Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 10.4.6

← 10.4.5 10.4.7 →

Passage 10.4.6

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

99Greek tokens

3,231input tokens

7,321output tokens

Sentence 1

10.4.6 sentence 1

Tokens: 31
Input: 886
Output: 2,429
Total: 3,315

Κλέων δὲ ἀνὴρ Μάγνης, οἳ τῷ Ἕρμῳ προσοικοῦσιν, ἔφασκεν ἐς τὰ παράδοξα ἀπίστους εἶναι τῶν ἀνθρώπων οἷς ἂν μὴ παρὰ τὸν αὐτῶν γένηται βίον θεάμασιν ἐπιτυχεῖν λόγου μείζοσιν·

The infinitival chain is ἔφασκεν ... ἀπίστους εἶναι ... ἐπιτυχεῖν; the relative/conditional material around οἷς ἂν μὴ ... γένηται is syntactically compressed, so attachment of its implicit subject and the exact scope of ἐς τὰ παράδοξα remain somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Κλέων	Κλέων	PROPN	Neut?	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἔφασκεν	nsubj	high	Personal name.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 ἔφασκεν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἀνὴρ	ἀνήρ	NOUN	Noun_Nom_Sg_Masc	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 Κλέων	appos	high	Apposition to Κλέων.
4	Μάγνης	Μάγνης	PROPN	Noun_Nom_Sg_Masc	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ἀνὴρ	appos	medium	Ethnic/geographical identification in apposition.
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἔφασκεν	punct	high
6	οἳ	ὅς	PRON	Pron_Dat_Pl_Masc	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	9 προσοικοῦσιν	nsubj	high	Relative subject; plural refers to the Magnesians.
7	τῷ	ὁ	DET	Art_Dat_Sg_Masc	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	8 Ἕρμῳ	det	high
8	Ἕρμῳ	Ἕρμος	PROPN	Noun_Dat_Sg_Masc	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 προσοικοῦσιν	obl	high	Dative with προσοικέω.
9	προσοικοῦσιν	προσοικέω	VERB	V- Pres Act Ind 3Pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	3 ἀνὴρ	acl:relcl	high	Relative clause modifying Μάγνης/its plural referent.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἔφασκεν	punct	high
11	ἔφασκεν	φάσκω	VERB	V- Impf Act Ind 3Sg	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb introducing an infinitival complement.
12	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	Prep_Acc	_	14 παράδοξα	case	high	Preposition governing τὰ παράδοξα.
13	τὰ	ὁ	DET	Art_Acc_Pl_Neut	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	14 παράδοξα	det	high
14	παράδοξα	παράδοξος	ADJ	Adj_Acc_Pl_Neut	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 ἀπίστους	obl	medium	Substantivized adjective, likely ‘in matters contrary to expectation’; construction with ἀπίστους.
15	ἀπίστους	ἄπιστος	ADJ	Adj_Acc_Pl_Masc	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 εἶναι	xcomp	high	Predicate accusative with εἶναι.
16	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V- Pres Act Inf	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	11 ἔφασκεν	ccomp	high	Infinitive complement of ἔφασκεν.
17	τῶν	ὁ	DET	Art_Gen_Pl_Masc	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	18 ἀνθρώπων	det	high
18	ἀνθρώπων	ἄνθρωπος	NOUN	Noun_Gen_Pl_Masc	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἀπίστους	nmod	high	Genitive of respect/reference with ἀπίστους.
19	οἷς	ὅς	PRON	Pron_Dat_Pl_Masc	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	25 γένηται	obl	medium	Relative dative, probably referring to people for whom the condition holds.
20	ἂν	ἄν	PART	Particle	_	25 γένηται	advmod	high	Modal particle with subjunctive.
21	μὴ	μή	PART	Particle_Neg	Polarity=Neg	25 γένηται	advmod	high	Negator of the conditional subjunctive.
22	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	Prep_Acc	_	23 τὸν	case	high	Preposition governing τὸν αὐτῶν βίον.
23	τὸν	ὁ	DET	Art_Acc_Sg_Masc	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	26 βίον	det	high
24	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	Pron_Gen_Pl	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	26 βίον	nmod:poss	high	Possessive genitive.
25	γένηται	γίγνομαι	VERB	V- Aor Mid Subj 3Sg	Mood=Sub\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	28 ἐπιτυχεῖν	advcl	medium	Conditional/eventual subjunctive; subject is implicit or supplied by the relative construction.
26	βίον	βίος	NOUN	Noun_Acc_Sg_Masc	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 γένηται	obl	high	Accusative with παρά.
27	θεάμασιν	θέαμα	NOUN	Noun_Dat_Pl_Neut	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	28 ἐπιτυχεῖν	obl	high	Dative with ἐπιτυχεῖν.
28	ἐπιτυχεῖν	ἐπιτυγχάνω	VERB	V- Aor Act Inf	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	16 εἶναι	xcomp	medium	Infinitive dependent on εἶναι; construed with dative θεάμασιν.
29	λόγου	λόγος	NOUN	Noun_Gen_Sg_Masc	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	30 μείζοσιν	nmod	medium	Genitive dependent on μείζοσιν, ‘greater than speech/description’.
30	μείζοσιν	μέγας	ADJ	Adj_Dat_Pl_Neut	Case=Dat\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	27 θεάμασιν	amod	medium	Comparative adjective agreeing with θεάμασιν.
31	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἔφασκεν	punct	high

Sentence 2

10.4.6 sentence 2

Tokens: 13
Input: 685
Output: 1,039
Total: 1,724

αὐτὸς δὲ καὶ Τιτυὸν καὶ ἄλλους ἔφη πείθεσθαι γεγονέναι κατὰ τὴν φήμην·

The subject αὐτός is the experiencer/agent of ἔφη; the infinitive chain πείθεσθαι γεγονέναι is reported speech, with κατὰ τὴν φήμην modifying γεγονέναι. The exact semantic scope of πείθεσθαι over γεγονέναι is somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	αὐτὸς	αὐτός	PRON	P-S---NM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	7 ἔφη	nsubj	high	Explicit nominative subject of ἔφη.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 ἔφη	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	4 Τιτυὸν	cc	high	Coordinates Τιτυόν with ἄλλους.
4	Τιτυὸν	Τιτυώς	PROPN	N-S---AM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 πείθεσθαι	obj	high	Accusative object of πείθεσθαι.
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	6 ἄλλους	cc	high	Coordinates ἄλλους with Τιτυόν.
6	ἄλλους	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-P---AM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 πείθεσθαι	obj	high	Substantivized accusative adjective, coordinated with Τιτυόν.
7	ἔφη	φημί	VERB	V-IAI-3S--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Matrix verb of saying.
8	πείθεσθαι	πείθω	VERB	V-PMN-	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	7 ἔφη	ccomp	high	Infinitival complement of ἔφη; middle voice means obey/trust or be persuaded.
9	γεγονέναι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-RAN-	Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	8 πείθεσθαι	xcomp	medium	Perfect infinitive dependent on πείθεσθαι; semantic scope is syntactically compressed.
10	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	R--------	AdpType=Prep	12 φήμην	case	high	Accusative-governing preposition.
11	τὴν	ὁ	DET	L-S---AF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	12 φήμην	det	high	Article modifying φήμην.
12	φήμην	φήμη	NOUN	N-S---AF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 γεγονέναι	obl	high	Prepositional phrase modifying γεγονέναι: according to report/reputation.
13	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἔφη	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

10.4.6 sentence 3

Tokens: 41
Input: 970
Output: 2,770
Total: 3,740

τυχεῖν γὰρ δὴ ὢν ἐν Γαδείροις, καὶ ἐκπλεῦσαι μὲν αὐτός τε καὶ τὸν ἄλλον πάντα ὄχλον ἐκ τῆς νήσου κατὰ τὸ Ἡρακλέους πρόσταγμα, ὡς δὲ αὖθις ἐπανήκειν ἐς τὰ Γάδειρα, ἄνδρα εὑρεῖν θαλάσσιον ἐκπεπτωκότα ἐς τὴν γῆν·

The excerpt is an infinitival narrative sequence; εὑρεῖν is treated as the local root, while τυχεῖν, ἐκπλεῦσαι, and ἐπανήκειν are coordinated or subordinate infinitives whose ultimate governor lies in preceding context.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τυχεῖν	τυγχάνω	VERB	V- inf a act	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	35 εὑρεῖν	ccomp	medium	Aorist infinitive coordinated with ἐκπλεῦσαι and dependent on εὑρεῖν in the larger construction.
2	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	PART	_	1 τυχεῖν	discourse	high
3	δὴ	δή	PART	PART	_	1 τυχεῖν	discourse	high
4	ὢν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PPA-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	1 τυχεῖν	advcl	high	Concessive/temporal participle with understood subject.
5	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	6 Γαδείροις	case	high
6	Γαδείροις	Γάδειρα	PROPN	N-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	4 ὢν	obl	high	Locative dative plural place-name.
7	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	1 τυχεῖν	punct	high
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	9 ἐκπλεῦσαι	cc	high
9	ἐκπλεῦσαι	ἐκπλέω	VERB	V- inf a act	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	35 εὑρεῖν	conj	high	Coordinated infinitive.
10	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	9 ἐκπλεῦσαι	discourse	high	Correlative μέν, answered by δέ at token 27.
11	αὐτός	αὐτός	PRON	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	9 ἐκπλεῦσαι	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐκπλεῦσαι.
12	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 αὐτός	cc	high
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 ὄχλον	cc	high
14	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 ἄλλον	det	high
15	ἄλλον	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 ὄχλον	amod	high
16	πάντα	πᾶς	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 ὄχλον	amod	high	Predeterminer-like adjective modifying ὄχλον.
17	ὄχλον	ὄχλος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 ἐκπλεῦσαι	obj	high
18	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	20 νήσου	case	high
19	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	20 νήσου	det	high
20	νήσου	νῆσος	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 ἐκπλεῦσαι	obl	high
21	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	PREP	_	24 πρόσταγμα	case	high	Here with accusative in the sense ‘according to’.
22	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	24 πρόσταγμα	det	high
23	Ἡρακλέους	Ἡρακλῆς	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 πρόσταγμα	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on πρόσταγμα.
24	πρόσταγμα	πρόσταγμα	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	9 ἐκπλεῦσαι	obl	high	Accusative object of κατά in the idiom ‘according to the command’.
25	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	9 ἐκπλεῦσαι	punct	high
26	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	29 ἐπανήκειν	mark	high	Introduces the temporal clause.
27	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	29 ἐπανήκειν	cc	high	Correlative with μέν at token 10.
28	αὖθις	αὖθις	ADV	ADV	_	29 ἐπανήκειν	advmod	high
29	ἐπανήκειν	ἐπανήκω	VERB	V- inf p act	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	35 εὑρεῖν	advcl	high	Temporal infinitive clause under ὡς, coordinated in the larger infinitival sequence.
30	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	32 Γάδειρα	case	high
31	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	32 Γάδειρα	det	high
32	Γάδειρα	Γάδειρα	PROPN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	29 ἐπανήκειν	obl	high	Destination accusative plural place-name.
33	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	29 ἐπανήκειν	punct	high
34	ἄνδρα	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	35 εὑρεῖν	obj	high
35	εὑρεῖν	εὑρίσκω	VERB	V- inf a act	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Root infinitive of the sentence's reported narrative construction; syntactic governor is outside the excerpt.
36	θαλάσσιον	θαλάσσιος	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 ἄνδρα	amod	high
37	ἐκπεπτωκότα	ἐκπίπτω	VERB	V-PAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	34 ἄνδρα	acl	high	Perfect active participle agreeing with ἄνδρα.
38	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	40 γῆν	case	high
39	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	40 γῆν	det	high
40	γῆν	γῆ	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	37 ἐκπεπτωκότα	obl	high	Destination/complement of ἐκπεπτωκότα.
41	·	·	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	35 εὑρεῖν	punct	high

Sentence 4

10.4.6 sentence 4

Tokens: 14
Input: 690
Output: 1,083
Total: 1,773

τοῦτον πλέθρα μὲν πέντε μάλιστα ἐπέχειν, κεραυνωθέντα δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καίεσθαι.

The sentence is an accusative-and-infinitive construction with τοῦτον as shared accusative subject; κεραυνωθέντα is an accusative passive participle referring to that subject and καίεσθαι is coordinated with ἐπέχειν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῦτον	οὗτος	PRON	D-PRON	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	6 ἐπέχειν	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitives in an accusative-and-infinitive construction.
2	πλέθρα	πλέθρον	NOUN	N----NPA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 ἐπέχειν	obl	medium	Measure expression, accusative of extent with ἐπέχειν.
3	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	6 ἐπέχειν	discourse	high	Correlative particle introducing the first member of a contrast.
4	πέντε	πέντε	NUM	M--------	NumType=Card	2 πλέθρα	nummod	high	Cardinal modifying πλέθρα.
5	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	D--------	Degree=Sup	6 ἐπέχειν	advmod	high	Approximating adverb, ‘about/at most’.
6	ἐπέχειν	ἐπέχω	VERB	V-PAN----	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	First coordinated infinitive of the reported description.
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἐπέχειν	punct	high
8	κεραυνωθέντα	κεραυνόω	VERB	V-APPASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	13 καίεσθαι	advcl	medium	Accusative participle agreeing with τοῦτον; temporal/causal relation to καίεσθαι.
9	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	13 καίεσθαι	cc	high	Second member of the μέν...δέ contrast.
10	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R--------	_	12 θεοῦ	case	high	Agent-marking preposition with the genitive.
11	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L-GS-M--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	12 θεοῦ	det	high
12	θεοῦ	θεός	NOUN	N-GSM---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 κεραυνωθέντα	obl:agent	high	Agent of the passive participle κεραυνωθέντα.
13	καίεσθαι	καίω	VERB	V-PMN----	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	6 ἐπέχειν	conj	high	Second infinitive coordinated with ἐπέχειν; shares the accusative subject τοῦτον.
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἐπέχειν	punct	high

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