Grammar parses for passage 10.7.5
Open translation for this passage
ἔθεσαν δὲ καὶ ἆθλα τότε ἀθληταῖς πρῶτον, τά τε ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ πλὴν τεθρίππου καὶ αὐτοὶ νομοθετήσαντες δολίχου καὶ διαύλου παισὶν εἶναι δρόμον.
The coordinated predicate ἔθεσαν governs ἆθλα, with ἀθληταῖς as recipient and τότε/πρῶτον as adverbials. The relative-like τά τε ... καὶ ... phrase specifies the prizes; νομοθετήσαντες is a concessive/participial adjunct with αὐτοί as subject, and εἶναι δρόμον is its infinitival complement, with δολίχου καὶ διαύλου dependent on δρόμον and παισίν as the beneficiary/participant group. The attachment of αὐτοί and the precise scope of πλὴν are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔθεσαν | τίθημι | VERB | V-3P-A-I- ACT | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active indicative, ‘they established/set’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--- | _ | 1 ἔθεσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--- | _ | 1 ἔθεσαν | cc | high | Coordinates the added predicate/object phrase. |
| 4 | ἆθλα | ἆθλον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἔθεσαν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔθεσαν. |
| 5 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D--- | _ | 1 ἔθεσαν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 6 | ἀθληταῖς | ἀθλητής | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἔθεσαν | iobj | high | Dative of recipients/participants. |
| 7 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἔθεσαν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘for the first time’. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔθεσαν | punct | high | |
| 9 | τά | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἆθλα | det | medium | Article introducing the specified prizes; substantival/relative-like force is possible. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--- | _ | 9 τά | cc | medium | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--- | _ | 12 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing Ὀλυμπίᾳ. |
| 12 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 τά | nmod | high | Place-name in a prepositional modifier of τά. |
| 13 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | R--- | _ | 14 τεθρίππου | case | medium | Exceptive preposition/adverb; its scope is the following τεθρίππου. |
| 14 | τεθρίππου | τέθριππος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 τά | nmod | medium | Genitive of exception, ‘except the four-horse chariot event’; nominalized adjective. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--- | _ | 17 νομοθετήσαντες | cc | high | Coordinates participial adjuncts/ideas. |
| 16 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 νομοθετήσαντες | nsubj | medium | Intensive pronoun, subject of νομοθετήσαντες; antecedent is the implicit subject of ἔθεσαν. |
| 17 | νομοθετήσαντες | νομοθετέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ἔθεσαν | advcl | medium | Aorist active participle, likely circumstantial (‘having legislated/ordained’). |
| 18 | δολίχου | δόλιχος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 δρόμον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δρόμον, naming a race. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--- | _ | 20 διαύλου | cc | high | Coordinates the two race names. |
| 20 | διαύλου | δίαυλος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 δολίχου | conj | high | Second coordinated genitive race name. |
| 21 | παισὶν | παῖς | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 εἶναι | iobj | medium | Dative of those for whom the race was ordained. |
| 22 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PXN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 νομοθετήσαντες | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of νομοθετήσαντες. |
| 23 | δρόμον | δρόμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι: ‘to be a race’. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔθεσαν | punct | high |
δευτέρᾳ δὲ πυθιάδι οὐκ ἐπὶ ἄθλοις ἐκάλεσαν ἔτι ἀγωνίζεσθαι, στεφανίτην δὲ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἀπὸ τούτου κατεστήσαντο·
The first clause has an elided infinitival complement/object after ἐκάλεσαν, with ἀγωνίζεσθαι as its complement and ἐπὶ ἄθλοις indicating the former contest type; στεφανίτην is a predicative accusative with τὸν ἀγῶνα, while ἀπὸ τούτου marks the temporal point of the change.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δευτέρᾳ | δεύτερος | ADJ | A- -FS-D- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 πυθιάδι | amod | high | Agrees with πυθιάδι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐκάλεσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πυθιάδι | πυθιάς | NOUN | N-----FS-D | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐκάλεσαν | obl | high | Dative temporal reference: 'at the second Pythiad'. |
| 4 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | T-------- | Polarity=Neg | 7 ἐκάλεσαν | advmod | high | Negates ἐκάλεσαν. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ἄθλοις | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 6 | ἄθλοις | ἆθλος | NOUN | N-----MP-D | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀγωνίζεσθαι | obl | high | Dative with ἐπί, describing the contests. |
| 7 | ἐκάλεσαν | καλέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 8 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 ἀγωνίζεσθαι | advmod | high | Modifies the infinitive: 'any longer'. |
| 9 | ἀγωνίζεσθαι | ἀγωνίζομαι | VERB | V-PNM--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 7 ἐκάλεσαν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on ἐκάλεσαν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐκάλεσαν | punct | high | |
| 11 | στεφανίτην | στεφανίτης | ADJ | A-----MS-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀγῶνα | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with τὸν ἀγῶνα; alternatively analyzed as an object-oriented depictive. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 κατεστήσαντο | cc | high | Connective introducing the second clause. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-----MS-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀγῶνα | det | high | Article modifying ἀγῶνα. |
| 14 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-----MS-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 κατεστήσαντο | obj | high | Object of κατεστήσαντο. |
| 15 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 τούτου | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 16 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | P-----GS-N | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 17 κατεστήσαντο | obl | high | Genitive of temporal starting point: 'from this point onward'. |
| 17 | κατεστήσαντο | καθίστημι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 7 ἐκάλεσαν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; middle voice is lexical here ('established/made'). |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐκάλεσαν | punct | high |
ἡ γὰρ αὐλῳδία μέλη τε ἦν αὐλῶν τὰ σκυθρωπότατα καὶ ἐλεγεῖα θρῆνοι προσᾳδόμενα τοῖς αὐλοῖς.
The sentence has a γάρ-explanation with coordinated predicate nominal phrases: αὐλῳδία was μέλη ... and ἐλεγεῖα θρῆνοι, the latter modified by προσᾳδόμενα τοῖς αὐλοῖς. The exact attachment of τὰ σκυθρωπότατα is taken as attributive to μέλη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 αὐλῳδία | det | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G--------- | Polarity=Pos | 6 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | αὐλῳδία | αὐλῳδία | NOUN | N-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | μέλη | μέλος | NOUN | N-----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἦν | attr | medium | Predicate nominative with ἦν. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 4 μέλη | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 6 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | αὐλῶν | αὐλός | NOUN | N-----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 μέλη | nmod | medium | Genitive of material or association: melodies of pipes. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 σκυθρωπότατα | det | high | |
| 9 | σκυθρωπότατα | σκυθρωπός | ADJ | A-----NPN- | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 μέλη | amod | medium | Superlative adjective agreeing with μέλη; article-adjective sequence is attributive. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 11 ἐλεγεῖα | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate nominal phrase. |
| 11 | ἐλεγεῖα | ἐλεγεῖον | NOUN | N-----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἦν | attr | medium | Second predicate nominal phrase; coordinates with μέλη. |
| 12 | θρῆνοι | θρῆνος | NOUN | N-----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐλεγεῖα | appos | medium | Appositional specification of ἐλεγεῖα: elegies, namely laments. |
| 13 | προσᾳδόμενα | προσᾴδω | VERB | V-PMPNPN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 11 ἐλεγεῖα | acl | medium | Passive present participle; agreement with neuter ἐλεγεῖα is morphologically possible, though semantic attachment to θρῆνοι is also plausible. |
| 14 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 αὐλοῖς | det | high | |
| 15 | αὐλοῖς | αὐλός | NOUN | N-----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 προσᾳδόμενα | obl | high | Dative complement with προσᾳδόμενα. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἦν | punct | high |