Grammar parses for passage 10.7.5
Open translation for this passage
ἔθεσαν δὲ καὶ ἆθλα τότε ἀθληταῖς πρῶτον, τά τε ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ πλὴν τεθρίππου καὶ αὐτοὶ νομοθετήσαντες δολίχου καὶ διαύλου παισὶν εἶναι δρόμον.
The syntax is a main clause with a circumstantial aorist participle introducing an infinitival explanatory clause; token 9 begins a tricky article-led phrase probably referring to races/events at Olympia, with πλὴν τεθρίππου as an exception.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔθεσαν | τίθημι | VERB | VAAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἔθεσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἆθλα | cc | high | Connects coordinated object/phrase. |
| 4 | ἆθλα | ἆθλον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἔθεσαν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔθεσαν. |
| 5 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D | _ | 1 ἔθεσαν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 6 | ἀθληταῖς | ἀθλητής | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἔθεσαν | obl | medium | Dative of recipient/beneficiary. |
| 7 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A-NSN | _ | 1 ἔθεσαν | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial 'for the first time'; morphology is adjectival in form. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔθεσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | τά | ὁ | DET | RD-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 δρόμον | det | medium | Article with following infinitival phrase. |
| 10 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 9 τά | fixed | medium | Enclitic connective with article. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 12 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 12 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | Ne-Fs-loc | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 δρόμον | nmod | high | Locative/locative-like complement of δρόμον. |
| 13 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | R | _ | 14 τεθρίππου | case | high | Preposition used exceptive. |
| 14 | τεθρίππου | τέθριππος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | nmod | medium | Genitive governed by πλὴν; likely 'except the chariot-race'. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 νομοθετήσαντες | cc | high | Connects participle to preceding material. |
| 16 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---MN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 νομοθετήσαντες | nsubj | medium | Emphatic subject of participle. |
| 17 | νομοθετήσαντες | νομοθετέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ἔθεσαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main clause. |
| 18 | δολίχου | δολιχός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 δρόμον | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier within the infinitival clause; likely dependent on δρόμον. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 διαύλου | cc | high | Coordinates with προηγούμενον genitive. |
| 20 | διαύλου | δίαυλος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 δολίχου | conj | high | Coordinated genitive with δολίχου. |
| 21 | παισὶν | παῖς | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Com|Number=Plur | 22 εἶναι | iobj | medium | Dative with infinitive; likely indirect object/beneficiary. |
| 22 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 νομοθετήσαντες | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement; depends on participial/reporting structure. |
| 23 | δρόμον | δρόμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 εἶναι | obj | high | Predicate/object of infinitive εἶναι. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔθεσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
δευτέρᾳ δὲ πυθιάδι οὐκ ἐπὶ ἄθλοις ἐκάλεσαν ἔτι ἀγωνίζεσθαι, στεφανίτην δὲ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἀπὸ τούτου κατεστήσαντο·
Two coordinated/main clauses share the narrative sequence; στεφανίτην δὲ τὸν ἀγῶνα is somewhat elliptical and the exact attachment of στεφανίτην is uncertain, but it most plausibly modifies ἀγῶνα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δευτέρᾳ | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-DSF- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 πυθιάδι | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying πυθιάδι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἐκάλεσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πυθιάδι | Πυθιάς | NOUN | N-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐκάλεσαν | obl | high | Dative of time with δευτέρᾳ. |
| 4 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 7 ἐκάλεσαν | advmod | high | Negation of the finite verb. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ἄθλοις | case | high | Preposition governing ἄθλοις. |
| 6 | ἄθλοις | ἄθλος | NOUN | N-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐκάλεσαν | obl | high | Prepositional complement with ἐπὶ. |
| 7 | ἐκάλεσαν | καλέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of the first clause. |
| 8 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 ἀγωνίζεσθαι | advmod | high | Modifies the infinitive. |
| 9 | ἀγωνίζεσθαι | ἀγωνίζομαι | VERB | V-PMN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 7 ἐκάλεσαν | xcomp | high | Complement of ἐκάλεσαν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐκάλεσαν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 11 | στεφανίτην | στεφανίτης | ADJ | A-ASM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀγῶνα | amod | medium | Likely adjectival modifier of ἀγῶνα; form could also be substantivized. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 17 κατεστήσαντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ἀγῶνα | det | high | Definite article. |
| 14 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 κατεστήσαντο | obj | high | Direct object of κατεστήσαντο. |
| 15 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 τούτου | case | high | Preposition governing τούτου. |
| 16 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PDGSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 17 κατεστήσαντο | obl | high | Prepositional complement with ἀπό. |
| 17 | κατεστήσαντο | καθίστημι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main predicate. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 κατεστήσαντο | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
ἡ γὰρ αὐλῳδία μέλη τε ἦν αὐλῶν τὰ σκυθρωπότατα καὶ ἐλεγεῖα θρῆνοι προσᾳδόμενα τοῖς αὐλοῖς.
The clause is largely predicative and somewhat elliptical: δύο coordinated predicate nouns/accusative predicatives appear after ἦν, with the second linked by καί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 αὐλῳδία | det | high | article with αὐλῳδία |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | g-------- | _ | 6 ἦν | discourse | high | postpositive explanatory particle |
| 3 | αὐλῳδία | αὐλῳδία | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἦν | nsubj | high | subject of ἦν |
| 4 | μέλη | μέλος | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἦν | xcomp | medium | predicate accusative; syntax somewhat elliptical |
| 5 | τε | τε | PART | c-------- | _ | 4 μέλη | cc | high | coordinating enclitic particle |
| 6 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | copular root |
| 7 | αὐλῶν | αὐλός | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 μέλη | nmod | high | genitive dependent of μέλη |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 σκυθρωπότατα | det | high | article with σκυθρωπότατα |
| 9 | σκυθρωπότατα | σκυθρωπότατος | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 μέλη | amod | high | attributive to μέλη |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 11 ἐλεγεῖα | cc | high | links second predicate nominal |
| 11 | ἐλεγεῖα | ἐλεγεῖον | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 θρῆνοι | nsubj | medium | likely coordinated predicate noun with ἦν |
| 12 | θρῆνοι | θρῆνος | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἦν | xcomp | medium | predicate accusative coordinated with μέλη; form is nominative-looking but context suggests accusative predicative use |
| 13 | προσᾳδόμενα | προσᾴδω | VERB | v-pppnn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 12 θρῆνοι | amod | high | participle modifying θρῆνοι |
| 14 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 αὐλοῖς | det | high | article with αὐλοῖς |
| 15 | αὐλοῖς | αὐλός | NOUN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 προσᾳδόμενα | obl | high | dative with προσᾳδόμενα |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἦν | punct | high | sentence-final punctuation |