Grammar parses for passage 10.4.6
Open translation for this passage
Κλέων δὲ ἀνὴρ Μάγνης, οἳ τῷ Ἕρμῳ προσοικοῦσιν, ἔφασκεν ἐς τὰ παράδοξα ἀπίστους εἶναι τῶν ἀνθρώπων οἷς ἂν μὴ παρὰ τὸν αὐτῶν γένηται βίον θεάμασιν ἐπιτυχεῖν λόγου μείζοσιν·
The sentence has a complex reported-speech structure with a relative clause on Κλέων and an embedded conditional clause governing ἐπιτυχεῖν; the final comparative phrase is syntactically somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλέων | Κλέων | PROPN | NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἔφασκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔφασκεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 ἔφασκεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | NN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Κλέων | appos | high | Apposition to Κλέων. |
| 4 | Μάγνης | Μάγνης | ADJ | A- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀνὴρ | amod | medium | Ethnonym modifying ἀνήρ; could be taken as appositional adjective. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔφασκεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 προσοικοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Relative subject of προσοικοῦσιν. |
| 7 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἕρμῳ | det | high | Article with Ἕρμῳ. |
| 8 | Ἕρμῳ | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | N | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 προσοικοῦσιν | obl | high | Dative object of προσοικοῦσιν. |
| 9 | προσοικοῦσιν | προσοικέω | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 οἳ | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying οἳ. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔφασκεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἔφασκεν | φάσκω | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 14 παράδοξα | case | high | Preposition governing τὰ παράδοξα. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 παράδοξα | det | high | Article with παράδοξα. |
| 14 | παράδοξα | παράδοξος | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἔφασκεν | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἔφασκεν. |
| 15 | ἀπίστους | ἄπιστος | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicative complement with εἶναι. |
| 16 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 ἔφασκεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἔφασκεν. |
| 17 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀνθρώπων | det | high | Article with ἀνθρώπων. |
| 18 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of infinitive εἶναι. |
| 19 | οἷς | ὅς | PRON | P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἐπιτυχεῖν | obl | high | Dative relative pronoun with ἐπιτυχεῖν. |
| 20 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | G | _ | 25 γένηται | advmod | high | Modal particle with subjunctive γένηται. |
| 21 | μὴ | μή | PART | G | _ | 25 γένηται | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 22 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R- | _ | 26 βίον | case | high | Preposition with τὸν αὐτῶν βίον. |
| 23 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 βίον | det | high | Article with βίον. |
| 24 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 βίον | det | medium | Possessive/genitive modifier of βίον. |
| 25 | γένηται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 28 ἐπιτυχεῖν | advcl | high | Conditional clause dependent on ἐπιτυχεῖν. |
| 26 | βίον | βίος | NOUN | N | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 γένηται | obl | high | Object of παρὰ. |
| 27 | θεάμασιν | θέαμα | NOUN | N | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 ἐπιτυχεῖν | iobj | high | Dative complement with ἐπιτυχεῖν. |
| 28 | ἐπιτυχεῖν | ἐπιτυγχάνω | VERB | V- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 εἶναι | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement within the reported statement. |
| 29 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 μείζοσιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of μείζοσιν. |
| 30 | μείζοσιν | μέγας | ADJ | A- | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 ἐπιτυχεῖν | obl | medium | Comparative adjective, likely modifying θεάμασιν/λόγου phrase; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔφασκεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
αὐτὸς δὲ καὶ Τιτυὸν καὶ ἄλλους ἔφη πείθεσθαι γεγονέναι κατὰ τὴν φήμην·
Main clause with ἔφη governing an infinitival complement; coordinated accusative subjects/objects are attached to πείθεσθαι/γεγονέναι with some ambiguity, and κατὰ τὴν φήμην is a prepositional phrase modifying the infinitival content.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | Pp-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=No | 7 ἔφη | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject of ἔφη. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 7 ἔφη | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 4 Τιτυὸν | cc | high | Coordinates Τιτυὸν with ἄλλους. |
| 4 | Τιτυὸν | Τίτυος | PROPN | Ne-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πείθεσθαι | obj | medium | Likely coordinated accusative complement of πείθεσθαι. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 ἄλλους | cc | high | Coordinates ἄλλους with Τιτυὸν. |
| 6 | ἄλλους | ἄλλος | ADJ | a-pAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Τιτυὸν | conj | high | Coordinated accusative with Τιτυὸν. |
| 7 | ἔφη | φημί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | πείθεσθαι | πείθομαι | VERB | V-PNM | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 7 ἔφη | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἔφη. |
| 9 | γεγονέναι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAA | Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 8 πείθεσθαι | xcomp | high | Dependent infinitive, likely completing πείθεσθαι. |
| 10 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 12 φήμην | case | high | Governed preposition. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 φήμην | det | high | Article. |
| 12 | φήμην | φήμη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 γεγονέναι | obl | high | Adverbial prepositional object of γεγονέναι. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔφη | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
τυχεῖν γὰρ δὴ ὢν ἐν Γαδείροις, καὶ ἐκπλεῦσαι μὲν αὐτός τε καὶ τὸν ἄλλον πάντα ὄχλον ἐκ τῆς νήσου κατὰ τὸ Ἡρακλέους πρόσταγμα, ὡς δὲ αὖθις ἐπανήκειν ἐς τὰ Γάδειρα, ἄνδρα εὑρεῖν θαλάσσιον ἐκπεπτωκότα ἐς τὴν γῆν·
The sentence is highly elliptical, with several infinitives coordinated under an implied reporting frame; attachment of some accusatives/prepositional phrases is therefore approximate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τυχεῖν | τυγχάνω | VERB | V-PAAN | Aspect=Perf?|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Likely infinitive functioning as discourse-leading main predication; syntax is somewhat elliptical. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 τυχεῖν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | D-------- | _ | 1 τυχεῖν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 τυχεῖν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with an implied subject. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Γαδείροις | case | high | Preposition. |
| 6 | Γαδείροις | Γάδειρα | PROPN | N-P---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ὢν | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐν. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 τυχεῖν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἐκπλεῦσαι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 9 | ἐκπλεῦσαι | ἐκπλέω | VERB | V-ANA | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 τυχεῖν | conj | high | Coordinate infinitive dependent on 1. |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 9 ἐκπλεῦσαι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 11 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | A-P---NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ὄχλον | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of ἐκπλεῦσαι; probably 'he himself'. |
| 12 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 αὐτός | cc | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἐκπλεῦσαι | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitival clauses. |
| 14 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ὄχλον | det | high | Article with ὄχλον. |
| 15 | ἄλλον | ἄλλος | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ὄχλον | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 16 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ὄχλον | amod | high | Attributive adjective agreeing with ὄχλον. |
| 17 | ὄχλον | ὄχλος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐκπλεῦσαι | obj | high | Object/accusative complement of ἐκπλεῦσαι. |
| 18 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 νήσου | case | high | Preposition. |
| 19 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 νήσου | det | high | Article with νήσου. |
| 20 | νήσου | νῆσος | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὄχλον | obl | high | Genitive with ἐκ. |
| 21 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 πρόσταγμα | case | high | Preposition. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 πρόσταγμα | det | high | Article with πρόσταγμα. |
| 23 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 πρόσταγμα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of πρόσταγμα. |
| 24 | πρόσταγμα | πρόσταγμα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ὄχλον | obl | medium | Prepositional phrase modifying the departure event; attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐκπλεῦσαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 26 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 29 ἐπανήκειν | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing reported temporal/clausal content. |
| 27 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 29 ἐπανήκειν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 28 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 29 ἐπανήκειν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐπανήκειν. |
| 29 | ἐπανήκειν | ἐπανήκω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 τυχεῖν | conj | high | Coordinate infinitive dependent on 1. |
| 30 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 32 Γάδειρα | case | high | Preposition. |
| 31 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 32 Γάδειρα | det | high | Article with Γάδειρα. |
| 32 | Γάδειρα | Γάδειρα | PROPN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 ἐπανήκειν | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐπανήκειν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 34 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 εὑρεῖν | obj | medium | Object of εὑρεῖν; accusative with infinitive. |
| 35 | εὑρεῖν | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-ANA | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 τυχεῖν | conj | high | Coordinate infinitive dependent on 1. |
| 36 | θαλάσσιον | θαλάσσιος | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ἄνδρα | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 37 | ἐκπεπτωκότα | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | V-RAP-AMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 34 ἄνδρα | acl | high | Participial modifier of ἄνδρα. |
| 38 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 40 γῆν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 39 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 40 γῆν | det | high | Article with γῆν. |
| 40 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 ἐκπεπτωκότα | obl | high | Goal/source complement of ἐκπεπτωκότα. |
| 41 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 τυχεῖν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τοῦτον πλέθρα μὲν πέντε μάλιστα ἐπέχειν, κεραυνωθέντα δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καίεσθαι.
Two coordinated infinitival clauses depend on the first infinitive; the participial phrase κεραυνωθέντα δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ is best taken as predicative/secondary predication, though the exact attachment is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 6 ἐπέχειν | obj | high | Accusative demonstrative pronoun, object of ἐπέχειν. |
| 2 | πλέθρα | πλέθρον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπέχειν | obj | high | Accusative measure phrase with ἐπέχειν. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 6 ἐπέχειν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 4 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | M- | NumType=Card | 2 πλέθρα | nummod | high | Numeral modifying πλέθρα. |
| 5 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D--------- | _ | 6 ἐπέχειν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐπέχειν. |
| 6 | ἐπέχειν | ἐπέχω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Infinitival clause, coordinated with following infinitive. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπέχειν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | κεραυνωθέντα | κεραυνόω | VERB | V-APP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 13 καίεσθαι | advcl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with τοῦτον; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 13 καίεσθαι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 θεοῦ | case | high | Introduces agent phrase. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 θεοῦ | det | high | Article. |
| 12 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 κεραυνωθέντα | obl | high | Genitive agent with passive participle. |
| 13 | καίεσθαι | καίω | VERB | V--PNE--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 6 ἐπέχειν | conj | high | Second infinitive coordinated with ἐπέχειν. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπέχειν | punct | high | Punctuation. |