Grammar parses for passage 10.4.2
Open translation for this passage
Πανοπέων δὲ τὸν ἀρχαῖον θεώμενοι περίβολον ἑπτὰ εἶναι σταδίων μάλιστα εἰκάζομεν·
The participle θεώμενοι is a circumstantial clause; εἰκάζομεν governs the infinitive εἶναι, with περίβολον understood as the measured subject and ἑπτὰ σταδίων as the genitive of measure. μάλιστα has scope over the estimate/measurement phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πανοπέων | Πανοπεύς | PROPN | NOUN gen pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 θεώμενοι | obl | high | Genitive plural ethnic name, likely locative/territorial genitive: 'of the Panopeans'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 εἰκάζομεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | article acc sg masc | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 περίβολον | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | adj acc sg masc | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 περίβολον | amod | high | |
| 5 | θεώμενοι | θεάομαι | VERB | part pres mid nom pl masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 11 εἰκάζομεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject understood as the authors/speakers. |
| 6 | περίβολον | περίβολος | NOUN | noun acc sg masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 θεώμενοι | obj | high | Object of θεώμενοι. |
| 7 | ἑπτὰ | ἑπτά | NUM | card num acc pl | NumType=Card | 9 σταδίων | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying σταδίων. |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | inf pres act | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 εἰκάζομεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in the complementary construction after εἰκάζομεν; περίβολον is its understood subject/predicative measurement relation. |
| 9 | σταδίων | στάδιον | NOUN | noun gen pl neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 εἶναι | obl | medium | Genitive of measure with εἶναι, quantified by ἑπτά. |
| 10 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | adv superl | Degree=Sup | 7 ἑπτὰ | advmod | medium | Adverb modifying the estimate, with scope over the measurement phrase. |
| 11 | εἰκάζομεν | εἰκάζω | VERB | verb imperf act ind 1pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἰκάζομεν | punct | high |
ὑπῄει τε ἐπῶν ἡμᾶς τῶν Ὁμήρου μνήμη ὧν ἐποίησεν ἐς Τιτυόν, καλλίχορον τῶν Πανοπέων ὀνομάσας τὴν πόλιν, καὶ ὡς ἐν τῇ μάχῃ τῇ τε ἐπὶ τῷ Πατρόκλου νεκρῷ καὶ Σχεδίον τὸν Ἰφίτου βασιλεύοντα Φωκέων καὶ ἀποθανόντα ὑφʼ Ἕκτορος κατοικεῖν εἶπεν ἐν τῷ Πανοπεῖ.
The sentence is syntactically compressed: μνήμη is the nominal subject, with coordinated verbal material ὑπῄει and εἶπεν; the accusative participles Σχεδίον βασιλεύοντα and ἀποθανόντα belong to the reported content of εἶπεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑπῄει | ὕπειμι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 7 μνήμη | csubj | medium | Imperfect of ὕπειμι, ‘was present/occurred’; subject is μνήμη. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ὑπῄει | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπῶν | ἔπος | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 μνήμη | nmod | medium | Genitive of content/source with μνήμη. |
| 4 | ἡμᾶς | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1 | 9 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἐπῶν | det | high | |
| 6 | Ὁμήρου | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπῶν | nmod | high | |
| 7 | μνήμη | μνήμη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | P-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐποίησεν | obj | medium | Relative pronoun with ἔπος/ἐπῶν as antecedent. |
| 9 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Act | 3 ἐπῶν | acl:relcl | high | |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 ἐποίησεν | case | high | |
| 11 | Τιτυόν | Τιτυός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποίησεν | obl | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ὀνομάσας | punct | high | |
| 13 | καλλίχορον | καλλίχορος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πόλιν | amod | high | Predicate/object-oriented adjective modifying πόλιν. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Πανοπέων | det | high | |
| 15 | Πανοπέων | Πανοπεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 καλλίχορον | nmod | high | Partitive/relational genitive with καλλίχορον. |
| 16 | ὀνομάσας | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ὑπῄει | advcl | high | Aorist participial adjunct, subject understood as narrator. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 18 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ὀνομάσας | obj | high | |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ὀνομάσας | punct | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ὑπῄει | cc | high | |
| 21 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 42 εἶπεν | mark | high | Introduces content clause. |
| 22 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 μάχῃ | case | high | |
| 23 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 24 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 βασιλεύοντα | obl | medium | Within the compressed relative/content material concerning events in the battle. |
| 25 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἐπὶ | det | high | |
| 26 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἐπὶ | cc | medium | Correlative τε links the two ἐπί phrases. |
| 27 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 30 νεκρῷ | case | high | |
| 28 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 νεκρῷ | det | high | |
| 29 | Πατρόκλου | Πάτροκλος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 νεκρῷ | nmod | high | |
| 30 | νεκρῷ | νεκρός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 μάχῃ | nmod | medium | Dative phrase with ἐπί; syntactic attachment in the compressed passage is uncertain. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 βασιλεύοντα | cc | high | |
| 32 | Σχεδίον | Σχεδίος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 βασιλεύοντα | obj | high | |
| 33 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 βασιλεύοντα | det | high | |
| 34 | Ἰφίτου | Ἴφιτος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 βασιλεύοντα | nmod | high | |
| 35 | βασιλεύοντα | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 41 κατοικεῖν | obj | medium | Accusative participial complement within εἶπεν, coordinated with ἀποθανόντα. |
| 36 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 βασιλεύοντα | nmod | high | |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 38 ἀποθανόντα | cc | high | |
| 38 | ἀποθανόντα | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-2AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 βασιλεύοντα | conj | high | |
| 39 | ὑφʼ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 40 Ἕκτορος | case | high | |
| 40 | Ἕκτορος | Ἕκτωρ | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 ἀποθανόντα | obl:agent | high | |
| 41 | κατοικεῖν | κατοικέω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 42 εἶπεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by εἶπεν. |
| 42 | εἶπεν | λέγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Act | 1 ὑπῄει | conj | high | Coordinated predicate under the initial μνήμη construction. |
| 43 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 45 Πανοπεῖ | case | high | |
| 44 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 45 Πανοπεῖ | det | high | |
| 45 | Πανοπεῖ | Πανοπεύς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 κατοικεῖν | obl | high | |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ὑπῄει | punct | high |
τοῦτο μὲν δὴ ἐφαίνετο ἡμῖν ἔχειν αἰτίαν, φόβῳ τῶν Βοιωτῶν ---κατὰ γὰρ τοῦτό ἐστιν ἐκ τῆς Βοιωτίας ἡ ἐς τὴν Φωκίδα ἐσβολὴ ῥᾴστη---ἐνταῦθα οἰκεῖν τὸν βασιλέα ἅτε φρουρίῳ τῷ Πανοπεῖ χρώμενον·
Infinitives ἔχειν and οἰκεῖν depend on ἐφαίνετο; the parenthetical clause identifies the easiest invasion route. ἅτε introduces the causal participial construction, with χρώμενον agreeing with βασιλέα and φρουρίῳ as its instrumental/complementary dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd--na | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἐφαίνετο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 1 τοῦτο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Df | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνομαι | VERB | V3siie | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἡμῖν | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1-pd | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 4 ἐφαίνετο | iobj | high | |
| 6 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V--pna | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | high | |
| 7 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | N--saf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔχειν | obj | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | |
| 9 | φόβῳ | φόβος | NOUN | N--smd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 οἰκεῖν | obl | medium | Causal dative modifying οἰκεῖν. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--pgm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Βοιωτῶν | det | high | |
| 11 | Βοιωτῶν | Βοιωτός | PROPN | Np--pgm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 φόβῳ | nmod | high | |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Parenthetical dash. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Parenthetical dash. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Parenthetical dash. |
| 15 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 26 ἐσβολὴ | case | high | |
| 16 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 17 | τοῦτό | οὗτος | PRON | Pd--na | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 18 ἐστιν | obl | high | Accusative with κατά. |
| 18 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3spia | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 26 ἐσβολὴ | cop | high | Predicate relation is ἡ ... ἐσβολή. |
| 19 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 21 Βοιωτίας | case | high | |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L--sfg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Βοιωτίας | det | high | |
| 21 | Βοιωτίας | Βοιωτία | PROPN | Np--sfg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐσβολὴ | obl | high | |
| 22 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L--snf | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 ἐσβολὴ | det | high | |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 25 Φωκίδα | case | high | |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--saf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 Φωκίδα | det | high | |
| 25 | Φωκίδα | Φωκίς | PROPN | Np--saf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐσβολὴ | obl | high | |
| 26 | ἐσβολὴ | ἐσβολή | NOUN | N--snf | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 27 | ῥᾴστη | ῥᾴδιος | ADJ | A--sfn | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐσβολὴ | amod | high | |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Parenthetical dash. |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Parenthetical dash. |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | Parenthetical dash. |
| 31 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 32 οἰκεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 32 | οἰκεῖν | οἰκέω | VERB | V--pna | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | high | |
| 33 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L--sam | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 34 βασιλέα | det | high | |
| 34 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--sam | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 οἰκεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject of οἰκεῖν. |
| 35 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 39 χρώμενον | mark | high | |
| 36 | φρουρίῳ | φρούριον | NOUN | N--snd | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 39 χρώμενον | obl | high | Complementary/instrumental dative with χρώμενον. |
| 37 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L--snd | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 38 Πανοπεῖ | det | high | |
| 38 | Πανοπεῖ | Πανοπεύς | PROPN | Np--snd | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 φρουρίῳ | appos | medium | Place-name used substantivally/appositionally with φρουρίῳ. |
| 39 | χρώμενον | χράομαι | VERB | V-sppam | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 34 βασιλέα | advcl | high | Causal ἅτε-participial adjunct agreeing with βασιλέα. |
| 40 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high |