορκίᾳ παρέστησαν.

The sentence coordinates ἦσαν πιστοί and παρέστησαν; δῆμος is the singular subject, while οἱ ἔχοντες τὰς ἀρχάς supplies an alternative plural subject phrase, producing a mixed/agreement-sensitive coordination.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T--NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 δῆμος	det	medium	Article substantivized with δῆμος.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	21 παρέστησαν	cc	high
3	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	4 ἀγνωμοσύνης	case	high
4	ἀγνωμοσύνης	ἀγνωμοσύνη	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 παρέστησαν	obl	high	Causal genitive with ὑπό.
5	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T--NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 δῆμος	det	high
6	δῆμος	δῆμος	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ἦσαν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἦσαν and παρέστησαν.
7	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 δῆμος	cc	high	Coordinates the alternative subject phrase.
8	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T--NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 ἔχοντες	det	high
9	ἔχοντες	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	6 δῆμος	conj	high	Substantival participle: those holding offices.
10	τὰς	ὁ	DET	T--APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	11 ἀρχὰς	det	high
11	ἀρχὰς	ἀρχή	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	9 ἔχοντες	obj	high
12	Φιλίππῳ	Φίλιππος	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 πιστοὶ	obl	high	Dative complement with πιστοί.
13	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	14 ἦσαν	cc	high	First member of τε...καί coordination.
14	ἦσαν	εἰμί	AUX	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	21 παρέστησαν	conj	high	First coordinated predicate.
15	πιστοὶ	πιστός	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἦσαν	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with εἰμί.
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	21 παρέστησαν	cc	high	Coordinates the second predicate.
17	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	19 Ῥωμαίου	case	high
18	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T--GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 Ῥωμαίου	det	high
19	Ῥωμαίου	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	A-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 πολιορκίᾳ	nmod	high	Substantivized ethnic noun, governed by ὑπό.
20	πολιορκίᾳ	πολιορκία	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 παρέστησαν	obl	high	Dative of means or circumstance: by/in siege.
21	παρέστησαν	παρίστημι	VERB	V-AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Second coordinated predicate; ἦσαν πιστοί is coordinated with this clause.
22	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	21 παρέστησαν	punct	high

Sentence 3

10.34.4 sentence 3

Tokens: 19
Input: 760
Output: 1,490
Total: 2,250

χρόνῳ δὲ οἱ Ἐλατεῖς ὕστερον Ταξίλου τε Μιθριδάτῃ στρατηγοῦντος καὶ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ Πόντου βαρβάρων ἀντέσχον τῇ πολιορκίᾳ·

The dative χρόνῳ is temporal; οἱ Ἐλατεῖς is the subject of ἀντέσχον. The genitive absolute Ταξίλου ... στρατηγοῦντος and τῶν ... βαρβάρων forms a coordinated genitive construction, with τε coordinating Ταξίλου and Μιθριδάτῃ; the text's case agreement is syntactically difficult, so the analysis of Μιθριδάτῃ is uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	χρόνῳ	χρόνος	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 ἀντέσχον	obl	high	Temporal dative.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G-	_	16 ἀντέσχον	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 Ἐλατεῖς	det	high	Article with the ethnonym.
4	Ἐλατεῖς	Ἐλατεύς	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 ἀντέσχον	nsubj	high	Ethnic name used substantivally.
5	ὕστερον	ὕστερος	ADV	A-NSN	_	16 ἀντέσχον	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative, later.
6	Ταξίλου	Τάξιλος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 στρατηγοῦντος	nsubj	medium	Subject of the genitive absolute participle.
7	τε	τε	CCONJ	G-	_	8 Μιθριδάτῃ	cc	medium	Coordinates Ταξίλου with Μιθριδάτῃ.
8	Μιθριδάτῃ	Μιθριδάτης	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 στρατηγοῦντος	obl	low	Dative form is difficult within the apparent genitive absolute; retained as a coordinated participant.
9	στρατηγοῦντος	στρατηγέω	VERB	V-PAP-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	16 ἀντέσχον	advcl	medium	Genitive absolute participle; agreement most directly with Ταξίλου.
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	G-	_	15 βαρβάρων	cc	high	Coordinates the barbarian genitive phrase with the preceding genitive construction.
11	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 βαρβάρων	det	high	Article with βαρβάρων.
12	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R-	_	14 Πόντου	case	high	Preposition governing τοῦ Πόντου.
13	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 Πόντου	det	high	Article with Πόντου.
14	Πόντου	Πόντος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 βαρβάρων	nmod	high	Object of ἐκ, modifying βαρβάρων.
15	βαρβάρων	βάρβαρος	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 στρατηγοῦντος	nsubj	medium	Likely coordinated genitive-absolute subject with Ταξίλου; syntactic attachment is uncertain.
16	ἀντέσχον	ἀντέχω	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb, resisted.
17	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 πολιορκίᾳ	det	high	Article with πολιορκίᾳ.
18	πολιορκίᾳ	πολιορκία	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἀντέσχον	obl	high	Dative complement of ἀντέσχον.
19	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	16 ἀντέσχον	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 4

10.34.4 sentence 4

Tokens: 12
Input: 690
Output: 1,020
Total: 1,710

ἐπὶ τούτῳ δὲ ἐλευθέρους εἶναι τῷ ἔργῳ δέδοταί σφισιν ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων.

The construction is impersonal/passive: δέδοται ‘it has been granted’ takes the infinitival clause ἐλευθέρους εἶναι, with σφισιν as recipient and ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων as agent; τῷ ἔργῳ is an idiomatic dative of respect or sphere.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	4 ἐλευθέρους	case	high	Preposition governing the dative phrase τούτῳ.
2	τούτῳ	οὗτος	PRON	PD--DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	4 ἐλευθέρους	obl	high	Dative demonstrative with ἐπί; idiomatically ‘on this account/in this matter’.
3	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 δέδοταί	cc	high	Postpositive coordinating particle.
4	ἐλευθέρους	ἐλεύθερος	ADJ	A--PAM	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 εἶναι	xcomp	high	Accusative predicative complement of εἶναι.
5	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V--PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	8 δέδοταί	ccomp	high	Infinitival complement of the impersonal/passive verbal form δέδοται.
6	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T--DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 ἔργῳ	det	high	Article modifying ἔργῳ.
7	ἔργῳ	ἔργον	NOUN	N--DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 ἐλευθέρους	obl	medium	Dative of respect or sphere: ‘free in regard to the work’; syntactic attachment is somewhat idiomatic.
8	δέδοταί	δίδωμι	VERB	V-RP--3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	medium	Perfect/passive morphology in form, used impersonally: ‘it has been granted’; accent and context may support a perfect passive reading.
9	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	P--------D3P	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	8 δέδοταί	iobj	high	Dative recipient/beneficiary, ‘to them’.
10	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	11 Ῥωμαίων	case	high	Preposition introducing the agent of the passive construction.
11	Ῥωμαίων	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	A--PGM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 δέδοταί	obl:agent	high	Genitive agent governed by ὑπό.
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 δέδοταί	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

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