Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.38.2

← 10.38.1 10.38.3 →

Passage 10.38.2

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed

76Greek tokens

1,889input tokens

5,509output tokens

Sentence 1

10.38.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 40
Input: 986
Output: 2,833
Total: 3,819

οἱ δὲ Νέσσον πορθμεύοντα ἐπὶ τῷ Εὐήνῳ τρωθῆναι μὲν ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέους, οὐ μέντοι καὶ αὐτίκα γε ἀποθανεῖν ἀλλὰ ἐς τὴν γῆν ταύτην ἐκφυγεῖν νομίζουσι, καὶ ὡς ἀπέθανε σήπεσθαί τε ἄταφον καὶ ὀσμῆς τῷ ἐνταῦθα ἀέρι μεταδοῦναι δυσώδους.

The finite verb νομίζουσι governs an accusative-and-infinitive construction: Νέσσον ... τρωθῆναι, οὐ ... ἀποθανεῖν ἀλλὰ ... ἐκφυγεῖν; ὡς introduces a further infinitival content clause, with ἀπέθανε as its finite verb. The final coordinated infinitives σήπεσθαι and μεταδοῦναι depend on νομίζουσι and are predicated of Νέσσον; τῷ ... ἀέρι is the recipient of μεταδοῦναι.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	DET	At----mp-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	25 νομίζουσι	nsubj	high	Article used substantivally: ‘they’.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	25 νομίζουσι	cc	high
3	Νέσσον	Νέσσος	PROPN	Ne----ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 τρωθῆναι	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitival construction.
4	πορθμεύοντα	πορθμεύω	VERB	Vppama-s	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	3 Νέσσον	acl	high	Circumstantial participle agreeing with Νέσσον.
5	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	7 Εὐήνῳ	case	high
6	τῷ	ὁ	DET	At----ms-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 Εὐήνῳ	det	high
7	Εὐήνῳ	Εὔηνος	PROPN	Ne----md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 πορθμεύοντα	obl	high	Place with ἐπί.
8	τρωθῆναι	τιτρώσκω	VERB	Vqpan---	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	25 νομίζουσι	ccomp	high	First infinitive in the accusative-and-infinitive complement.
9	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	8 τρωθῆναι	discourse	high	Correlative with later ἀλλά.
10	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R--------	_	11 Ἡρακλέους	case	high
11	Ἡρακλέους	Ἡρακλῆς	PROPN	Ne----mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 τρωθῆναι	obl:agent	high
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	25 νομίζουσι	punct	high
13	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D--------	_	18 ἀποθανεῖν	advmod	high	Negates ἀποθανεῖν.
14	μέντοι	μέντοι	PART	G--------	_	18 ἀποθανεῖν	discourse	high	Concessive/contrastive particle.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	18 ἀποθανεῖν	cc	high
16	αὐτίκα	αὐτίκα	ADV	D--------	_	18 ἀποθανεῖν	advmod	high
17	γε	γε	PART	G--------	_	16 αὐτίκα	advmod:emph	medium	Emphatic particle attached to the temporal adverbial phrase.
18	ἀποθανεῖν	ἀποθνῄσκω	VERB	Vraan---	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	8 τρωθῆναι	conj	high	Coordinated infinitive in contrast with τρωθῆναι.
19	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	C--------	_	24 ἐκφυγεῖν	cc	high	Introduces the contrasting infinitive.
20	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	22 γῆν	case	high
21	τὴν	ὁ	DET	At----fa-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 γῆν	det	high
22	γῆν	γῆ	NOUN	Nb----fa-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	24 ἐκφυγεῖν	obl	high
23	ταύτην	οὗτος	DET	Pd---fa-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 γῆν	det	high	Demonstrative determiner.
24	ἐκφυγεῖν	ἐκφεύγω	VERB	Vraan---	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	8 τρωθῆναι	conj	high	Infinitive coordinated with ἀποθανεῖν under ἀλλά.
25	νομίζουσι	νομίζω	VERB	V3pmai---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	25 νομίζουσι	punct	high
27	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	30 σήπεσθαί	cc	high	Coordinates the second content infinitive construction.
28	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	G--------	_	29 ἀπέθανε	mark	high	Introduces the finite clause ἀπέθανε.
29	ἀπέθανε	ἀποθνῄσκω	VERB	V3saa---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	30 σήπεσθαί	advcl	high	Finite clause within the second reported proposition.
30	σήπεσθαί	σήπω	VERB	Vppn----	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	25 νομίζουσι	ccomp	high	Infinitive coordinated with μεταδοῦναι; understood subject is Νέσσον.
31	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	30 σήπεσθαί	cc	high	Correlative coordination with καί at token 33.
32	ἄταφον	ἄταφος	ADJ	A--sna----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	30 σήπεσθαί	xcomp	medium	Predicative accusative adjective, agreeing with the understood accusative subject.
33	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	38 μεταδοῦναι	cc	high	Coordinates μεταδοῦναι with σήπεσθαι.
34	ὀσμῆς	ὀσμή	NOUN	Nb----fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	38 μεταδοῦναι	obj	medium	Genitive object/partitive complement with μεταδοῦναι.
35	τῷ	ὁ	DET	At----md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	37 ἀέρι	det	high
36	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνταῦθα	ADV	D--------	_	37 ἀέρι	advmod	high	Locative adverb modifying ἀέρι.
37	ἀέρι	ἀήρ	NOUN	Nb----md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	38 μεταδοῦναι	iobj	high	Recipient/goal of μεταδοῦναι.
38	μεταδοῦναι	μεταδίδωμι	VERB	Vraan---	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	30 σήπεσθαί	conj	high	Second coordinated infinitive; supplies the καί ... τε coordination.
39	δυσώδους	δυσώδης	ADJ	A--sfg----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 ὀσμῆς	amod	high	Agrees with ὀσμῆς.
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	25 νομίζουσι	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.38.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 36
Input: 903
Output: 2,676
Total: 3,579

ὁ δὲ τρίτος τῶν λόγων καὶ ὁ τέταρτος, ὁ μὲν ποταμοῦ τινος ἄτοπον τήν τε ἀτμίδα καὶ αὐτό φησιν εἶναι τὸ ὕδωρ, ὁ δὲ τὸν ἀσφόδελον φύεσθαι πολὺν καὶ ἀνθοῦντα ὑπὸ τῆς ὀσμῆς.

The sentence coordinates two ellipted nominal subjects, τρίτος and τέταρτος λόγος; each οἱ μέν/δέ clause supplies an understood λόγος. In the first clause φησιν governs an infinitival εἶναι with coordinated objects ἀτμίδα and αὐτό (ὕδωρ), while the second has an infinitival clause with ἀσφόδελον as subject and πολύν/ἀνθοῦντα as predicates. The attachment of ὑπό to ἀνθοῦντα is interpreted as causal/passive-like, with low confidence because the phrase is semantically unusual.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὁ	ὁ	DET	RA-NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	3 τρίτος	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	3 τρίτος	cc	high
3	τρίτος	τρίτος	ADJ	A-NSM-S	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 φησιν	nsubj	medium	Substantivized ordinal, understood τρίτος λόγος.
4	τῶν	ὁ	DET	RA-GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	5 λόγων	det	high
5	λόγων	λόγος	NOUN	N-GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 τρίτος	nmod	high
6	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 τέταρτος	cc	high
7	ὁ	ὁ	DET	RA-NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	8 τέταρτος	det	high
8	τέταρτος	τέταρτος	ADJ	A-NSM-S	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 φύεσθαι	nsubj	medium	Substantivized ordinal, understood τέταρτος λόγος.
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3 τρίτος	punct	high
10	ὁ	ὁ	DET	RA-NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	14 ἄτοπον	det	high	Article introducing the first μέν-clause's understood subject.
11	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	10 ὁ	advmod	high
12	ποταμοῦ	ποταμός	NOUN	N-GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ἄτοπον	nmod	medium	Genitive dependent on ἄτοπον, likely 'of a certain river'.
13	τινος	τις	PRON	PX-GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	12 ποταμοῦ	det	high
14	ἄτοπον	ἄτοπος	ADJ	A-ASM-S	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 φησιν	obj	medium	Accusative predicative/object complement with φησιν; exact scope is syntactically compressed.
15	τήν	ὁ	DET	RA-ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	17 ἀτμίδα	det	high
16	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 καὶ	cc	high
17	ἀτμίδα	ἀτμίς	NOUN	N-ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 εἶναι	obj	high	First coordinated accusative complement of εἶναι.
18	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	19 αὐτό	cc	high
19	αὐτό	αὐτός	PRON	P-NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	21 εἶναι	nsubj	medium	Neuter nominative subject/predicate complement of εἶναι; coordinated with ἀτμίδα in the reported identification.
20	φησιν	φημί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	3 τρίτος	conj	high
21	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	20 φησιν	ccomp	high
22	τὸ	ὁ	DET	RA-NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	23 ὕδωρ	det	high
23	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N-NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 αὐτό	appos	medium	Appositional specification of αὐτό: the water itself.
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 φησιν	punct	high
25	ὁ	ὁ	DET	RA-NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	29 φύεσθαι	det	high	Article introducing the second δέ-clause's understood subject.
26	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	29 φύεσθαι	cc	high
27	τὸν	ὁ	DET	RA-ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	28 ἀσφόδελον	det	high
28	ἀσφόδελον	ἀσφόδελος	NOUN	N-ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 φύεσθαι	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive by accusative-and-infinitive construction.
29	φύεσθαι	φύω	VERB	V-PMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	8 τέταρτος	conj	high
30	πολὺν	πολύς	ADJ	A-ASM-S	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	28 ἀσφόδελον	amod	high	Predicative adjective agreeing with accusative ἀσφόδελον.
31	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	32 ἀνθοῦντα	cc	high
32	ἀνθοῦντα	ἀνθέω	VERB	V-PAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	28 ἀσφόδελον	acl	high	Present participle agreeing with ἀσφόδελον, coordinated semantically with πολύν.
33	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	35 ὀσμῆς	case	medium	Causal/agentive preposition; attachment to ὀσμῆς is interpreted with ἀνθοῦντα.
34	τῆς	ὁ	DET	RA-GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	35 ὀσμῆς	det	high
35	ὀσμῆς	ὀσμή	NOUN	N-GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	32 ἀνθοῦντα	obl	low	The phrase ὑπὸ τῆς ὀσμῆς is semantically unusual; likely causal ('because of the odor') rather than agentive.
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 τέταρτος	punct	high

← 10.38.1 10.38.3 →