Grammar parses for passage 10.4.2
Open translation for this passage
Πανοπέων δὲ τὸν ἀρχαῖον θεώμενοι περίβολον ἑπτὰ εἶναι σταδίων μάλιστα εἰκάζομεν·
The syntax is centered on εἰκάζομεν with a participial circumstance (θεώμενοι) and an infinitival clause εἶναι περίβολον ἑπτὰ σταδίων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πανοπέων | Πανοπεύς | PROPN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 περίβολον | nmod | medium | Likely genitive plural dependent of περίβολον; toponym/adjectival name. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 εἰκάζομεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 περίβολον | det | high | Article modifying περίβολον. |
| 4 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 περίβολον | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying περίβολον. |
| 5 | θεώμενοι | θεάομαι | VERB | v-pmidnn- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 εἰκάζομεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with the implied subject of εἰκάζομεν. |
| 6 | περίβολον | περίβολος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | obj | high | Object of εἶναι in the infinitival clause. |
| 7 | ἑπτὰ | ἑπτά | NUM | m-------- | NumType=Card | 9 σταδίων | nummod | high | Numeral modifying σταδίων. |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | v--pna--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 εἰκάζομεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of εἰκάζομεν. |
| 9 | σταδίων | στάδιον | NOUN | n-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 περίβολον | nmod | medium | Genitive of measure/extent with περίβολον; syntactic attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 10 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | d-------- | _ | 11 εἰκάζομεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying εἰκάζομεν. |
| 11 | εἰκάζομεν | εἰκάζω | VERB | v1ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἰκάζομεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ὑπῄει τε ἐπῶν ἡμᾶς τῶν Ὁμήρου μνήμη ὧν ἐποίησεν ἐς Τιτυόν, καλλίχορον τῶν Πανοπέων ὀνομάσας τὴν πόλιν, καὶ ὡς ἐν τῇ μάχῃ τῇ τε ἐπὶ τῷ Πατρόκλου νεκρῷ καὶ Σχεδίον τὸν Ἰφίτου βασιλεύοντα Φωκέων καὶ ἀποθανόντα ὑφʼ Ἕκτορος κατοικεῖν εἶπεν ἐν τῷ Πανοπεῖ.
Main clause has ὑπῄει with subject μνήμη; participles and ὡς-clause provide embedded reported content, with several genitives depending on nouns/participle phrases.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑπῄει | ὑπείμι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb, imperfect indicative active 3sg. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | PART | _ | 1 ὑπῄει | discourse | medium | Postpositive enclitic connective. |
| 3 | ἐπῶν | ἔπος | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 μνήμη | nmod | medium | Likely genitive modifying μνήμη, 'of words/verses'. |
| 4 | ἡμᾶς | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 7 μνήμη | obj | high | Object of μνήμη in sense 'remembrance of us'. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | ATR-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 Ὁμήρου | det | high | Article with Ὁμήρου. |
| 6 | Ὁμήρου | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπῶν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἐπῶν. |
| 7 | μνήμη | μνήμη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ὑπῄει | nsubj | high | Subject of ὑπῄει. |
| 8 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | P-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 9 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ἐποίησεν. |
| 9 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 μνήμη | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying μνήμη/contents. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 11 Τιτυόν | case | high | Preposition with Tιτυόν. |
| 11 | Τιτυόν | Τιτύος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποίησεν | obl | high | Goal/direction of ἐποίησεν. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | καλλίχορον | καλλίχορος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πόλιν | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of πόλιν. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | ATR-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 Πανοπέων | det | high | Article with Πανοπέων. |
| 15 | Πανοπέων | Πάνοπεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 πόλιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of πόλιν. |
| 16 | ὀνομάσας | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 42 εἶπεν | advcl | high | Aorist participle, circumstantial to εἶπεν. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | ATR-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 πόλιν | det | high | Article with πόλιν. |
| 18 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ὀνομάσας | obj | high | Object of ὀνομάσας. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ὀνομάσας | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 42 εἶπεν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 21 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 42 εἶπεν | mark | high | Introduces reported content/complement clause. |
| 22 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 24 μάχῃ | case | high | Preposition with μάχῃ. |
| 23 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | ATR-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 μάχῃ | det | high | Article with μάχῃ. |
| 24 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 41 κατοικεῖν | obl | medium | Dative/locative phrase connected with infinitive κατοικεῖν; syntax somewhat loose. |
| 25 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | ATR-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 μάχῃ | det | high | Article repeated with μάχῃ. |
| 26 | τε | τε | PART | PART | _ | 24 μάχῃ | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective. |
| 27 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 30 νεκρῷ | case | high | Preposition with νεκρῷ. |
| 28 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | ATR-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 νεκρῷ | det | high | Article with νεκρῷ. |
| 29 | Πατρόκλου | Πάτροκλος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 νεκρῷ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of νεκρῷ. |
| 30 | νεκρῷ | νεκρός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 μάχῃ | nmod | medium | Prepositional phrase modifying μάχῃ. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 Σχεδίον | cc | high | Coordinates with Σχεδίον. |
| 32 | Σχεδίον | Σχεδίος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 κατοικεῖν | obj | high | First object of infinitive κατοικεῖν, with participial modifiers. |
| 33 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | ATR-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 35 βασιλεύοντα | det | high | Article with βασιλεύοντα. |
| 34 | Ἰφίτου | Ἴφιτος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 βασιλεύοντα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of βασιλεύοντα. |
| 35 | βασιλεύοντα | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 32 Σχεδίον | acl | high | Present participle modifying Σχεδίον. |
| 36 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 βασιλεύοντα | obl | high | Genitive of reference/source with βασιλεύοντα. |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 38 ἀποθανόντα | cc | high | Coordinates participles. |
| 38 | ἀποθανόντα | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 32 Σχεδίον | acl | high | Aorist participle modifying Σχεδίον. |
| 39 | ὑφʼ | ὑπό | ADP | R- | _ | 40 Ἕκτορος | case | high | Preposition with genitive agent. |
| 40 | Ἕκτορος | Ἕκτωρ | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 ἀποθανόντα | obl:agent | high | Agent of passive participle ἀποθανόντα. |
| 41 | κατοικεῖν | κατοικέω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 42 εἶπεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of εἶπεν. |
| 42 | εἶπεν | λέγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 ὑπῄει | parataxis | high | Second main verb, coordinated narrative continuation. |
| 43 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 45 Πανοπεῖ | case | high | Preposition with Πανοπεῖ. |
| 44 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | ATR-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 45 Πανοπεῖ | det | high | Article with Πανοπεῖ. |
| 45 | Πανοπεῖ | Πάνοπεύς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 κατοικεῖν | obl | high | Locative complement of κατοικεῖν. |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 42 εἶπεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τοῦτο μὲν δὴ ἐφαίνετο ἡμῖν ἔχειν αἰτίαν, φόβῳ τῶν Βοιωτῶν ---κατὰ γὰρ τοῦτό ἐστιν ἐκ τῆς Βοιωτίας ἡ ἐς τὴν Φωκίδα ἐσβολὴ ῥᾴστη---ἐνταῦθα οἰκεῖν τὸν βασιλέα ἅτε φρουρίῳ τῷ Πανοπεῖ χρώμενον·
The clause from ἐνταῦθα on is an explanatory continuation after the parenthetical causal remark; the syntax around φόβῳ and the paratactic ἐστιν is somewhat loose, and Πανοπεῖ is morphologically irregular.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἐφαίνετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐφαίνετο. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 τοῦτο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 5 | ἡμῖν | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DP--- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 4 ἐφαίνετο | iobj | high | Dative of perspective/experiencer. |
| 6 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | high | Complement of ἐφαίνετο. |
| 7 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔχειν | obj | high | Object of ἔχειν. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | φόβῳ | φόβος | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἔχειν | obl | medium | Likely causal dative with ἔχειν/ἐφαίνετο. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GenP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Βοιωτῶν | det | high | Article. |
| 11 | Βοιωτῶν | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N-PGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 φόβῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of φόβῳ. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 15 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | Case=Acc | 17 τοῦτό | case | high | Preposition. |
| 16 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 18 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 17 | τοῦτό | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 19 ἐκ | obl | high | Object of κατὰ (in fixed phrase κατὰ τοῦτο). |
| 18 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 4 ἐφαίνετο | parataxis | medium | Introduces explanatory parenthetical clause. |
| 19 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | Case=Gen | 21 Βοιωτίας | case | high | Preposition. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Βοιωτίας | det | high | Article. |
| 21 | Βοιωτίας | Βοιωτία | PROPN | N-SRF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐσβολὴ | obl | high | Source with ἐκ. |
| 22 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 ἐσβολὴ | det | high | Article. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | Case=Acc | 25 Φωκίδα | case | high | Preposition. |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 Φωκίδα | det | high | Article. |
| 25 | Φωκίδα | Φωκίς | PROPN | N-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐσβολὴ | obl | high | Goal with ἐς. |
| 26 | ἐσβολὴ | ἐσβολή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 27 | ῥᾴστη | ῥᾴστος | ADJ | A-NSF-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐσβολὴ | amod | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with ἐσβολή. |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 31 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D--------- | _ | 32 οἰκεῖν | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of οἰκεῖν. |
| 32 | οἰκεῖν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement in explanatory clause. |
| 33 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 34 βασιλέα | det | high | Article. |
| 34 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 οἰκεῖν | obj | high | Subject/object of infinitive depending on context; here acc. with infinitive. |
| 35 | ἅτε | ἅτε | PART | G-------- | _ | 39 χρώμενον | advmod | high | Comparative/causal particle. |
| 36 | φρουρίῳ | φρούριον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 39 χρώμενον | obl | high | Dative complement with χρώμενον. |
| 37 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 38 Πανοπεῖ | det | high | Article. |
| 38 | Πανοπεῖ | Πανοπεύς | PROPN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 φρουρίῳ | nmod | low | Form is anomalous; likely place-name in dative modifying φρουρίῳ. |
| 39 | χρώμενον | χράομαι | VERB | V-PMP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 34 βασιλέα | acl | high | Participial modifier of βασιλέα. |
| 40 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |