Grammar parses for passage 10.4.4
Open translation for this passage
Πανοπεῦσι δέ ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῇ ὁδῷ πλίνθου τε ὠμῆς οἴκημα οὐ μέγα καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ λίθου τοῦ Πεντελῆσιν ἄγαλμα,
The sentence is existential: οἴκημα and ἄγαλμα are coordinated nominative subjects of ἐστιν; ἐπὶ τῇ ὁδῷ locates the building, while ἐν αὐτῷ locates the statue inside it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πανοπεῦσι | Πανοπεύς | PROPN | Ne-Dat-Pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἐστιν | obl | high | Dative of location/name: at Panopeus. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/presentative verb. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ὁδῷ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ὁδῷ | det | high | Article agreeing with ὁδῷ. |
| 6 | ὁδῷ | ὁδός | NOUN | N--DF-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 οἴκημα | obl | high | Dative object of ἐπί. |
| 7 | πλίνθου | πλίνθος | NOUN | N-GF-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 οἴκημα | nmod | high | Material genitive modifying οἴκημα. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 πλίνθου | cc | medium | Enclitic connective, linking material description. |
| 9 | ὠμῆς | ὠμός | ADJ | A-GF-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πλίνθου | amod | high | Agrees with πλίνθου. |
| 10 | οἴκημα | οἴκημα | NOUN | N-N--S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Existential subject. |
| 11 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 12 μέγα | advmod | high | Negates μέγα. |
| 12 | μέγα | μέγας | ADJ | A-N--S-- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 οἴκημα | amod | high | Predicate-like adjective modifying οἴκημα. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | Coordinates the statue phrase with οἴκημα. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 αὐτῷ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 15 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P---ND-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 19 ἄγαλμα | obl | high | Dative locative pronoun: in it. |
| 16 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-GM-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Material genitive modifying ἄγαλμα. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S-GM-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Πεντελῆσιν | det | high | Article with the ethnic/place adjective. |
| 18 | Πεντελῆσιν | Πεντελήσιος | ADJ | A-GM-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 λίθου | amod | medium | Form is a genitive singular adjective, agreeing with λίθου; spelling/lemma is somewhat variant. |
| 19 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-N--S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | conj | high | Second coordinated existential subject. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ὃν Ἀσκληπιόν, οἱ δὲ Προμηθέα εἶναί φασι·
The clause is elliptical in context: φασι governs εἶναι with a predicate accusative, while ὃν is the accusative subject of the infinitive and Ἀσκληπιόν/Προμηθέα are alternative identifications.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | PI--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 6 Προμηθέα | obj | medium | Relative pronoun, likely resumes an omitted or preceding referent and functions as the accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 2 | Ἀσκληπιόν | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 εἶναί | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative with εἶναι; appositional or identifying with ὃν. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φασι | punct | high | |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | Pp3mpn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 φασι | nsubj | high | Substantival article, ‘they’; subject of φασι. |
| 5 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 φασι | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 6 | Προμηθέα | Προμηθεύς | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 εἶναί | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι, coordinated contrastively with Ἀσκληπιόν. |
| 7 | εἶναί | εἰμί | AUX | V---PNA- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 φασι | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασι; the accent reflects following enclitic or punctuation context. |
| 8 | φασι | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φασι | punct | high |
καὶ παρέχονταί γε τοῦ λόγου μαρτύρια.
παρέχονται is a third-person plural present middle form, likely deponent; μαρτύρια is its neuter plural accusative object, with τοῦ λόγου as a dependent genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 2 παρέχονταί | cc | high | |
| 2 | παρέχονταί | παρέχω | VERB | V-3PPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Deponent middle form; subject is understood from context. |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | _ | _ | 2 παρέχονταί | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 λόγου | det | high | |
| 5 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 μαρτύρια | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μαρτύρια. |
| 6 | μαρτύρια | μαρτύριον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 2 παρέχονταί | obj | high | |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 παρέχονταί | punct | high |
λίθοι κεῖνταί σφισιν ἐπὶ τῇ χαράδρᾳ, μέγεθος μὲν ἑκάτερος ὡς φόρτον ἀποχρῶντα ἁμάξης εἶναι,
The sentence has an elliptical comparative infinitive: each stone is described as sufficient in size to be a wagon-load; attachment of the accusative μέγεθος and the participle ἀποχρῶντα is consequently somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λίθοι | λίθος | NOUN | Nominative masculine plural | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 κεῖνταί | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | κεῖνταί | κεῖμαι | VERB | Pres mid/pass indic 3rd plural | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Enclitic accent reflects κεῖνται. |
| 3 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | Dative plural personal pronoun | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 2 κεῖνταί | iobj | medium | Third-person plural dative pronoun, here possessive/affected dative. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Preposition governing dative | _ | 6 χαράδρᾳ | case | high | |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Article dative feminine singular | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 χαράδρᾳ | det | high | |
| 6 | χαράδρᾳ | χαράδρα | NOUN | Dative feminine singular | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 κεῖνταί | obl | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 κεῖνταί | punct | high | |
| 8 | μέγεθος | μέγεθος | NOUN | Accusative neuter singular | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 εἶναι | obj | medium | Accusative of respect/specification with the infinitival comparison. |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Particle | _ | 8 μέγεθος | discourse | high | Contrasting particle; relation label retained as discourse. |
| 10 | ἑκάτερος | ἑκάτερος | ADJ | Nominative masculine singular | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 κεῖνταί | conj | medium | Predicative/elliptical singular subject phrase, ‘each [stone]’. |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Comparative conjunction | _ | 15 εἶναι | mark | high | |
| 12 | φόρτον | φόρτος | NOUN | Accusative masculine singular | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀποχρῶντα | obj | high | |
| 13 | ἀποχρῶντα | ἀποχράω | VERB | Present active participle accusative masculine singular | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 εἶναι | acl | medium | Participial complement within the comparison; agrees with an understood masculine referent associated with φόρτον. |
| 14 | ἁμάξης | ἅμαξα | NOUN | Genitive feminine singular | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 φόρτον | nmod | high | |
| 15 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | Present active infinitive | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 μέγεθος | cop | medium | Infinitival clause after ὡς; exact attachment of μέγεθος and the comparative phrase is elliptical. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 κεῖνταί | punct | high |
χρῶμα δέ ἐστι πηλοῦ σφισιν, οὐ γεώδους ἀλλʼ οἷος ἂν χαράδρας γένοιτο ἢ χειμάρρου ψαμμώδους, παρέχονται δὲ καὶ ὀσμὴν ἐγγύτατα χρωτὶ ἀνθρώπου·
The first clause is copular ('their color is of mud'); οἷος ἂν ... γένοιτο is a compressed descriptive comparison, with alternative genitive subjects χαράδρας and χειμάρρου. The final clause coordinates with ἐστι and uses a middle παρέχονται with ὀσμήν as object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χρῶμα | χρῶμα | NOUN | N-----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐστι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | πηλοῦ | πηλός | NOUN | N-----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 χρῶμα | nmod | high | |
| 5 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-----3P-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 3 ἐστι | iobj | high | Dative of possession/reference. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 7 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | Polarity=Neg | 8 γεώδους | advmod | high | |
| 8 | γεώδους | γεώδης | ADJ | A-----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πηλοῦ | amod | high | Genitive agrees with πηλοῦ. |
| 9 | ἀλλʼ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 οἷος | cc | high | |
| 10 | οἷος | οἷος | ADJ | A-----NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 γένοιτο | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective in the comparative/descriptive clause; agreement is syntactically elliptical. |
| 11 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | X--------- | _ | 13 γένοιτο | advmod | high | Modal particle. |
| 12 | χαράδρας | χαράδρα | NOUN | N-----GSA | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 γένοιτο | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject of γένοιτο in an indefinite relative-like comparison. |
| 13 | γένοιτο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AO-3S- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 10 οἷος | acl | medium | Optative with ἄν; construction is compressed and comparative. |
| 14 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 χειμάρρου | cc | high | |
| 15 | χειμάρρου | χείμαρρος | NOUN | N-----GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 γένοιτο | nsubj | medium | Alternative genitive subject with χαράδρας. |
| 16 | ψαμμώδους | ψαμμώδης | ADJ | A-----GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 χειμάρρου | amod | high | |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 παρέχονται | punct | high | |
| 18 | παρέχονται | παρέχω | VERB | V-PMI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 3 ἐστι | conj | high | Middle voice, coordinated predicate. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 παρέχονται | cc | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ὀσμὴν | cc | high | Adverbial καί, coordinating the object phrase. |
| 21 | ὀσμὴν | ὀσμή | NOUN | N-----AS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 παρέχονται | obj | high | |
| 22 | ἐγγύτατα | ἐγγύς | ADV | D--------S | Degree=Sup | 18 παρέχονται | advmod | high | Superlative adverb: 'very nearly/most closely'. |
| 23 | χρωτὶ | χρώς | NOUN | N-----DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐγγύτατα | obl | high | Dative of comparison/reference. |
| 24 | ἀνθρώπου | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 χρωτὶ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on χρωτί. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 παρέχονται | punct | high |
ταῦτα ἔτι λείπεσθαι τοῦ πηλοῦ λέγουσιν ἐξ οὗ καὶ ἅπαν ὑπὸ τοῦ Προμηθέως τὸ γένος πλασθῆναι τῶν ἀνθρώπων.
Infinitival report under λέγουσιν: ταῦτα is the reported subject of λείπεσθαι, while τὸ γένος ... πλασθῆναι is coordinated/embedded under the relative clause ἐξ οὗ; the exact scope of καί is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD---NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 λείπεσθαι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 3 λείπεσθαι | advmod | high | Adverb; no inflectional features. |
| 3 | λείπεσθαι | λείπω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive in reported speech; ταῦτα is its accusative-like/logical subject only semantically, with neuter plural form. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DA---GMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πηλοῦ | det | high | |
| 5 | πηλοῦ | πηλός | NOUN | N-----GMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 λείπεσθαι | obl | high | Genitive complement with λείπεσθαι: ‘remain of the clay’. |
| 6 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PIA3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 οὗ | case | high | |
| 8 | οὗ | ὅς | PRON | PR---GNS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 16 πλασθῆναι | obl | high | Relative pronoun governed by ἐξ; antecedent is the preceding clay/material notion. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 πλασθῆναι | advmod | medium | Likely additive, linking this infinitival assertion to the preceding one. |
| 10 | ἅπαν | ἅπας | ADJ | A-SAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 πλασθῆναι | advmod | high | Adverbial/extent accusative modifying πλασθῆναι: ‘all/entirely’. |
| 11 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Προμηθέως | case | high | |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DA---GMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Προμηθέως | det | high | |
| 13 | Προμηθέως | Προμηθεύς | PROPN | N---GMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 πλασθῆναι | obl:agent | high | |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA---ANS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 γένος | det | high | |
| 15 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-----ANS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 πλασθῆναι | nsubj:pass | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 16 | πλασθῆναι | πλάσσω | VERB | V-2PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 6 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Aorist passive infinitive, coordinated in the reported content; its accusative subject is τὸ γένος. |
| 17 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | DA---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀνθρώπων | det | high | |
| 18 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 γένος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on γένος: ‘the race of humans’. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 λέγουσιν | punct | high |