Grammar parses for passage 10.37.7
Open translation for this passage
εὑρέθη δὲ καὶ ἕτερον τῷ Σόλωνι σόφισμα ἐς τοὺς Κιρραίους· τοῦ γὰρ Πλείστου τὸ ὕδωρ ῥέον διὰ ὀχετοῦ σφισιν ἐς τὴν πόλιν ἀπέστρεψεν ἀλλαχόσε ὁ Σόλων.
The syntax is largely straightforward, but ἐς τοὺς Κιρραίους and ἐς τὴν πόλιν both function as goal/goal-like obliques, while ῥέον forms a participial circumstance modifying the second finite verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εὑρέθη | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verbal root. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | D-------- | _ | 1 εὑρέθη | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἕτερον | cc | high | Connects ἕτερον with implicit prior item. |
| 4 | ἕτερον | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-NSA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 σόφισμα | amod | high | Attributive modifier of σόφισμα. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 σόφισμα | det | high | Article with proper name. |
| 6 | Σόλωνι | Σόλων | PROPN | N-DSM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 σόφισμα | nmod | high | Dative of possession/association. |
| 7 | σόφισμα | σόφισμα | NOUN | N-NSA-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 εὑρέθη | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of εὑρέθη. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Κιρραίους | case | high | Preposition governing Κιρραίους. |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 Κιρραίους | det | high | Article with ethnonym. |
| 10 | Κιρραίους | Κιρραῖος | PROPN | A-APM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 εὑρέθη | obl | medium | Directional/goal phrase with ἐς. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εὑρέθη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Πλείστου | det | high | Article modifying Πλείστου. |
| 13 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 24 ἀπέστρεψεν | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 14 | Πλείστου | Πλείστος | PROPN | A-GSM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ὕδωρ. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ὕδωρ | det | high | Article with ὕδωρ. |
| 16 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-NSA-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ῥέον | nsubj | high | Subject of ῥέον. |
| 17 | ῥέον | ῥέω | VERB | V-PAP-NSA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἀπέστρεψεν | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying ἀπέστρεψεν. |
| 18 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 ὀχετοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing ὀχετοῦ. |
| 19 | ὀχετοῦ | ὀχετός | NOUN | N-GSM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ῥέον | obl | medium | Means/path phrase with διά. |
| 20 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 24 ἀπέστρεψεν | iobj | high | Dative recipient/affected party. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 πόλιν | case | high | Preposition governing πόλιν. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 πόλιν | det | high | Article with πόλιν. |
| 23 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἀπέστρεψεν | obl | high | Goal phrase with ἐς. |
| 24 | ἀπέστρεψεν | ἀποστρέφω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 εὑρέθη | conj | high | Main coordinated event under εὑρέθη. |
| 25 | ἀλλαχόσε | ἀλλαχόσε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 24 ἀπέστρεψεν | advmod | high | Adverb of direction. |
| 26 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 Σόλων | det | high | Article with Σόλων. |
| 27 | Σόλων | Σόλων | PROPN | N-NSM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἀπέστρεψεν | nsubj | high | Agent/subject of ἀπέστρεψεν. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εὑρέθη | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
καὶ οἱ μὲν πρὸς τοὺς πολιορκοῦντας ἔτι ἀντεῖχον ἔκ τε φρεάτων καὶ ὕδωρ τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ πίνοντες· ὁ δὲ τοῦ ἐλλεβόρου τὰς ῥίζας ἐμβαλὼν ἐς τὸν Πλεῖστον, ἐπειδὴ ἱκανῶς τοῦ φαρμάκου τὸ ὕδωρ ᾔσθετο ἔχον, ἀπέστρεψεν αὖθις ἐς τὸν ὀχετόν.
Two coordinated main clauses: the first with a participial accompaniment, the second with a participial absolute-like sequence and an ἐπειδή temporal clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἀντεῖχον | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking clauses. |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 ἀντεῖχον | nsubj | high | Article functioning as substantive subject with μὲν. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 2 οἱ | discourse | high | Discourse particle. |
| 4 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 6 πολιορκοῦντας | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 πολιορκοῦντας | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 6 | πολιορκοῦντας | πολιορκέω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 πρὸς | obl | high | Present active participle used substantively with πρός. |
| 7 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 8 ἀντεῖχον | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀντεῖχον. |
| 8 | ἀντεῖχον | ἀντέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 9 | ἔκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 11 φρεάτων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 10 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἔκ | discourse | high | Enclitic coordinating particle with καὶ. |
| 11 | φρεάτων | φρέαρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἀντεῖχον | obl | high | Source/location phrase dependent on ἀντεῖχον. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 πίνοντες | cc | high | Coordinates the participial phrase elements. |
| 13 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 πίνοντες | obj | high | Direct object of πίνοντες. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 πίνοντες | det | high | Article modifying ὕδωρ in relative-like phrase. |
| 15 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 17 θεοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 θεοῦ | det | high | Article modifying θεοῦ. |
| 17 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ. |
| 18 | πίνοντες | πίνω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 2 οἱ | acl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with οἱ. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀντεῖχον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 40 ἀπέστρεψεν | nsubj | high | Article functioning as substantive subject. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 20 ὁ | discourse | high | Discourse particle marking contrast. |
| 22 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ἐλλεβόρου | det | high | Article with ἐλλεβόρου. |
| 23 | ἐλλεβόρου | ἐλλέβορος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ῥίζας | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ῥίζας. |
| 24 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 ῥίζας | det | high | Article modifying ῥίζας. |
| 25 | ῥίζας | ῥίζα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 ἐμβαλὼν | obj | high | Object of ἐμβαλών. |
| 26 | ἐμβαλὼν | ἐμβάλλω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 40 ἀπέστρεψεν | advcl | high | Aorist participle modifying the subject of ἀπέστρεψεν. |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 29 Πλεῖστον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 28 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 Πλεῖστον | det | high | Article modifying Πλεῖστον. |
| 29 | Πλεῖστον | Πλειστός | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐμβαλὼν | obl | high | Goal of ἐμβαλών. |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 40 ἀπέστρεψεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 31 | ἐπειδὴ | ἐπειδή | SCONJ | _ | _ | 40 ἀπέστρεψεν | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing temporal clause. |
| 32 | ἱκανῶς | ἱκανῶς | ADV | _ | _ | 37 ᾔσθετο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ᾔσθετο. |
| 33 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 34 φαρμάκου | det | high | Article with φαρμάκου. |
| 34 | φαρμάκου | φάρμακον | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ὕδωρ. |
| 35 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 36 ὕδωρ | det | high | Article modifying ὕδωρ. |
| 36 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 ᾔσθετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾔσθετο. |
| 37 | ᾔσθετο | αἰσθάνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 40 ἀπέστρεψεν | advcl | high | Finite temporal/causal subordinate clause. |
| 38 | ἔχον | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 36 ὕδωρ | acl | high | Participial complement/modifier of ὕδωρ. |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 ᾔσθετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 40 | ἀπέστρεψεν | ἀποστρέφω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 41 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | _ | _ | 40 ἀπέστρεψεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀπέστρεψεν. |
| 42 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 44 ὀχετόν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 43 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 44 ὀχετόν | det | high | Article modifying ὀχετόν. |
| 44 | ὀχετόν | ὀχετός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 40 ἀπέστρεψεν | obl | high | Goal of ἀπέστρεψεν. |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 40 ἀπέστρεψεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ---ἐνεφορήσαντο γὰρ ἀνέδην οἱ Κιρραῖοι τοῦ ὕδατος--- καὶ οἱ μὲν ὑπὸ ἀπαύστου τῆς διαρροίας ἐξέλιπον οἱ ἐπὶ τοῦ τείχους τὴν φρουράν,
The second clause has some awkward apposition/ellipsis: οἱ μὲν ὑπὸ ἀπαύστου τῆς διαρροίας ἐξέλιπον οἱ ἐπὶ τοῦ τείχους τὴν φρουράν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction opening the clause. |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | punct | high | Hyphen/punctuation mark. |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | punct | high | Hyphen/punctuation mark. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | punct | high | Hyphen/punctuation mark. |
| 5 | ἐνεφορήσαντο | ἐνεφορέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; root of first clause. |
| 6 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 7 | ἀνέδην | ἀνέδην | ADV | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the verb. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Κιρραῖοι | det | high | Article with Κιρραῖοι. |
| 9 | Κιρραῖοι | Κιρραῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνεφορήσαντο. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ὕδατος | det | high | Article with ὕδατος. |
| 11 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | obl | high | Genitive complement indicating the thing from which they were supplied. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | punct | high | Hyphen/punctuation mark. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | punct | high | Hyphen/punctuation mark. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐνεφορήσαντο | punct | high | Hyphen/punctuation mark. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 ἐξέλιπον | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking the next clause. |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 ἐξέλιπον | nsubj | medium | Article used substantively, subject of ἐξέλιπον. |
| 17 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 16 οἱ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 18 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 22 ἐξέλιπον | obl | medium | Introduces causal/ablative phrase. |
| 19 | ἀπαύστου | ἀπαυστος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 διαρροίας | amod | medium | Adjective modifying διαρροίας; form somewhat uncertain. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 διαρροίας | det | high | Article with διαρροίας. |
| 21 | διαρροίας | διαρροή | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ὑπὸ | obj | high | Object/complement of ὑπό within the phrase. |
| 22 | ἐξέλιπον | ἐκλείπω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause. |
| 23 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 28 φρουράν | det | high | Article with φρουράν, though syntax is irregular. |
| 24 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 28 φρουράν | case | high | Preposition introducing a modifier of φρουράν. |
| 25 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 τείχους | det | high | Article with τείχους. |
| 26 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπὶ | obl | medium | Object of ἐπί in a genitival phrase. |
| 27 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 φρουράν | det | high | Article with φρουράν. |
| 28 | φρουράν | φρουρά | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐξέλιπον | obj | medium | Likely object of ἐξέλιπον; the intervening phrase ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ τείχους is syntactically awkward. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐξέλιπον | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |