Grammar parses for passage 10.7.7
Open translation for this passage
ὀγδόῃ δὲ πυθιάδι προσενομοθέτησαν κιθαριστὰς τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν κρουμάτων τῶν ἀφώνων· καὶ Τεγεάτης ἐστεφανοῦτο Ἀγέλαος.
The first clause has an understood subject (the authorities) and an accusative object κιθαριστάς with τούς ἐπὶ τῶν κρουμάτων τῶν ἀφώνων as an attributive specification. In the second clause Ἀγέλαος is the nominative subject of the passive ἐστεφανοῦτο; Τεγεάτης is a predicate nominative. The exact force of ἐπί with κρούματα is contextually specialized and is analyzed as governing a genitive phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὀγδόῃ | ὄγδοος | ADJ | A- -DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 πυθιάδι | amod | high | Feminine dative ordinal modifying πυθιάδι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 προσενομοθέτησαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πυθιάδι | πυθιάς | NOUN | N- -DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 προσενομοθέτησαν | obl | high | Dative time expression, 'at/on the eighth Pythiad'. |
| 4 | προσενομοθέτησαν | προσενομοθετέω | VERB | V- -IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; subject is implicit. |
| 5 | κιθαριστὰς | κιθαριστής | NOUN | N- -MAP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 προσενομοθέτησαν | obj | high | Accusative object, persons for whom the rule was instituted. |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T- -MAP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 κιθαριστὰς | det | high | Article introducing an attributive identification of κιθαριστάς. |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- - - | _ | 9 κρουμάτων | case | high | Preposition governing the following genitive phrase. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T- -GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 κρουμάτων | det | high | Article modifying κρουμάτων. |
| 9 | κρουμάτων | κροῦμα | NOUN | N- -GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 κιθαριστὰς | nmod | medium | Genitive complement of ἐπί; phrase specifies the relevant instrumental or rhythmic performances. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T- -GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἀφώνων | det | high | Article modifying ἀφώνων. |
| 11 | ἀφώνων | ἄφωνος | ADJ | A- -GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 κρουμάτων | amod | high | Attributive adjective agreeing with κρουμάτων. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 προσενομοθέτησαν | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἐστεφανοῦτο | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 14 | Τεγεάτης | Τεγεάτης | PROPN | N- -MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστεφανοῦτο | nsubj | medium | Predicate nominative is also possible; analyzed here as the subject identifying Ἀγέλαος by ethnonym. |
| 15 | ἐστεφανοῦτο | στεφανόω | VERB | V- -IPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Pass | 4 προσενομοθέτησαν | conj | high | Imperfect passive, coordinated with the first clause. |
| 16 | Ἀγέλαος | Ἀγέλαος | PROPN | N- -MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστεφανοῦτο | nsubj | high | Personal-name subject of the passive verb. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 προσενομοθέτησαν | punct | high |
τρίτῃ δὲ πυθιάδι ἐπὶ ταῖς εἴκοσι προστιθέασιν ὁπλίτην δρόμον· καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ Τιμαίνετος ἐκ Φλιοῦντος ἀνείλετο τὴν δάφνην, Ὀλυμπιάσιν ὕστερον πέντε ἢ Δαμάρετος Ἡραιεὺς ἐνίκησεν.
The sentence has two coordinated clauses. In the second, ἐπʼ αὐτῷ means 'for/in connection with this event'; Ὀλυμπιάσιν ὕστερον πέντε ἢ Δαμάρετος Ἡραιεὺς ἐνίκησεν is an elliptical temporal comparison, with πέντε modifying an understood Olympiads and ἢ introducing the comparison point.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τρίτῃ | τρίτος | ADJ | A--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 πυθιάδι | amod | high | Ordinal modifying πυθιάδι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 προστιθέασιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | πυθιάδι | πυθιάς | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 προστιθέασιν | obl | high | Dative temporal/instrumental setting: 'at the third Pythiad'. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 εἴκοσι | case | high | With dative ταῖς εἴκοσι, temporal/ordinal expression. |
| 5 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | L--DPF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 εἴκοσι | det | high | |
| 6 | εἴκοσι | εἴκοσι | NUM | M----DP- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 7 προστιθέασιν | obl | medium | Substantivized numeral, likely 'the twenty'; exact syntactic relation is somewhat elliptical. |
| 7 | προστιθέασιν | προστίθημι | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 8 | ὁπλίτην | ὁπλίτης | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 δρόμον | compound | high | First element of the event name ὁπλίτην δρόμον. |
| 9 | δρόμον | δρόμος | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 προστιθέασιν | obj | high | Object of προστιθέασιν; ὁπλίτην δρόμον is the added race. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 προστιθέασιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἀνείλετο | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 12 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 αὐτῷ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 13 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνείλετο | obl | high | Dative object of ἐπί, referring to the newly added race/event. |
| 14 | Τιμαίνετος | Τιμαίνετος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνείλετο | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Φλιοῦντος | case | high | |
| 16 | Φλιοῦντος | Φλιοῦς | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Τιμαίνετος | nmod | high | Ethnic/geographical origin: 'from Phlius'. |
| 17 | ἀνείλετο | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-AMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 7 προστιθέασιν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 δάφνην | det | high | |
| 19 | δάφνην | δάφνη | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνείλετο | obj | high | Prize object of ἀνείλετο, literally 'won/took the laurel'. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀνείλετο | punct | high | |
| 21 | Ὀλυμπιάσιν | ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N--DPF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 ὕστερον | obl | high | Temporal dative: 'in Olympiads'. |
| 22 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Pos | 17 ἀνείλετο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, governing or modifying the following numeral phrase. |
| 23 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | M----AP- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur | 22 ὕστερον | nummod | medium | Numeral in an elliptical temporal expression; case is inherited/uncertain in this construction. |
| 24 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 Δαμάρετος | cc | high | Introduces the comparison point. |
| 25 | Δαμάρετος | Δαμάρετος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἐνίκησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνίκησεν. |
| 26 | Ἡραιεὺς | Ἡραιεύς | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 Δαμάρετος | appos | high | Ethnic designation/apposition to Δαμάρετος. |
| 27 | ἐνίκησεν | νικάω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 ἀνείλετο | advcl | medium | Finite comparison clause; semantically supplies the reference event for the elliptical temporal phrase. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀνείλετο | punct | high |
ὀγδόῃ δὲ ἐπὶ τεσσαράκοντα πυθιάδι καὶ συνωρίδος εἶναι κατεστήσαντο δρόμον· καὶ Ἐξηκεστίδου Φωκέως ἐνίκησεν ἡ συνωρίς.
The first clause is somewhat elliptical/irregular: κατεστήσαντο δρόμον governs an infinitival complement εἶναι, with πυθιάδι likely an instrumental/temporal dative and συνωρίδος a genitive dependent on δρόμον; the second clause has the genitive name as a possessive/genitive of the victor.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὀγδόῃ | ὄγδοος | ADJ | A--DSF- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πυθιάδι | amod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 κατεστήσαντο | cc | high | Postpositive contrastive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 τεσσαράκοντα | case | high | |
| 4 | τεσσαράκοντα | τεσσαράκοντα | NUM | M-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 πυθιάδι | nummod | medium | Fixed numeral expression with πυθιάδι; morphology is partly conventionalized. |
| 5 | πυθιάδι | Πυθιάς | NOUN | Nb------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 κατεστήσαντο | obl | medium | Likely dative of occasion/time or measure in the calendrical expression. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 συνωρίδος | cc | high | |
| 7 | συνωρίδος | συνωρίς | NOUN | Nb------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 δρόμον | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on δρόμον, specifying the chariot-pair event. |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN-- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 κατεστήσαντο | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of κατεστήσαντο. |
| 9 | κατεστήσαντο | καθίστημι | VERB | V--AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist middle; sense is ‘established/introduced’ an event. |
| 10 | δρόμον | δρόμος | NOUN | Nb----A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | obj | medium | Accusative subject/predicative object within the infinitival construction; attachment is syntactically uncertain. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 κατεστήσαντο | punct | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἐνίκησεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 13 | Ἐξηκεστίδου | Ἐξηκεστίδης | PROPN | Ne-g---G | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐνίκησεν | nmod:poss | high | Genitive patronymic/name dependent on Φωκέως. |
| 14 | Φωκέως | Φωκεύς | PROPN | Ne-g---G | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐνίκησεν | nmod | medium | Genitive identifying the victor, likely ‘of Phocis’; exact appositional structure is uncertain. |
| 15 | ἐνίκησεν | νικάω | VERB | V--AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated clause has its own finite root. |
| 16 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | S----NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 συνωρίς | det | high | |
| 17 | συνωρίς | συνωρίς | NOUN | Nb----N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐνίκησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐνίκησεν | punct | high |
πέμπτῃ δὲ πυθιάδι ἀπὸ ταύτης πώλους ἔζευξαν ὑπὸ ἅρματι· καὶ παρέδραμεν Ὀρφώνδα Θηβαίου τέθριππον.
The first clause has a dative time expression and a genitive-separated source phrase; in the second, παρέδραμεν is an aorist verb with Ὀρφώνδα as subject and τέθριππον as its chariot-team complement, while Θηβαίου is a genitive attributive to the proper name. The exact construal of ὑπὸ ἅρματι is somewhat idiomatic/uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πέμπτῃ | πέμπτος | ADJ | A-3FS-D | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 πυθιάδι | amod | high | Ordinal modifying πυθιάδι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἔζευξαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πυθιάδι | πυθιάς | NOUN | N-3FS-D | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔζευξαν | obl | high | Dative temporal expression, ‘at the fifth Pythiad’. |
| 4 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ταύτης | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 5 | ταύτης | οὗτος | PRON | PD-3FS-G | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔζευξαν | obl | high | Demonstrative genitive governed by ἀπό. |
| 6 | πώλους | πῶλος | NOUN | N-2MP-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔζευξαν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔζευξαν. |
| 7 | ἔζευξαν | ζεύγνυμι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the first clause. |
| 8 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 ἅρματι | case | medium | Preposition with dative ἅρματι; idiomatic construal is uncertain. |
| 9 | ἅρματι | ἅρμα | NOUN | N-3NS-D | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔζευξαν | obl | medium | Dative complement of ὑπό, apparently expressing the chariot context/position. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔζευξαν | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 παρέδραμεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 12 | παρέδραμεν | παρατρέχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἔζευξαν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb; subject is Ὀρφώνδα. |
| 13 | Ὀρφώνδα | Ὀρφώνδας | PROPN | N-3MS-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 παρέδραμεν | nsubj | medium | Proper name; form is nominative despite its -α ending. |
| 14 | Θηβαίου | Θηβαῖος | ADJ | A-3MS-G | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Ὀρφώνδα | amod | high | Genitive ethnic adjective modifying Ὀρφώνδα. |
| 15 | τέθριππον | τέθριππος | ADJ | A-4NS-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 παρέδραμεν | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘a four-horse team’; object/complement of παρέδραμεν. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 παρέδραμεν | punct | high |