Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.34.4

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Passage 10.34.4

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3sentences parsed

79Greek tokens

2,506input tokens

5,713output tokens

Sentence 1

10.34.4 sentence 1

Tokens: 38
Input: 962
Output: 2,592
Total: 3,554

Τίτος μὲν δὴ ὁ ἄρχων ὁ Ῥωμαίων---τὸ γὰρ δὴ Ἑλληνικὸν ἅπαν ἐλευθερώσων ἀπέσταλτο ἐκ Ῥώμης---πολιτείαν τε Ἐλατεῦσιν ἀποδώσειν τὴν ἀρχαίαν ἐπηγγέλλετο καὶ διʼ ἀγγέλων ἐπεκηρυκεύετό σφισιν ἀπὸ Μακεδόνων ἀφίστασθαι·

Main predicate ἀπέσταλτο has a parenthetical participial clause and is followed by coordinated indirect discourse with two infinitival complements.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Τίτος	Τίτος	PROPN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 ἀπέσταλτο	nsubj	high	Subject of ἀπέσταλτο; personal name.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	discourse	high	Discourse particle.
4	ὁ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 ἄρχων	det	high	Article modifying ἄρχων.
5	ἄρχων	ἄρχων	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 Τίτος	appos	high	Apposition to Τίτος.
6	ὁ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 Ῥωμαίων	det	high	Article modifying Ῥωμαίων.
7	Ῥωμαίων	Ῥωμαῖος	ADJ	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 ἄρχων	nmod	high	Genitive modifier, substantivized 'of the Romans'.
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	punct	high	Dash in parenthetical clause.
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	punct	high	Dash in parenthetical clause.
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	punct	high	Dash in parenthetical clause.
11	τὸ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 Ἑλληνικὸν	det	high	Article modifying Ἑλληνικὸν.
12	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	discourse	high	Explanatory particle in parenthetical clause.
13	δὴ	δή	PART	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	discourse	high	Discourse particle.
14	Ἑλληνικὸν	Ἑλληνικός	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 ἐλευθερώσων	obj	medium	Likely object/complement of ἐλευθερώσων; neuter substantive 'the Greek element'.
15	ἅπαν	ἅπας	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 Ἑλληνικὸν	amod	high	Modifier of Ἑλληνικὸν.
16	ἐλευθερώσων	ἐλευθερόω	VERB	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Fut\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	17 ἀπέσταλτο	advcl	high	Future participle expressing purpose.
17	ἀπέσταλτο	ἀποστέλλω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Plurpf\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
18	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	_	_	19 Ῥώμης	case	high	Preposition governing Ῥώμης.
19	Ῥώμης	Ῥώμη	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἀπέσταλτο	obl	high	Source/origin phrase.
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	punct	high	Dash in parenthetical clause.
21	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	punct	high	Dash in parenthetical clause.
22	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	punct	high	Dash in parenthetical clause.
23	πολιτείαν	πολιτεία	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 ἐπηγγέλλετο	obj	high	Object of ἀποδώσειν in indirect discourse.
24	τε	τε	PART	_	_	29 ἐπηγγέλλετο	discourse	high	Enclitic copulative particle.
25	Ἐλατεῦσιν	Ἐλατεύς	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	29 ἐπηγγέλλετο	iobj	high	Dative recipient.
26	ἀποδώσειν	ἀποδίδωμι	VERB	_	Tense=Fut\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	29 ἐπηγγέλλετο	xcomp	high	Infinitive in indirect statement/complement.
27	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 ἀρχαίαν	det	high	Article modifying ἀρχαίαν.
28	ἀρχαίαν	ἀρχαῖος	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 πολιτείαν	amod	high	Attributive modifier of πολιτείαν.
29	ἐπηγγέλλετο	ἐπαγγέλλω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	17 ἀπέσταλτο	conj	high	Coordinated with the main verb.
30	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	29 ἐπηγγέλλετο	cc	high	Coordinating conjunction.
31	διʼ	διά	ADP	_	_	32 ἀγγέλων	case	high	Preposition governing ἀγγέλων.
32	ἀγγέλων	ἄγγελος	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	33 ἐπεκηρυκεύετό	obl	high	Means/agency phrase with ἐπεκηρυκεύετό.
33	ἐπεκηρυκεύετό	ἐπικηρύσσω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	29 ἐπηγγέλλετο	conj	high	Coordinated verb; imperfect middle.
34	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	33 ἐπεκηρυκεύετό	iobj	high	Indirect object of ἐπεκηρυκεύετό.
35	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	_	_	36 Μακεδόνων	case	high	Preposition governing Μακεδόνων.
36	Μακεδόνων	Μακεδών	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	37 ἀφίστασθαι	obl	high	Source phrase dependent on infinitive.
37	ἀφίστασθαι	ἀφίστημι	VERB	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	33 ἐπεκηρυκεύετό	xcomp	high	Complement of ἐπεκηρυκεύετό.
38	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀπέσταλτο	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.

Sentence 2

10.34.4 sentence 2

Tokens: 22
Input: 783
Output: 1,626
Total: 2,409

οἱ δὲ ὑπὸ ἀγνωμοσύνης ὁ δῆμος ἢ οἱ ἔχοντες τὰς ἀρχὰς Φιλίππῳ τε ἦσαν πιστοὶ καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ῥωμαίου πολιορκίᾳ παρέστησαν.

The clause structure is somewhat irregular: οἱ δὲ ... ὁ δῆμος ἢ οἱ ἔχοντες forms a coordinated/alternating subject expression, with ἦσαν πιστοὶ as the first predicate and παρέστησαν as a second coordinated finite verb.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	6 δῆμος	det	high	Article with δῆμος.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	6 δῆμος	discourse	high	Postpositive connective particle.
3	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	_	_	4 ἀγνωμοσύνης	case	high	Preposition governing ἀγνωμοσύνης.
4	ἀγνωμοσύνης	ἀγνωμοσύνη	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἦσαν	obl	medium	Likely causal/agentive subordinate oblique with ἦσαν.
5	ὁ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	6 δῆμος	det	high	Article with δῆμος.
6	δῆμος	δῆμος	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ἦσαν	nsubj	medium	Subject of ἦσαν; syntax is somewhat irregular because of the intervening ἢ clause.
7	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	_	_	14 ἦσαν	cc	high	Coordinating disjunction.
8	οἱ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	9 ἔχοντες	det	high	Article with ἔχοντες.
9	ἔχοντες	ἔχω	VERB	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	14 ἦσαν	nsubj	high	Second coordinated subject/participle phrase.
10	τὰς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	11 ἀρχὰς	det	high	Article with ἀρχὰς.
11	ἀρχὰς	ἀρχή	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	9 ἔχοντες	obj	high	Object of ἔχοντες.
12	Φιλίππῳ	Φίλιππος	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ἦσαν	iobj	medium	Dative with πιστοί/ἦσαν, likely reference of loyalty.
13	τε	τε	PART	_	_	14 ἦσαν	discourse	high	Enclitic connective particle.
14	ἦσαν	εἰμί	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate.
15	πιστοὶ	πιστός	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἦσαν	xcomp	medium	Predicate adjective with ἦσαν.
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	21 παρέστησαν	cc	high	Connects the second predicate clause.
17	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	_	_	19 Ῥωμαίου	case	high	Preposition governing τοῦ Ῥωμαίου.
18	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	19 Ῥωμαίου	det	high	Article with Ῥωμαίου.
19	Ῥωμαίου	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 παρέστησαν	obl	medium	Genitive with ὑπό; likely agent/source phrase.
20	πολιορκίᾳ	πολιορκία	NOUN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 παρέστησαν	obl	medium	Dative of circumstance/manner with παρέστησαν.
21	παρέστησαν	παρίστημι	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	14 ἦσαν	conj	high	Coordinated main verb with ἦσαν.
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἦσαν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

10.34.4 sentence 3

Tokens: 19
Input: 761
Output: 1,495
Total: 2,256

χρόνῳ δὲ οἱ Ἐλατεῖς ὕστερον Ταξίλου τε Μιθριδάτῃ στρατηγοῦντος καὶ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ Πόντου βαρβάρων ἀντέσχον τῇ πολιορκίᾳ·

The syntax is centered on a genitive absolute (Ταξίλου τε Μιθριδάτῃ στρατηγοῦντος καὶ τῶν ... βαρβάρων), with χρόνῳ δὲ as a temporal frame and ἀντέσχον governing the dative τῇ πολιορκίᾳ.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	χρόνῳ	χρόνος	NOUN	N-S---DM-	Case=Dative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Sing	16 ἀντέσχον	obl	high	Temporal dative.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	G--------	_	16 ἀντέσχον	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	οἱ	ὁ	DET	L-???????	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural\|PronType=Art	4 Ἐλατεῖς	det	high	Article modifying Ἐλατεῖς.
4	Ἐλατεῖς	Ἐλατεύς	PROPN	N-P---MN-	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	16 ἀντέσχον	nsubj	high	Ethnonym used substantively.
5	ὕστερον	ὕστερον	ADV	B--------	_	16 ἀντέσχον	advmod	high	Adverb modifying the main verb.
6	Ταξίλου	Τάξιλος	PROPN	N-S---MG-	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Sing	9 στρατηγοῦντος	nsubj	high	Subject of participle στρατηγοῦντος.
7	τε	τε	PART	G--------	_	6 Ταξίλου	advmod	medium	Enclitic connective within genitive absolute.
8	Μιθριδάτῃ	Μιθριδάτης	PROPN	N-S---MD-	Case=Dative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Sing	9 στρατηγοῦντος	obl	high	Dative with στρατηγοῦντος, likely indirect object/governmented complement.
9	στρατηγοῦντος	στρατηγοῦντος	VERB	V-PAPGSM-	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	16 ἀντέσχον	advcl	high	Participle in genitive absolute.
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C---------	_	11 τῶν	cc	high	Coordinates with preceding genitive phrase.
11	τῶν	ὁ	DET	L-P---NG-	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Plural\|PronType=Art	15 βαρβάρων	det	high	Article modifying βαρβάρων.
12	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	14 Πόντου	case	high	Introduces PP modifying βαρβάρων.
13	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L-S---NG-	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	14 Πόντου	det	high	Article modifying Πόντου.
14	Πόντου	Πόντος	PROPN	N-S---MG-	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Sing	15 βαρβάρων	nmod	high	Object of ἐκ.
15	βαρβάρων	βάρβαρος	NOUN	A-P---MG-	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	9 στρατηγοῦντος	conj	medium	Likely coordinated with Ταξίλου within the genitive absolute.
16	ἀντέσχον	ἀντέχω	VERB	V-AAI-3P-	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plural\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
17	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L-S---DF-	Case=Dative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	18 πολιορκίᾳ	det	high	Article modifying πολιορκίᾳ.
18	πολιορκίᾳ	πολιορκία	NOUN	N-S---DF-	Case=Dative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Sing	16 ἀντέσχον	obl	high	Dative complement of ἀντέσχον.
19	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	16 ἀντέσχον	punct	high	Sentence-ending punctuation.

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