Grammar parses for passage 10.37.5
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ πεδίον τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς Κίρρας ψιλόν ἐστιν ἅπαν, καὶ φυτεύειν δένδρα οὐκ ἐθέλουσιν ἢ ἔκ τινος ἀρᾶς ἢ ἀχρεῖον τὴν γῆν ἐς δένδρων τροφὴν εἰδότες.
The sentence has a copular first clause; φυτεύειν is the accusative-and-infinitive complement of ἐθέλουσιν, with δένδρα as its object. The final participial phrase gives the alternatives motivating their refusal; ἀχρεῖον is predicative accusative with τὴν γῆν understood as the object-oriented subject of εἰδότες.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 πεδίον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 9 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | πεδίον | πεδίον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ψιλόν | det | medium | Relative/descriptive article introducing the following prepositional phrase. |
| 5 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 7 Κίρρας | case | high | |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Κίρρας | det | high | |
| 7 | Κίρρας | Κίρρα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 πεδίον | nmod | high | |
| 8 | ψιλόν | ψιλός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 πεδίον | amod | high | Predicative adjective agreeing with πεδίον. |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἅπαν | ἅπας | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ψιλόν | advmod | medium | Predicative/absolute qualifier meaning ‘entirely’; syntactically attached to ψιλόν. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 16 ἐθέλουσιν | cc | high | |
| 13 | φυτεύειν | φυτεύω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 ἐθέλουσιν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐθέλουσιν. |
| 14 | δένδρα | δένδρον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 φυτεύειν | obj | high | |
| 15 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 16 ἐθέλουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 16 | ἐθέλουσιν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἐστιν | conj | high | Coordinated predicate; subject is implicit ‘they’. |
| 17 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C | _ | 18 ἔκ | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἔκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 20 ἀρᾶς | case | high | |
| 19 | τινος | τις | PRON | X-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 20 ἀρᾶς | det | medium | Indefinite pronoun modifying ἀρᾶς. |
| 20 | ἀρᾶς | ἀρά | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 εἰδότες | obl | high | First alternative cause with ἔκ. |
| 21 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C | _ | 22 ἀχρεῖον | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἀχρεῖον | ἀχρεῖος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 εἰδότες | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative in the second alternative; construction is elliptical. |
| 23 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 γῆν | det | high | |
| 24 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 εἰδότες | obj | medium | Object of εἰδότες; also understood with predicative ἀχρεῖον. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 27 τροφὴν | case | high | |
| 26 | δένδρων | δένδρον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 τροφὴν | nmod | high | |
| 27 | τροφὴν | τροφή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 εἰδότες | obl | high | Goal/purpose complement of εἰδότες: ‘for the nourishment of trees’. |
| 28 | εἰδότες | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 16 ἐθέλουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with the implicit subject of ἐθέλουσιν. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high |
λέγεται δὲ ἐς τὴν Κίρραν καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Κίρρας τὸ ὄνομα τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν τεθῆναι τῷ χωρίῳ φασίν.
Two finite verbs frame an impersonal/passive naming construction: λέγεται is the matrix predicate, while φασίν introduces an accusative-and-infinitive clause (τὸ ὄνομα ... τεθῆναι τῷ χωρίῳ); τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν is an attributive temporal/relative phrase modifying ὄνομα, with ἐφʼ ἡμῶν interpreted as ‘in our time’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-3S-PMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 18 φασίν | parataxis | medium | Impersonal/passive ‘it is said’; syntactically coordinated or loosely linked with φασίν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Κίρραν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Κίρραν | det | high | |
| 5 | Κίρραν | Κίρρα | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ὄνομα | obl | medium | Prepositional complement indicating the source/name association for ὄνομα. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἀπὸ | cc | high | Coordinates the two prepositional phrases. |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 Κίρρας | case | high | |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Κίρρας | det | high | |
| 9 | Κίρρας | Κίρρα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ὄνομα | obl | high | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 11 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 τεθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive τεθῆναι in the reported clause. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὄνομα | det | high | Article of the attributive participial phrase. |
| 13 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ἡμῶν | case | high | Elided form ἐπʼ before ἡμῶν. |
| 14 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | P-G1P | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1 | 13 ἐφʼ | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐπί; idiomatically ‘in our time’. |
| 15 | τεθῆναι | τίθημι | VERB | V-RAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 18 φασίν | xcomp | high | Perfect passive infinitive, complement of φασίν. |
| 16 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 χωρίῳ | det | high | |
| 17 | χωρίῳ | χωρίον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 τεθῆναι | iobj | medium | Dative recipient/goal: the name was given to the place. |
| 18 | φασίν | φημί | VERB | V-3P-PAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Matrix reporting verb, with τεθῆναι as infinitival complement. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 18 φασίν | punct | high |
Ὅμηρος μέντοι Κρῖσαν ἔν τε Ἰλιάδι ὁμοίως καὶ ὕμνῳ τῷ ἐς Ἀπόλλωνα ὀνόματι τῷ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καλεῖ τὴν πόλιν.
Ὅμηρος is the subject of καλεῖ; Κρῖσαν is the object, with τὴν πόλιν appositional/predicative clarification. The two dative phrases coordinate: ἐν Ἰλιάδι and ὕμνῳ, while τῷ ἐς Ἀπόλλωνα and τῷ ἐξ ἀρχῆς modify ὕμνῳ/ὀνόματι; ὀνόματι is an instrumental/manner dative with καλεῖ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N——NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 καλεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μέντοι | μέντοι | PART | D—— | _ | 17 καλεῖ | discourse | high | |
| 3 | Κρῖσαν | Κρῖσα | PROPN | N——ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 καλεῖ | obj | high | Place-name; accusative object of καλεῖ. |
| 4 | ἔν | ἐν | ADP | P—— | _ | 6 Ἰλιάδι | case | high | |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 6 Ἰλιάδι | cc | high | |
| 6 | Ἰλιάδι | Ἰλιάς | PROPN | N——DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 καλεῖ | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν. |
| 7 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | D—— | _ | 17 καλεῖ | advmod | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 9 ὕμνῳ | cc | high | |
| 9 | ὕμνῳ | ὕμνος | NOUN | N——DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 καλεῖ | obl | high | Coordinated with Ἰλιάδι; dative of reference/context. |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | P——DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὕμνῳ | det | high | |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P—— | _ | 12 Ἀπόλλωνα | case | high | |
| 12 | Ἀπόλλωνα | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N——ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὕμνῳ | nmod | high | Object of ἐς; τῷ ἐς Ἀπόλλωνα modifies ὕμνῳ. |
| 13 | ὀνόματι | ὄνομα | NOUN | N——DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 καλεῖ | obl | medium | Dative of means/manner: ‘by the name’; syntactically also closely associated with τῷ ἐξ ἀρχῆς. |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | P——DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ὀνόματι | det | high | |
| 15 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | P—— | _ | 16 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 16 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N——GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ὀνόματι | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐξ. |
| 17 | καλεῖ | καλέω | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P——ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 19 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N——ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Κρῖσαν | appos | medium | Accusative apposition/epexegesis to Κρῖσαν, ‘the city of Crisa’. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 καλεῖ | punct | high |
χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον οἱ ἐν τῇ Κίρρᾳ ἄλλα τε ἠσέβησαν ἐς τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα καὶ ἀπέτεμνον τοῦ θεοῦ τῆς χώρας.
Main clause has coordinated imperfect/aorist verbs with οἱ ἐν τῇ Κίρρᾳ as subject; ἄλλα is the accusative object of both verbs, while τοῦ θεοῦ τῆς χώρας is a genitive phrase dependent on ἀπέτεμνον, with the ellipted object understood from context (land belonging to the god).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χρόνῳ | χρόνος | NOUN | N-dat-sg-m | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὕστερον | obl | high | Dative of temporal circumstance: after some time. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Cთ | _ | 10 ἠσέβησαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | Adverb | _ | 10 ἠσέβησαν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, later/afterwards. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-art-nom-pl-m | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἠσέβησαν | nsubj | high | Article substantivized with the following prepositional phrase. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 7 Κίρρᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-art-dat-sg-f | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Κίρρᾳ | det | high | Article modifying Κίρρᾳ. |
| 7 | Κίρρᾳ | Κίρρα | PROPN | N-pro-dat-sg-f | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 οἱ | nmod | high | Place name governed by ἐν; the article plus phrase substantivizes the inhabitants. |
| 8 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | PRON | A-pρα-nom/acc-pl-neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἠσέβησαν | obj | medium | Neuter plural accusative, object of ἠσέβησαν and likely shared with ἀπέτεμνον. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 10 ἠσέβησαν | cc | high | Correlative connective attached to the first coordinated predicate/object sequence. |
| 10 | ἠσέβησαν | ἀσεβέω | VERB | V-aor-act-ind-3pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated finite predicate. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 13 Ἀπόλλωνα | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 12 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-art-acc-sg-m | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀπόλλωνα | det | high | Article modifying Ἀπόλλωνα. |
| 13 | Ἀπόλλωνα | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-pro-acc-sg-m | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἠσέβησαν | obl | high | Object of the preposition ἐς, marking the deity offended. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 15 ἀπέτεμνον | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite predicate. |
| 15 | ἀπέτεμνον | ἀποτέμνω | VERB | V-impf-act-ind-3pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 10 ἠσέβησαν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate; imperfect. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-art-gen-sg-m/neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 θεοῦ | det | medium | Article agrees with θεοῦ; gender formally masculine here. |
| 17 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-gen-sg-m | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀπέτεμνον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀπέτεμνον, indicating what belonged to the god. |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-art-gen-sg-f | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 χώρας | det | high | Article modifying χώρας. |
| 19 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-gen-sg-f | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 θεοῦ | nmod | high | Dependent genitive, specifying the god's land/territory. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἠσέβησαν | punct | high |