Grammar parses for passage 10.38.10
Open translation for this passage
κληθῆναι δὲ ἀπὸ γυναικὸς ἢ νύμφης τεκμαίρομαι τὴν πόλιν, ἐπεὶ ἐπὶ Ναυπάκτῳ γε οἶδα εἰρημένον ὡς Δωριεῖς οἱ ὁμοῦ τοῖς Ἀριστομάχου παισὶ τὰ πλοῖα αὐτόθι ἐποιήσαντο, οἷς ἐς Πελοπόννησον ἐπεραιώθησαν· καὶ ἀντὶ τούτου γενέσθαι τὸ ὄνομα τῷ χωρίῳ φασί.
The syntax is centered on τεκμαίρομαι with an infinitival clause; ἐπεί introduces a causal/parenthetical evidential clause, and the final φασί-clause is coordinated as an additional report.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κληθῆναι | καλέω | VERB | V-AAN | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 7 τεκμαίρομαι | ccomp | high | Infinitive clause governed by τεκμαίρομαι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 7 τεκμαίρομαι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R | _ | 4 γυναικὸς | case | high | Introduces source/origin phrase. |
| 4 | γυναικὸς | γυνή | NOUN | N-SF-GS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 κληθῆναι | obl | high | Dependent of κληθῆναι. |
| 5 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 νύμφης | cc | high | Coordinator in genitive phrase. |
| 6 | νύμφης | νύμφη | NOUN | N-SF-GS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 γυναικὸς | conj | high | Coordinate with γυναικὸς. |
| 7 | τεκμαίρομαι | τεκμαίρομαι | VERB | V-PMI-1S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 πόλιν | det | high | Article modifying πόλιν. |
| 9 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-SF-AS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 κληθῆναι | obj | high | Object of κληθῆναι in the infinitival clause. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 τεκμαίρομαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | CS | _ | 15 οἶδα | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction. |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 13 Ναυπάκτῳ | case | high | Preposition with locative dative. |
| 13 | Ναυπάκτῳ | Ναύπακτος | PROPN | N-SF-DS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 οἶδα | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐπί. |
| 14 | γε | γε | PART | G | _ | 15 οἶδα | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 15 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI-1S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 7 τεκμαίρομαι | advcl | high | Causal/parenthetical clause dependent on τεκμαίρομαι. |
| 16 | εἰρημένον | λέγω | VERB | V-RPP-NSA | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 οἶδα | xcomp | medium | Participle with οἶδα; syntax slightly uncertain. |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CS | _ | 27 ἐποιήσαντο | mark | high | Introduces reported content. |
| 18 | Δωριεῖς | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N-PM-NP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐποιήσαντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποιήσαντο. |
| 19 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 Δωριεῖς | det | high | Article with Δωριεῖς. |
| 20 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D | _ | 27 ἐποιήσαντο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the main reported verb. |
| 21 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 παισὶ | det | high | Article with παισὶ. |
| 22 | Ἀριστομάχου | Ἀριστόμαχος | PROPN | N-SM-GS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 παισὶ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of παισὶ. |
| 23 | παισὶ | παῖς | NOUN | N-PM-DS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐποιήσαντο | obl | high | Dative with ὁμοῦ; interpretively linked to association. |
| 24 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 πλοῖα | det | high | Article with πλοῖα. |
| 25 | πλοῖα | πλοῖον | NOUN | N-NA-NP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 ἐποιήσαντο | obj | high | Object of ἐποιήσαντο. |
| 26 | αὐτόθι | αὐτόθι | ADV | D | _ | 27 ἐποιήσαντο | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 27 | ἐποιήσαντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 15 οἶδα | ccomp | high | Verb of reported content after ὡς. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἐποιήσαντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 29 | οἷς | ὅς | PRON | P-PM-D | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 32 ἐπεραιώθησαν | obl | high | Relative pronoun referring to the ships. |
| 30 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 31 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 31 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-SF-AS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ἐπεραιώθησαν | obl | high | Goal phrase with ἐς. |
| 32 | ἐπεραιώθησαν | περαιόω | VERB | V-AIP-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 27 ἐποιήσαντο | advcl | medium | Likely subordinate relative clause; passive form with intransitive sense. |
| 33 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 τεκμαίρομαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 42 φασί | cc | high | Connects second reported clause. |
| 35 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | R | _ | 36 τούτου | case | high | Preposition. |
| 36 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 39 ὄνομα | nmod | medium | Genitive after ἀντί; function slightly uncertain. |
| 37 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-ANM | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 42 φασί | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασί. |
| 38 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 39 ὄνομα | det | high | Article with ὄνομα. |
| 39 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NS-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Subject of γενέσθαι. |
| 40 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 41 χωρίῳ | det | high | Article with χωρίῳ. |
| 41 | χωρίῳ | χωρίον | NOUN | N-DS-N | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Dative of reference/recipient with γενέσθαι. |
| 42 | φασί | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 τεκμαίρομαι | conj | high | Coordinate finite verb with τεκμαίρομαι. |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 τεκμαίρομαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τὰ δέ μοι Ναυπακτίων, ὡς τοῖς ἐς Ἰθώμην ἀποστᾶσιν ὁμοῦ τῷ σεισμῷ τῷ ἐν Λακεδαίμονι Ἀθηναῖοι Ναύπακτον ἐνοικῆσαί σφισιν ἔδοσαν ἀφελόμενοι τοὺς Λοκροὺς καὶ ὡς τοῦ Ἀθηναίων ὕστερον πταίσματος τοῦ ἐν Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς Λακεδαιμόνιοι τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ἐδίωξαν καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ναυπάκτου, τάδε μὲν ἐπεξῆλθέ μοι καὶ ἐς πλέον ἡ Μεσσηνία συγγραφή·
The sentence has two ὡς-clauses giving historical explanations, with ἐπεξῆλθε as the concluding main verb and several participial modifiers.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 44 τάδε | det | high | Article with τάδε. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 44 τάδε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 46 ἐπεξῆλθέ | iobj | high | Dative of interest with ἐπεξῆλθε. |
| 4 | Ναυπακτίων | Ναυπάκτιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 τὰ | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier of τὰ; could be substantivized adjective. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 44 τάδε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 21 ἔδοσαν | mark | high | Introduces reported explanation. |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 ἀποστᾶσιν | det | high | Article with ἀποστᾶσιν. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 9 Ἰθώμην | case | high | Preposition governing Ἰθώμην. |
| 9 | Ἰθώμην | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀποστᾶσιν | nmod | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 10 | ἀποστᾶσιν | ἀφίστημι | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἔδοσαν | obl | medium | Aorist active participle; dative plural with article. |
| 11 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | _ | _ | 21 ἔδοσαν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔδοσαν. |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 σεισμῷ | det | high | Article with σεισμῷ. |
| 13 | σεισμῷ | σεισμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἔδοσαν | obl | high | Instrumental/temporal dative. |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Λακεδαίμονι | det | high | Article with Λακεδαίμονι. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 16 Λακεδαίμονι | case | high | Preposition. |
| 16 | Λακεδαίμονι | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 σεισμῷ | nmod | high | Prepositional modifier of σεισμῷ. |
| 17 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἔδοσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔδοσαν. |
| 18 | Ναύπακτον | Ναύπακτος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἐνοικῆσαί | obj | high | Object of ἐνοικῆσαί. |
| 19 | ἐνοικῆσαί | ἐνοικέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 21 ἔδοσαν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of ἔδοσαν. |
| 20 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 19 ἐνοικῆσαί | iobj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary with infinitive. |
| 21 | ἔδοσαν | δίδωμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first explanatory clause. |
| 22 | ἀφελόμενοι | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 21 ἔδοσαν | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle modifying Ἀθηναῖοι. |
| 23 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 Λοκροὺς | det | high | Article with Λοκρούς. |
| 24 | Λοκροὺς | Λοκρός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀφελόμενοι | obj | high | Object of ἀφελόμενοι. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 39 καὶ | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 26 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 38 ἐδίωξαν | mark | high | Introduces second reported explanation. |
| 27 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 πταίσματος | det | high | Article with πταίσματος. |
| 28 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 πταίσματος | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of πταίσματος. |
| 29 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 30 πταίσματος | advmod | high | Adverb modifying πταίσματος. |
| 30 | πταίσματος | πταῖσμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 38 ἐδίωξαν | obl | high | Genitive dependent in the ὡς-clause. |
| 31 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 34 ποταμοῖς | det | high | Article with ποταμοῖς. |
| 32 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 34 ποταμοῖς | case | high | Preposition. |
| 33 | Αἰγὸς | Αἴγος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 ποταμοῖς | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ποταμοῖς. |
| 34 | ποταμοῖς | ποταμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 πταίσματος | nmod | high | Locative dative with ἐν. |
| 35 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 ἐδίωξαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐδίωξαν. |
| 36 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 37 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίους. |
| 37 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 ἐδίωξαν | obj | high | Object of ἐδίωξαν. |
| 38 | ἐδίωξαν | διώκω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 26 ὡς | advcl | high | Verb of second ὡς-clause. |
| 39 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 38 ἐδίωξαν | cc | high | Links ἐκ τῆς Ναυπάκτου to preceding object phrase. |
| 40 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 42 Ναυπάκτου | case | high | Preposition. |
| 41 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 42 Ναυπάκτου | det | high | Article with Ναυπάκτου. |
| 42 | Ναυπάκτου | Ναύπακτος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 ἐδίωξαν | obl | high | Source ablative with ἐκ. |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 ἐδίωξαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 44 | τάδε | ὅδε | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 46 ἐπεξῆλθέ | obj | high | Demonstrative object of ἐπεξῆλθε. |
| 45 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 46 ἐπεξῆλθέ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 46 | ἐπεξῆλθέ | ἐπεξέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of concluding sentence. |
| 47 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 46 ἐπεξῆλθέ | iobj | high | Dative of interest with ἐπεξῆλθε. |
| 48 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 46 ἐπεξῆλθέ | cc | high | Coordinates ἐς πλέον with τάδε μὲν ἐπεξῆλθε. |
| 49 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 50 πλέον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 50 | πλέον | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 46 ἐπεξῆλθέ | obl | high | Adverbial accusative with ἐς, 'further'. |
| 51 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 53 συγγραφή | det | high | Article with συγγραφή. |
| 52 | Μεσσηνία | Μεσσηνία | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 53 συγγραφή | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying συγγραφή. |
| 53 | συγγραφή | συγγραφή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 46 ἐπεξῆλθέ | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπεξῆλθε. |
| 54 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 46 ἐπεξῆλθέ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐκλιπόντων δὲ ὑπὸ ἀνάγκης τῶν Μεσσηνίων, οὕτως οἱ Λοκροὶ συνελέγχθησαν αὖθις ἐς τὴν Ναύπακτον.
The opening genitive absolute is attached to the main clause; ὑπὸ ἀνάγκης is taken as the internal cause phrase within it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐκλιπόντων | ἐκλείπω | VERB | PAPG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 συνελέγχθησαν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 συνελέγχθησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 4 ἀνάγκης | case | high | Introduces genitive complement. |
| 4 | ἀνάγκης | ἀνάγκη | NOUN | N-SFG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐκλιπόντων | obl | high | Object of ὑπό within genitive absolute. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσηνίων. |
| 6 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐκλιπόντων | nsubj | medium | Genitive plural subject of the participle; treated as proper ethnicon. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 συνελέγχθησαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | D | _ | 11 συνελέγχθησαν | advmod | high | Modifies the finite verb/result clause. |
| 9 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 Λοκροὶ | det | high | Article modifying Λοκροὶ. |
| 10 | Λοκροὶ | Λοκρός | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 συνελέγχθησαν | nsubj | high | Subject of συνελέγχθησαν. |
| 11 | συνελέγχθησαν | συνελέγχω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 12 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D | _ | 11 συνελέγχθησαν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 15 Ναύπακτον | case | high | Introduces motion phrase. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Ναύπακτον | det | high | Article modifying Ναύπακτον. |
| 15 | Ναύπακτον | Ναύπακτος | PROPN | A-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 συνελέγχθησαν | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 συνελέγχθησαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |