Grammar parses for passage 10.37.7
Open translation for this passage
εὑρέθη δὲ καὶ ἕτερον τῷ Σόλωνι σόφισμα ἐς τοὺς Κιρραίους· τοῦ γὰρ Πλείστου τὸ ὕδωρ ῥέον διὰ ὀχετοῦ σφισιν ἐς τὴν πόλιν ἀπέστρεψεν ἀλλαχόσε ὁ Σόλων.
The first clause has a passive predicate with σόφισμα as subject; the following γάρ clause explains the stratagem, with ὕδωρ as the object of ἀπέστρεψεν and the subject of the agreeing participle ῥέον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εὑρέθη | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-3Aor-Ind-Pass-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 7 σόφισμα | cop | high | Aorist passive, impersonal/personal passive construction: a stratagem was found. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 εὑρέθη | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἕτερον | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also’. |
| 4 | ἕτερον | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 σόφισμα | amod | high | Neuter nominative agreeing with σόφισμα. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Σόλωνι | det | high | |
| 6 | Σόλωνι | Σόλων | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 σόφισμα | iobj | high | Dative of agent/association with σόφισμα. |
| 7 | σόφισμα | σόφισμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 εὑρέθη | nsubj:pass | high | Passive subject of εὑρέθη. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 Κιρραίους | case | high | |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Κιρραίους | det | high | |
| 10 | Κιρραίους | Κιρραῖος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 σόφισμα | obl | high | Prepositional phrase specifying the target of the stratagem. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 σόφισμα | punct | high | |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Πλείστου | det | high | |
| 13 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | CONJ | _ | 24 ἀπέστρεψεν | discourse | medium | Explanatory particle; relation label reflects discourse function. |
| 14 | Πλείστου | Πλείστος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὕδωρ, ‘water of the Pleistos’. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 16 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἀπέστρεψεν | obj | high | Subject of ῥέον and object of ἀπέστρεψεν; coordinated participial phrase. |
| 17 | ῥέον | ῥέω | VERB | V-PAP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 ὕδωρ | acl | high | Present active participle agreeing with ὕδωρ. |
| 18 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 ὀχετοῦ | case | high | διά with genitive. |
| 19 | ὀχετοῦ | ὀχετός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ῥέον | obl | high | |
| 20 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 23 πόλιν | iobj | high | Dative of affected recipients, ‘for them’. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 23 πόλιν | case | high | |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 23 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἀπέστρεψεν | obl | high | Destination of the water flow. |
| 24 | ἀπέστρεψεν | ἀποστρέφω | VERB | V-3Aor-Ind-Act-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of the explanatory clause. |
| 25 | ἀλλαχόσε | ἀλλαχόσε | ADV | ADV | _ | 24 ἀπέστρεψεν | advmod | high | Directional adverb, ‘elsewhere’. |
| 26 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 Σόλων | det | high | |
| 27 | Σόλων | Σόλων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἀπέστρεψεν | nsubj | high | Agentive subject of ἀπέστρεψεν. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἀπέστρεψεν | punct | high |
καὶ οἱ μὲν πρὸς τοὺς πολιορκοῦντας ἔτι ἀντεῖχον ἔκ τε φρεάτων καὶ ὕδωρ τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ πίνοντες· ὁ δὲ τοῦ ἐλλεβόρου τὰς ῥίζας ἐμβαλὼν ἐς τὸν Πλεῖστον, ἐπειδὴ ἱκανῶς τοῦ φαρμάκου τὸ ὕδωρ ᾔσθετο ἔχον, ἀπέστρεψεν αὖθις ἐς τὸν ὀχετόν.
The sentence contains coordinated μέν/δέ clauses; αἰσθάνομαι takes an accusative subject and predicative participle. The first clause is coordinated to the second at discourse level, while the second finite predicate is treated as the principal root.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἀντεῖχον | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀντεῖχον | nsubj | high | Substantivized article. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἀντεῖχον | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with later δέ. |
| 4 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 6 πολιορκοῦντας | case | high | |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 πολιορκοῦντας | det | high | |
| 6 | πολιορκοῦντας | πολιορκέω | VERB | PresActPart | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἀντεῖχον | obl | high | Substantival participle, object of πρός. |
| 7 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 8 ἀντεῖχον | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἀντεῖχον | ἀντέχω | VERB | ImpActInd | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἔκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 11 φρεάτων | case | high | |
| 10 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 11 φρεάτων | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 11 | φρεάτων | φρέαρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 πίνοντες | obl | high | Source with ἐκ. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ὕδωρ | cc | high | |
| 13 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 πίνοντες | obj | high | Coordinated object of πίνοντες. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 15 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 17 θεοῦ | case | high | |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 17 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ modifies ὕδωρ. |
| 18 | πίνοντες | πίνω | VERB | PresActPart | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἀντεῖχον | advcl | high | Participial adjunct sharing subject with ἀντεῖχον. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀντεῖχον | punct | high | |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 40 ἀπέστρεψεν | nsubj | high | Substantivized article. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 40 ἀπέστρεψεν | discourse | high | Correlative contrast with μέν. |
| 22 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἐλλεβόρου | det | high | |
| 23 | ἐλλεβόρου | ἐλλέβορος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ῥίζας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ῥίζας. |
| 24 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 ῥίζας | det | high | |
| 25 | ῥίζας | ῥίζα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 ἐμβαλὼν | obj | high | |
| 26 | ἐμβαλὼν | ἐμβάλλω | VERB | AorActPart | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 40 ἀπέστρεψεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject coreferential with ὁ. |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 29 Πλεῖστον | case | high | |
| 28 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 Πλεῖστον | det | high | |
| 29 | Πλεῖστον | Πλεῖστος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐμβαλὼν | obl | high | River name. |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἐμβαλὼν | punct | high | |
| 31 | ἐπειδὴ | ἐπειδή | SCONJ | _ | _ | 37 ᾔσθετο | mark | high | |
| 32 | ἱκανῶς | ἱκανῶς | ADV | _ | _ | 38 ἔχον | advmod | high | |
| 33 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 φαρμάκου | det | high | |
| 34 | φαρμάκου | φάρμακον | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 38 ἔχον | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with ἔχον. |
| 35 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 36 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 ᾔσθετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾔσθετο. |
| 37 | ᾔσθετο | αἰσθάνομαι | VERB | AorMidInd | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 40 ἀπέστρεψεν | advcl | high | Finite verb of the ἐπειδή clause. |
| 38 | ἔχον | ἔχω | VERB | PresActPart | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 37 ᾔσθετο | xcomp | medium | Accusative participle predicated of τὸ ὕδωρ, governed by αἰσθάνομαι. |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 ᾔσθετο | punct | high | |
| 40 | ἀπέστρεψεν | ἀποστρέφω | VERB | AorActInd | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of the second μέν/δέ member. |
| 41 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | _ | _ | 40 ἀπέστρεψεν | advmod | high | |
| 42 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 44 ὀχετόν | case | high | |
| 43 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 44 ὀχετόν | det | high | |
| 44 | ὀχετόν | ὀχετός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 40 ἀπέστρεψεν | obl | high | |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 40 ἀπέστρεψεν | punct | high |
καὶ---ἐνεφορήσαντο γὰρ ἀνέδην οἱ Κιρραῖοι τοῦ ὕδατος--- καὶ οἱ μὲν ὑπὸ ἀπαύστου τῆς διαρροίας ἐξέλιπον οἱ ἐπὶ τοῦ τείχους τὴν φρουράν,
The sentence has two coordinated finite clauses. In the second, οἱ ἐπὶ τοῦ τείχους is a substantival phrase referring to those on the wall; ὑπὸ ἀπαύστου τῆς διαρροίας expresses the cause of their collapse/departure.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 ἐξέλιπον | cc | high | |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 5 | ἐνεφορήσαντο | ἐμφορέομαι | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist middle, with subject οἱ Κιρραῖοι; lexical parsing follows ἐμφορέομαι. |
| 6 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 7 | ἀνέδην | ἀνέδην | ADV | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | advmod | medium | Adverb, meaning without restraint/abundantly. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Κιρραῖοι | det | high | |
| 9 | Κιρραῖοι | Κιρραῖος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic proper name used substantivally. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὕδατος | det | high | |
| 11 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | obj | medium | Genitive dependent on ἐνεφορήσαντο in the sense of filling/partaking of water. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 ἐξέλιπον | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the first. |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐξέλιπον | nsubj | medium | Substantival article, with following participial modifier. |
| 17 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 16 οἱ | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart may be outside the supplied sentence. |
| 18 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 19 ἀπαύστου | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 19 | ἀπαύστου | ἄπαυστος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 διαρροίας | amod | high | Feminine genitive agreeing with διαρροίας. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 διαρροίας | det | high | |
| 21 | διαρροίας | διαρροία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐξέλιπον | obl | high | Genitive object of ὑπό, expressing cause/agency. |
| 22 | ἐξέλιπον | ἐκλείπω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | conj | high | Finite verb coordinated with ἐνεφορήσαντο. |
| 23 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἐπὶ | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 24 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 26 τείχους | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 25 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 τείχους | det | high | |
| 26 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπὶ | obl | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 27 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 φρουράν | det | high | |
| 28 | φρουράν | φρουρά | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐξέλιπον | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐξέλιπον: they abandoned the guard/watch. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐξέλιπον | punct | high |