Grammar parses for passage 10.36.1
Open translation for this passage
ἐς δὲ Ἄμβροσσον στάδιοι περὶ ἑξήκοντά εἰσιν ἐκ Στίρεως·
Distance expression: ἐς Ἄμβροσσον is the goal complement of the understood/elliptical distance statement; στάδιοι is the quantified subject, with περὶ ἑξήκοντα modifying it; εἰσιν is the finite copular verb, and ἐκ Στίρεως marks the starting point.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 3 Ἄμβροσσον | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 εἰσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἄμβροσσον | Ἄμβροσσα | PROPN | PNP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 εἰσιν | obl | medium | Accusative place-name governed by ἐς; lemma normalized to nominative. |
| 4 | στάδιοι | στάδιον | NOUN | N--MPNN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Measure noun functioning as the subject of εἰσιν. |
| 5 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 6 ἑξήκοντά | case | high | |
| 6 | ἑξήκοντά | ἑξήκοντα | NUM | N--AP---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 4 στάδιοι | nummod | medium | Cardinal numeral is indeclinable in form; περὶ ἑξήκοντα gives an approximate quantity modifying στάδιοι. |
| 7 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 9 Στίρεως | case | high | |
| 9 | Στίρεως | Στείρις | PROPN | PNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 εἰσιν | obl | medium | Genitive place-name governed by ἐκ; lemma normalized to nominative. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 εἰσιν | punct | high |
πεδιὰς ἡ ὁδός, ὀρῶν ἐν μέσῳ πεδίον κείμενον.
Elliptical nominal clause: πεδιὰς ἡ ὁδός (‘the road is level’), followed by participial landscape description. The genitive ὀρῶν is syntactically compressed and may be read as a genitive absolute or descriptive genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεδιὰς | πεδιάς | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ὁδός | amod | medium | Feminine nominative singular adjective, predicative with ὁδός; accent/form may reflect πεδιάς. |
| 2 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ὁδός | det | high | |
| 3 | ὁδός | ὁδός | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Nominal predicate/construction lacks an overt finite verb. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ὁδός | punct | high | |
| 5 | ὀρῶν | ὁράω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ὁδός | advcl | medium | Genitive present active participle; likely genitive absolute or descriptive genitive, though its exact attachment is compressed. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 7 μέσῳ | case | high | |
| 7 | μέσῳ | μέσος | NOUN | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ὀρῶν | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘in the middle’; governs/introduces the following landscape description. |
| 8 | πεδίον | πεδίον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 κείμενον | obj | high | |
| 9 | κείμενον | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-PMP-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 5 ὀρῶν | acl | medium | Present middle/passive participle agreeing with πεδίον; coordinated/descriptive participial content under ὀρῶν. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ὁδός | punct | high |
ἄμπελοι δὲ τὸ πολύ εἰσι τοῦ πεδίου, καὶ ἐν γῇ τῇ Ἀμβροσσέων οὐ συνεχεῖς μὲν ὥσπερ αἱ ἄμπελοι, πεφύκασι μέντοι καὶ αἱ θάμνοι·
The second clause coordinates πεφύκασι with εἰσι; συνεχεῖς is a predicate adjective in the μέν clause, but its masculine plural form creates an agreement/attachment difficulty with the feminine plural subject αἱ θάμνοι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἄμπελοι | ἄμπελος | NOUN | N----NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 εἰσι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 εἰσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L----NSA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 πολύ | det | high | Substantivized with πολύ. |
| 4 | πολύ | πολύς | ADJ | A----NSA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 εἰσι | advmod | high | Adverbial/substantivized accusative-like expression meaning for the most part. |
| 5 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πεδίου | det | high | |
| 7 | πεδίου | πεδίον | NOUN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 πολύ | nmod | high | The form is neuter; xpos gender marked neuter below. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εἰσι | punct | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 πεφύκασι | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 γῇ | case | high | |
| 11 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 πεφύκασι | obl | high | |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀμβροσσέων | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἀμβροσσέων | Ἀμβροσσεύς | PROPN | Ne----GP- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 11 γῇ | nmod | medium | Ethnic name; form is genitive plural. |
| 14 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 15 συνεχεῖς | advmod | high | |
| 15 | συνεχεῖς | συνεχής | ADJ | A----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 πεφύκασι | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with an understood masculine plural subject, likely θάμνοι; agreement is difficult in the transmitted syntax. |
| 16 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 15 συνεχεῖς | discourse | high | |
| 17 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 συνεχεῖς | mark | high | |
| 18 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L----NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ἄμπελοι | det | high | |
| 19 | ἄμπελοι | ἄμπελος | NOUN | N----NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ὥσπερ | obl | high | Comparative standard. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 πεφύκασι | punct | high | |
| 21 | πεφύκασι | φύω | VERB | V3PRIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 5 εἰσι | conj | high | Perfect of φύω, here ‘have grown/are by nature’. |
| 22 | μέντοι | μέντοι | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 πεφύκασι | cc | high | Adversative connective. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 θάμνοι | cc | high | |
| 24 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L----NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 θάμνοι | det | high | |
| 25 | θάμνοι | θάμνος | NOUN | N----NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 πεφύκασι | nsubj | high | Feminine plural despite the superficially masculine-looking ending. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εἰσι | punct | high |
τὴν δὲ θάμνον ταύτην Ἴωνες μὲν καὶ τὸ ἄλλο Ἑλληνικὸν κόκκον, Γαλάται δὲ οἱ ὑπὲρ Φρυγίας φωνῇ τῇ ἐπιχωρίῳ σφίσιν ὀνομάζουσιν ὗς.
Two coordinated subjects govern ὀνομάζουσιν: Ἴωνες with the first naming term κόκκον, and Γαλάται with the second term ὗς; τὴν ... θάμνον ταύτην is the shared object, with ἄλλο Ἑλληνικόν coordinated to the first naming expression. The article οἱ is substantival with Γαλάται and ὑπὲρ Φρυγίας is a postposed regional modifier; φωνῇ ... is an instrumental phrase and σφίσιν is ethical/dative of reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | article-f.acc.sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 θάμνον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 13 Γαλάται | cc | high | Connective δέ contrasts the two naming groups. |
| 3 | θάμνον | θάμνος | NOUN | n-acc.sg.m | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ὀνομάζουσιν | obj | high | Shared object of ὀνομάζουσιν. |
| 4 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | dem-f.acc.sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 θάμνον | det | high | Demonstrative agrees semantically with the feminine φύσις/plant referent while θάμνον is masculine. |
| 5 | Ἴωνες | Ἴων | PROPN | n-nom.pl.m | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ὀνομάζουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | part | _ | 5 Ἴωνες | discourse | high | First member of μέν ... δέ. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | conj | _ | 11 κόκκον | cc | high | |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | article-n.acc.sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἄλλο | det | high | |
| 9 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | a-nom/acc.sg.n | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 Ἑλληνικὸν | amod | high | Substantivally or attributively modifies τὸ ... Ἑλληνικόν. |
| 10 | Ἑλληνικὸν | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | a-nom/acc.sg.n | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 κόκκον | amod | high | Adjectival naming term, with κόκκον understood as the named object. |
| 11 | κόκκον | κόκκος | NOUN | n-acc.sg.m | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ὀνομάζουσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate naming term; agreement is not overtly regular with the neuter phrase τὸ ἄλλο Ἑλληνικόν. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | punct | _ | 22 ὀνομάζουσιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | Γαλάται | Γαλάτης | PROPN | n-nom.pl.m | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ὀνομάζουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 13 Γαλάται | cc | high | Second member of μέν ... δέ. |
| 15 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | article-nom.pl.m | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Γαλάται | det | high | Substantival article with Γαλάται. |
| 16 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | prep | _ | 17 Φρυγίας | case | high | |
| 17 | Φρυγίας | Φρυγία | PROPN | n-gen.sg.f | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Γαλάται | nmod | high | Postposed regional modifier of Γαλάται. |
| 18 | φωνῇ | φωνή | NOUN | n-dat.sg.f | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ὀνομάζουσιν | obl | high | Instrumental/means dative: in their local speech. |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | article-dat.sg.f | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπιχωρίῳ | det | high | |
| 20 | ἐπιχωρίῳ | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | a-dat.sg.f | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 φωνῇ | amod | high | |
| 21 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | pron-dat.pl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 18 φωνῇ | nmod | medium | Dative of reference/possessive force, ‘for themselves/their own’. |
| 22 | ὀνομάζουσιν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | v-pres.act.ind.3pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 23 | ὗς | ὗς | NOUN | n-acc.pl.f | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 ὀνομάζουσιν | xcomp | high | Predicate naming term after ὀνομάζω. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | punct | _ | 22 ὀνομάζουσιν | punct | high |
γίνεται δὲ αὕτη μέγεθος μὲν ἡ κόκκος κατὰ τὴν ῥάμνον καλουμένην, φύλλα δὲ μελάντερα μὲν καὶ μαλακώτερα ἢ ἡ σχῖνος, τὰ μέντοι ἄλλα ἐοικότα ἔχει τῇ σχίνῳ.
The sentence has an initial μέγεθος μέν predicate describing the subject αὕτη/κόκκος, followed by a coordinated φύλλα μέν clause; ἔχει takes τὰ ἄλλα ἐοικότα as a predicative/object-like complement and τῇ σχίνῳ as dative of comparison/resemblance. The agreement and attachment of ἡ κόκκος are somewhat difficult; it is treated as an appositional subject/name phrase, with αὕτη as the demonstrative subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γίνεται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3-SAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 γίνεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | D-PNSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 1 γίνεται | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | μέγεθος | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 γίνεται | xcomp | medium | Neuter μέγεθος is a predicate of γίνεται, with μέν introducing the first descriptive member. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 4 μέγεθος | discourse | high | |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 κόκκος | det | high | |
| 7 | κόκκος | κόκκος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 μέγεθος | appos | medium | Treated as the plant's naming/appositional noun under μέγεθος; lexical gender/agreement is irregular or textually difficult. |
| 8 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 10 ῥάμνον | case | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ῥάμνον | det | high | |
| 10 | ῥάμνον | ῥάμνος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 κόκκος | obl | high | κατά with accusative expresses comparison/standard ('in size like'). |
| 11 | καλουμένην | καλέω | VERB | V-PMP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 10 ῥάμνον | acl | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 γίνεται | punct | high | |
| 13 | φύλλα | φύλλον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 γίνεται | parataxis | high | Second descriptive member coordinated by δέ; accusative is a predicative/description form with implicit relation to the plant. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 φύλλα | cc | high | |
| 15 | μελάντερα | μέλας | ADJ | A-CΜPN | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 φύλλα | amod | medium | Comparative adjective agrees semantically with φύλλα; surface case is difficult because φύλλα is commonly accusative. |
| 16 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 15 μελάντερα | discourse | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 μαλακώτερα | cc | high | |
| 18 | μαλακώτερα | μαλακός | ADJ | A-CΜPN | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 μελάντερα | conj | medium | Second coordinated comparative adjective; same case/agreement uncertainty as μελάντερα. |
| 19 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 μαλακώτερα | cc | high | Introduces the standard of comparison. |
| 20 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 σχῖνος | det | high | |
| 21 | σχῖνος | σχῖνος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 μαλακώτερα | obl | medium | ἤ after the comparatives marks comparison; expected case/agreement is syntactically compressed. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 γίνεται | punct | high | |
| 23 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 ἄλλα | det | high | |
| 24 | μέντοι | μέντοι | PART | PRT | _ | 26 ἐοικότα | discourse | high | |
| 25 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἐοικότα | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the other respects/things'. |
| 26 | ἐοικότα | ἔοικα | VERB | V-RAP-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 27 ἔχει | xcomp | high | Perfect participle of ἔοικα, functioning predicatively with τὰ ἄλλα. |
| 27 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-3-SAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 γίνεται | conj | high | Coordinates the final finite predicate with γίνεται. |
| 28 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 σχίνῳ | det | high | |
| 29 | σχίνῳ | σχῖνος | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐοικότα | obl | high | Dative complement with ἐοικότα, expressing resemblance to the σχῖνος. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 γίνεται | punct | high |