Grammar parses for passage 10.35.9
Open translation for this passage
Στιρίταις δέ ἐστιν ἐπὶ ὑψηλοῦ καὶ πετρώδους ἡ οἴκησις·
Existential εἰμί has locative ἐπί-phrase and a nominative subject ἡ οἴκησις; Στιρίταις is a dative of location/reference, likely ‘at Stiris’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Στιρίταις | Στίρις | PROPN | Ne.Dat.Pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἐστιν | obl | medium | Place-name in dative, functioning as a locative/reference complement of ἐστιν. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C------------ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular verb. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 3 ἐστιν | case | high | Takes genitive here, expressing location ‘upon/on’. |
| 5 | ὑψηλοῦ | ὑψηλός | ADJ | A--GSN---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 πετρώδους | amod | high | Substantivized or coordinated with πετρώδους; genitive after ἐπί. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------------ | _ | 7 πετρώδους | cc | high | |
| 7 | πετρώδους | πετρώδης | ADJ | A--GSN---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated with ὑψηλοῦ, complement of ἐπί. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T--NSF---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 οἴκησις | det | high | |
| 9 | οἴκησις | οἴκησις | NOUN | N--NSF---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of ἐστιν. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high |
σπανίζουσιν οὖν κατὰ τοῦτο ὕδατος θέρους ὥρᾳ·
The verb σπανίζουσιν governs a genitive of lack (ὕδατος), with κατὰ τοῦτο marking the relevant circumstance; θέρους ὥρᾳ is a temporal genitive–dative expression, approximately “in the season/time of summer.”
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | σπανίζουσιν | σπανίζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | CCONJ | _ | _ | 1 σπανίζουσιν | cc | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 4 τοῦτο | case | high | |
| 4 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | D-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 1 σπανίζουσιν | obl | high | Accusative neuter singular demonstrative with κατά. |
| 5 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 σπανίζουσιν | obl | high | Genitive of lack/deprivation with σπανίζω. |
| 6 | θέρους | θέρος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ὥρᾳ | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the season/time. |
| 7 | ὥρᾳ | ὥρα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 σπανίζουσιν | obl | medium | Temporal dative; θέρους is dependent on it. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 σπανίζουσιν | punct | high |
φρέατα γὰρ αὐτόθι οὔτε πολλὰ οὔτε ὕδωρ παρεχόμενά ἐστιν ἐπιτήδειον.
The copular predicate is ἐστιν ἐπιτήδειον; φρέατα is the plural subject, while πολλὰ and ὕδωρ παρεχόμενα form the coordinated οὔτε...οὔτε phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φρέατα | φρέαρ | NOUN | Nb----na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Df | _ | 9 ἐστιν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | αὐτόθι | αὐτόθι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 πολλὰ | cc | high | |
| 5 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-----na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐστιν | conj | high | Predicate adjective coordinated with ὕδωρ παρεχόμενα. |
| 6 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ὕδωρ | cc | high | |
| 7 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | Nb----na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 παρεχόμενά | nsubj | high | Subject of παρεχόμενά; coordinated with πολλὰ in the οὔτε...οὔτε construction. |
| 8 | παρεχόμενά | παρέχω | VERB | V3PPAna- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 ἐπιτήδειον | acl | medium | Present middle participle modifying ὕδωρ; agreement is neuter singular despite the earlier plural subject. |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἐπιτήδειον | ἐπιτήδειος | ADJ | A-----na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with ἐστιν; ὕδωρ παρεχόμενα is its subject phrase. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ταῦτα μὲν δὴ λουτρά σφισι καὶ ὑποζυγίοις ποτὸν γίνεται, τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὸ πότιμον ὅσον στάδια τέσσαρα ὑποκαταβαίνοντες λαμβάνουσιν ἐκ πηγῆς·
First clause: ταῦτα is the subject of γίνεται, with λουτρά and ποτόν as coordinated predicative nouns; σφισι and ὑποζυγίοις are dative beneficiaries/recipients. Second clause: οἱ ἄνθρωποι is the subject of λαμβάνουσιν; τὸ πότιμον is its object, with ὅσον στάδια τέσσαρα indicating distance traversed while descending. The syntax of ὑποκαταβαίνοντες is mildly uncertain: it is a circumstantial participle modifying the humans.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PDN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 γίνεται | nsubj | high | Demonstrative subject of γίνεται. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 λουτρά | discourse | high | Correlative particle, paired with δέ. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 9 γίνεται | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | λουτρά | λουτρόν | NOUN | NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ποτὸν | nsubj | high | Predicative nominal phrase coordinated with ποτόν; construed as what ταῦτα become. |
| 5 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | RP3PD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 9 γίνεται | iobj | medium | Dative of recipient/benefit, referring to the local people/animals. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 ὑποζυγίοις | cc | high | Coordinates ὑποζυγίοις with σφισι. |
| 7 | ὑποζυγίοις | ὑποζύγιον | NOUN | NPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 σφισι | conj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary, coordinated with σφισι. |
| 8 | ποτὸν | ποτός | ADJ | A-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 γίνεται | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective, ‘drinkable’. |
| 9 | γίνεται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3SPIE | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb governing both clauses at sentence level, with second clause coordinated paratactically. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 γίνεται | punct | high | |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ὕδωρ | det | high | Article with ὕδωρ. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 λαμβάνουσιν | cc | high | Adversative coordinator introducing the second clause. |
| 13 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 πότιμον | nsubj | medium | Appositional/topic-like noun governing the following article-adjective phrase; the semantic object of λαμβάνουσιν is τὸ πότιμον. |
| 14 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἄνθρωποι | det | high | Article with ἄνθρωποι. |
| 15 | ἄνθρωποι | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 λαμβάνουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of λαμβάνουσιν. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 πότιμον | det | high | Article substantivizing πότιμον. |
| 17 | πότιμον | πότιμος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 λαμβάνουσιν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the drinkable [water]’. |
| 18 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 στάδια | amod | medium | Extent/measure modifier associated with στάδια; form may reflect an elliptical measure expression. |
| 19 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | NAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ὑποκαταβαίνοντες | obl | medium | Accusative measure of distance with the descending participle. |
| 20 | τέσσαρα | τέσσαρες | NUM | A-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 στάδια | nummod | high | Numeral modifying στάδια. |
| 21 | ὑποκαταβαίνοντες | ὑποκαταβαίνω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἄνθρωποι | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle agreeing with ἄνθρωποι; manner/path of obtaining the water. |
| 22 | λαμβάνουσιν | λαμβάνω | VERB | V3PPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 γίνεται | conj | high | Finite verb in the δέ-clause, coordinated with γίνεται. |
| 23 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 24 πηγῆς | case | high | Preposition governing πηγῆς. |
| 24 | πηγῆς | πηγή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 λαμβάνουσιν | obl | high | Source adjunct of λαμβάνουσιν. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 γίνεται | punct | high |
ἡ δὲ ἐν πέτραις ἐστὶν ὀρωρυγμένη, καὶ ἀρύονται κατιόντες ἐς τὴν πηγήν.
The first predicate is an existential/copular construction with ὀρωρυγμένη as a predicative perfect passive participle; κατιόντες is a circumstantial participle modifying ἀρύονται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ὀρωρυγμένη | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ὀρωρυγμένη | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 πέτραις | case | high | |
| 4 | πέτραις | πέτρα | NOUN | N----DPF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ὀρωρυγμένη | obl | high | Locative/instrumental sense: 'in the rocks'. |
| 5 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ὀρωρυγμένη | cop | high | |
| 6 | ὀρωρυγμένη | ὀρύσσω | VERB | V-RPP-NFS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect passive participle functioning predicatively with εἰστίν; accent/form reflects ὀρωρυγμένη. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ὀρωρυγμένη | punct | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἀρύονται | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἀρύονται | ἀρύομαι | VERB | V-PIM-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 6 ὀρωρυγμένη | conj | medium | Coordinated finite predicate; middle verb means 'draw/fetch water'. |
| 10 | κατιόντες | κάτειμι | VERB | V-PAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἀρύονται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, 'going down'. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 πηγήν | case | high | |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 πηγήν | det | high | |
| 13 | πηγήν | πηγή | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κατιόντες | obl | high | Goal of κατιόντες: 'down to the spring'. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀρύονται | punct | high |