Grammar parses for passage 10.4.1
Open translation for this passage
τούτοις μὲν δὴ τοιαῦτα ὑπῆρχεν ἐς μνήμην·
Impersonal ὑπῆρχεν takes τοιαῦτα as a neuter plural subject and the prepositional phrase ἐς μνήμην as a complement indicating intended remembrance; τούτοις is a dative demonstrative referring to preceding persons or things.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | Pd----DMP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc,Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 5 ὑπῆρχεν | obl | high | Dative demonstrative, likely referring to preceding entities. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 5 ὑπῆρχεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart may occur in surrounding context. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | D-------- | _ | 5 ὑπῆρχεν | discourse | high | Emphatic or continuative particle. |
| 4 | τοιαῦτα | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A----NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 5 ὑπῆρχεν | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject with impersonal ὑπῆρχεν. |
| 5 | ὑπῆρχεν | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V3SIAI | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect active indicative, third singular. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 μνήμην | case | high | Variant of εἰς, governing the accusative. |
| 7 | μνήμην | μνήμη | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὑπῆρχεν | obl | high | Accusative object of the preposition ἐς. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ὑπῆρχεν | punct | high |
στάδια δὲ ἐκ Χαιρωνείας εἴκοσιν ἐς Πανοπέας ἐστὶ πόλιν Φωκέων, εἴγε ὀνομάσαι τις πόλιν καὶ τούτους οἷς γε οὐκ ἀρχεῖα οὐ γυμνάσιόν ἐστιν, οὐ θέατρον οὐκ ἀγορὰν ἔχουσιν, οὐχ ὕδωρ κατερχόμενον ἐς κρήνην,
The syntax is elliptical and rhetorically coordinated: ὀνομάσαι τις πόλιν introduces the qualification, while the following clauses enumerate absent civic institutions and amenities; ἀγορὰν is accusative with an elided/continued ἔχουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | Nb----na-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 8 ἐστὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R--------- | _ | 4 Χαιρωνείας | case | high | |
| 4 | Χαιρωνείας | Χαιρώνεια | PROPN | Nb----fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 στάδια | nmod | high | |
| 5 | εἴκοσιν | εἴκοσι | NUM | Ma-------- | Number=Plur | 1 στάδια | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral; case is syncretic/indeclinable. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 7 Πανοπέας | case | high | |
| 7 | Πανοπέας | Πανοπεύς | PROPN | Nb----fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐστὶ | obl | medium | Plural ethnic/place form, governed by ἐς. |
| 8 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | Nb----fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Πανοπέας | appos | high | Predicative/appositional description of Πανοπέας. |
| 10 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | PROPN | Nb----gm- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πόλιν | nmod | high | Genitive of belonging/ethnic domain. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστὶ | punct | high | |
| 12 | εἴγε | εἴγε | SCONJ | G--------- | _ | 13 ὀνομάσαι | mark | high | |
| 13 | ὀνομάσαι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V--ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 ἐστὶ | advcl | medium | Conditional limiting clause: ‘if one may call’. |
| 14 | τις | τις | PRON | Pq---nm-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 13 ὀνομάσαι | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | Nb----fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ὀνομάσαι | obj | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 17 τούτους | cc | high | |
| 17 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | Pd---am-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 15 πόλιν | conj | medium | Coordinated accusative object, referring to the inhabitants/people. |
| 18 | οἷς | ὅς | PRON | Pr---dm-p | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 21 ἀρχεῖα | iobj | medium | Relative dative, likely ‘for whom’; exact attachment is elliptical. |
| 19 | γε | γε | PART | X--------- | _ | 18 οἷς | advmod | high | |
| 20 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | X--------- | Polarity=Neg | 24 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 21 | ἀρχεῖα | ἀρχεῖον | NOUN | Nb----na-p | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστίν in the first coordinated existential clause. |
| 22 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | X--------- | Polarity=Neg | 24 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 23 | γυμνάσιόν | γυμνάσιον | NOUN | Nb----na-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 24 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ὀνομάσαι | ccomp | medium | Elliptical coordinated assertion under the relative description. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 26 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | X--------- | Polarity=Neg | 30 ἔχουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 27 | θέατρον | θέατρον | NOUN | Nb----na-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 ἔχουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 28 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | X--------- | Polarity=Neg | 30 ἔχουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 29 | ἀγορὰν | ἀγορά | NOUN | Nb----fa-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ἔχουσιν | obj | medium | Accusative retained in the coordinated ‘they have no agora’ clause. |
| 30 | ἔχουσιν | ἔχω | VERB | V3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 24 ἐστιν | conj | high | |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἔχουσιν | punct | high | |
| 32 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | X--------- | Polarity=Neg | 34 κατερχόμενον | advmod | high | |
| 33 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | Nb----na-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 κατερχόμενον | nsubj | high | |
| 34 | κατερχόμενον | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V--pnpna-s | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 30 ἔχουσιν | conj | medium | Present participle agrees with ὕδωρ; middle/passive morphology is difficult to distinguish in this form. |
| 35 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 36 κρήνην | case | high | |
| 36 | κρήνην | κρήνη | NOUN | Nb----fa-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 κατερχόμενον | obl | high | |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 κατερχόμενον | punct | high |
ἀλλὰ ἐν στέγαις κοίλαις κατὰ τὰς καλύβας μάλιστα τὰς ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν, ἐνταῦθα οἰκοῦσιν ἐπὶ χαράδρᾳ.
The initial ἀλλὰ continues a contrastive context; κατὰ τὰς καλύβας is an idiomatic distributive/location phrase, with τὰς ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν modifying καλύβας. ἐπὶ χαράδρᾳ is locative, dependent on οἰκοῦσιν. The subject of οἰκοῦσιν is unexpressed and contextually recoverable (third-person plural).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | c-------- | Polarity=Pos | 15 οἰκοῦσιν | cc | high | Contrastive coordinator connecting this clause to preceding context. |
| 2 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 3 στέγαις | case | high | |
| 3 | στέγαις | στέγη | NOUN | n-pfdat--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 οἰκοῦσιν | obl | medium | Dative plural with ἐν; coordinated/parallel locative phrase with κατὰ τὰς καλύβας. |
| 4 | κοίλαις | κοῖλος | ADJ | a-pfdat--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 στέγαις | amod | high | |
| 5 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 7 καλύβας | case | high | With accusative καλύβας; distributive or locative sense. |
| 6 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | l-paf--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 καλύβας | det | high | |
| 7 | καλύβας | καλύβη | NOUN | n-pfacc--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 οἰκοῦσιν | obl | high | Object of κατά in a locative/distributive phrase. |
| 8 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | d-------- | Degree=Sup | 15 οἰκοῦσιν | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying the location assertion. |
| 9 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | l-pafacc--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 καλύβας | det | high | Article repeated with the restrictive/appositional phrase τὰς ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 12 ὄρεσιν | case | high | |
| 11 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | l-pnd--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ὄρεσιν | det | high | |
| 12 | ὄρεσιν | ὄρος | NOUN | n-pndde--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 καλύβας | nmod | high | Prepositional modifier specifying the cabins in the mountains. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 οἰκοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | d-------- | PronType=Dem | 15 οἰκοῦσιν | advmod | high | Deictic adverb, resuming the preceding location. |
| 15 | οἰκοῦσιν | οἰκέω | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate; subject is unexpressed/contextual. |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 17 χαράδρᾳ | case | high | With dative χαράδρᾳ, locative. |
| 17 | χαράδρᾳ | χαράδρα | NOUN | n-sfdat--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 οἰκοῦσιν | obl | high | Locative complement of οἰκοῦσιν. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 οἰκοῦσιν | punct | high |
ὅμως δὲ ὅροι γε τῆς χώρας εἰσὶν αὐτοῖς ἐς τοὺς ὁμόρους, καὶ ἐς τὸν σύλλογον συνέδρους καὶ οὗτοι πέμπουσι τὸν Φωκικόν.
The first clause states that they nevertheless have boundaries toward neighboring territory; in the second, οὗτοι is the subject of πέμπουσι, with συνέδρους as the object/predicate accusative of representatives sent to the σύλλογος and τὸν Φωκικόν as the object of πέμπουσι. The final accusative likely names the Phocian [assembly/league] elliptically; exact apposition is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | D---------------- | _ | 7 εἰσὶν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 εἰσὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὅροι | ὅρος | NOUN | N--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | γε | γε | PART | X-------- | _ | 3 ὅροι | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S--GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 χώρας | det | high | |
| 6 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N--GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ὅροι | nmod | high | |
| 7 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἰσὶν | iobj | medium | Possessive/dative of possession. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 ὁμόρους | case | high | |
| 10 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ὁμόρους | det | high | |
| 11 | ὁμόρους | ὅμορος | ADJ | A---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ὅροι | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘neighbors/neighboring peoples’. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἰσὶν | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 πέμπουσι | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 σύλλογον | case | high | |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 σύλλογον | det | high | |
| 16 | σύλλογον | σύλλογος | NOUN | N---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 πέμπουσι | obl | high | Destination with ἐς. |
| 17 | συνέδρους | σύνεδρος | NOUN | N---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 πέμπουσι | obj | medium | Accusative of persons sent as delegates; syntactically associated with πέμπουσι. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 οὗτοι | cc | high | |
| 19 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | P---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 πέμπουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | πέμπουσι | πέμπω | VERB | V-PAI-3-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 εἰσὶν | conj | high | |
| 21 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Φωκικόν | det | high | |
| 22 | Φωκικόν | Φωκικός | ADJ | A---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 πέμπουσι | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, likely ‘the Phocian [one/assembly]’; elliptical referent. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἰσὶν | punct | high |
καὶ γενέσθαι μὲν τῇ πόλει τὸ ὄνομα λέγουσιν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἐπειοῦ πατρός, αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐ Φωκεῖς, Φλεγύαι δὲ εἶναι τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐς τὴν γῆν διαφυγεῖν φασι τὴν Φωκίδα ἐκ τῆς Ὀρχομενίας.
Two coordinated reporting predicates (λέγουσιν, φασι) govern infinitival content; the second includes εἶναι with coordinated διαφυγεῖν, and Φωκίδα is the accusative object of διαφυγεῖν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 λέγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice= medio-passive | 8 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by λέγουσιν; τῇ πόλει is dative of reference/possessor. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 2 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πόλει | det | high | |
| 5 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 γενέσθαι | iobj | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 7 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 11 Ἐπειοῦ | case | high | |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Ἐπειοῦ | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἐπειοῦ | Ἐπειός | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 πατρός | nmod | high | |
| 12 | πατρός | πατήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 γενέσθαι | obl | medium | ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἐπειοῦ πατρός: source/origin phrase; Ἐπειοῦ modifies πατρός. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 14 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 30 φασι | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject of φασι. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 30 φασι | cc | high | |
| 16 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 17 Φωκεῖς | advmod | high | |
| 17 | Φωκεῖς | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative in the εἶναι infinitive. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 φασι | punct | high | |
| 19 | Φλεγύαι | Φλεγύαι | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 εἶναι | pred | high | Predicate nominative: ‘to be Phlegyae’. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 εἶναι | cc | high | |
| 21 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 30 φασι | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of φασι. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἀρχῆς | det | high | |
| 23 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 24 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 24 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 διαφυγεῖν | obl | high | ἐξ ἀρχῆς is an adverbial phrase modifying διαφυγεῖν/its circumstance. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 29 διαφυγεῖν | cc | high | |
| 26 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 28 γῆν | case | high | |
| 27 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 γῆν | det | high | |
| 28 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 διαφυγεῖν | obl | high | Goal of διαφυγεῖν: into Phocis. |
| 29 | διαφυγεῖν | διαφεύγω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Act | 21 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Coordinated infinitive under εἶναι/φασι; τὴν Φωκίδα is its accusative object. |
| 30 | φασι | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 λέγουσιν | conj | high | Coordinated reporting verb, contrasting with λέγουσιν. |
| 31 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 Φωκίδα | det | high | |
| 32 | Φωκίδα | Φωκίς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 διαφυγεῖν | obj | high | Accusative object of διαφυγεῖν, understood as the land/region of Phocis. |
| 33 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 35 Ὀρχομενίας | case | high | |
| 34 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 Ὀρχομενίας | det | high | |
| 35 | Ὀρχομενίας | Ὀρχομενία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 διαφυγεῖν | obl | high | Source phrase: fleeing from Orchomenia. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 λέγουσιν | punct | high |