Grammar parses for passage 10.7.8
Open translation for this passage
παγκράτιον δʼ ἐν παισὶ καὶ συνωρίδα τε πώλων καὶ πῶλον κέλητα πολλοῖς ἔτεσιν ὕστερον κατεδέξαντο Ἠλείων, τὸ μὲν πρώτῃ πυθιάδι ἐπὶ ταῖς ἑξήκοντα, καὶ Ἰολαΐδας ἐνίκα Θηβαῖος·
The syntax is elliptical after κατεδέξαντο: τὸ μέν and the Pythiad/sixty phrase specify one historical item, while the following καὶ clause states that Iolaidas the Theban won.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παγκράτιον | παγκράτιον | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 κατεδέξαντο | obj | high | |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 15 κατεδέξαντο | cc | high | Elided form of δέ. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 4 παισὶ | case | high | |
| 4 | παισὶ | παῖς | NOUN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Common|Number=Plur | 15 κατεδέξαντο | obl | high | Dative after ἐν. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 15 κατεδέξαντο | cc | high | |
| 6 | συνωρίδα | συνωρίς | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 κατεδέξαντο | obj | high | |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 συνωρίδα | cc | high | |
| 8 | πώλων | πῶλος | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 συνωρίδα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on συνωρίδα. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 10 πῶλον | cc | high | |
| 10 | πῶλον | πῶλος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 κατεδέξαντο | obj | high | |
| 11 | κέλητα | κέλης | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 πῶλον | appos | medium | Appositional specification of πῶλον. |
| 12 | πολλοῖς | πολύς | ADJ | a-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἔτεσιν | amod | high | |
| 13 | ἔτεσιν | ἔτος | NOUN | n-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 κατεδέξαντο | obl | high | Dative of elapsed time. |
| 14 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | d-------- | _ | 15 κατεδέξαντο | advmod | high | |
| 15 | κατεδέξαντο | καταδέχομαι | VERB | v3paim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject is understood from Ἠλείων. |
| 16 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 κατεδέξαντο | nmod | medium | Genitive of the Eleans, likely dependent on an understood subject/agent formulation. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κατεδέξαντο | punct | high | |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 πρώτῃ | det | high | Article with implied neuter event/object. |
| 19 | μὲν | μέν | PART | d-------- | _ | 20 πρώτῃ | advmod | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart is not expressed in this sentence. |
| 20 | πρώτῃ | πρῶτος | ADJ | a-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 πυθιάδι | amod | high | |
| 21 | πυθιάδι | Πυθιάς | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 κατεδέξαντο | obl | medium | Dative temporal/locative, specifying the first Pythiad; τὸ μέν introduces an elliptic qualification. |
| 22 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 24 ἑξήκοντα | case | high | |
| 23 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 ἑξήκοντα | det | high | |
| 24 | ἑξήκοντα | ἑξήκοντα | NUM | m-------- | Case=Uninflected|Number=Plur | 21 πυθιάδι | nmod | medium | Numeral phrase likely refers elliptically to the sixtieth (Pythiad); form is indeclinable. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κατεδέξαντο | punct | high | |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 28 ἐνίκα | cc | high | |
| 27 | Ἰολαΐδας | Ἰολαΐδας | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | |
| 28 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 15 κατεδέξαντο | parataxis | high | Paratactic continuation describing the victory. |
| 29 | Θηβαῖος | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 Ἰολαΐδας | appos | high | Apposition to Ἰολαΐδας. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κατεδέξαντο | punct | high |
διαλιπόντες δὲ ἀπὸ ταύτης μίαν κέλητι ἔθεσαν δρόμον πώλῳ, ἐνάτῃ δὲ ἐπὶ ταῖς ἑξήκοντα συνωρίδι πωλικῇ, καὶ ἐπὶ μὲν τῷ πώλῳ τῷ κέλητι Λυκόρμας ἀνηγορεύθη Λαρισαῖος, Πτολεμαῖος δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ συνωρίδι Μακεδών·
The sentence coordinates two race events; διαλιπόντες is an adverbial circumstantial participle with implicit subject, while ἔθεσαν governs δρόμον with event-specific instrumental/dative complements. The final clauses use ἀνηγορεύθη with predicative ethnic names; exact case analysis of πώλῳ/κέλητι is somewhat idiomatic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διαλιπόντες | διαλείπω | VERB | V-PAAP-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 7 ἔθεσαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, subject understood from ἔθεσαν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 διαλιπόντες | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 ταύτης | case | high | |
| 4 | ταύτης | οὗτος | PRON | D-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Demonstrative | 1 διαλιπόντες | obl | high | Object of separation with ἀπό. |
| 5 | μίαν | εἷς | NUM | A-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|NumType=Card|Number=Singular | 6 κέλητι | amod | high | Numeral modifying κέλητι. |
| 6 | κέλητι | κέλης | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 7 ἔθεσαν | obl | medium | Dative of means/competition, coordinated conceptually with συνωρίδι. |
| 7 | ἔθεσαν | τίθημι | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | δρόμον | δρόμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 7 ἔθεσαν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἔθεσαν. |
| 9 | πώλῳ | πῶλος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 7 ἔθεσαν | obl | medium | Dative specifying the race category/animal. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔθεσαν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐνάτῃ | ἔνατος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 16 συνωρίδι | amod | high | Ordinal modifying συνωρίδι; elliptical repetition of ἔθεσαν δρόμον. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐνάτῃ | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 συνωρίδι | case | high | |
| 14 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dative|Definite=Def|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 15 ἑξήκοντα | det | high | |
| 15 | ἑξήκοντα | ἑξήκοντα | NUM | A-NPF | Case=Indeclinable|NumType=Card|Number=Plural | 16 συνωρίδι | nummod | medium | Indeclinable numeral in the phrase ταῖς ἑξήκοντα συνωρίσι. |
| 16 | συνωρίδι | συνωρίς | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 7 ἔθεσαν | obl | high | Dative complement specifying the second race. |
| 17 | πωλικῇ | πωλικός | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 16 συνωρίδι | amod | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔθεσαν | punct | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἀνηγορεύθη | cc | high | Coordinates the result/reporting clause with the preceding account. |
| 20 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 23 πώλῳ | case | high | |
| 21 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 27 ἀνηγορεύθη | advmod | high | Correlative μέν paired with δέ at token 31. |
| 22 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dative|Definite=Def|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 23 πώλῳ | det | high | |
| 23 | πώλῳ | πῶλος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 27 ἀνηγορεύθη | obl | high | Object of ἐπί, identifying the event. |
| 24 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dative|Definite=Def|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 25 κέλητι | det | high | |
| 25 | κέλητι | κέλης | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 23 πώλῳ | appos | high | Appositional specification of the pony category. |
| 26 | Λυκόρμας | Λυκόρμας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 27 ἀνηγορεύθη | nsubj:pass | high | Personal name, nominative subject of the passive verb. |
| 27 | ἀνηγορεύθη | ἀναγορεύω | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 0 ROOT | parataxis | high | Finite reporting clause; coordination with καί. |
| 28 | Λαρισαῖος | Λαρισαῖος | PROPN | A-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 27 ἀνηγορεύθη | xcomp | medium | Predicative ethnic designation after ἀνηγορεύθη. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἀνηγορεύθη | punct | high | |
| 30 | Πτολεμαῖος | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 35 Μακεδών | nsubj | high | Subject of the elliptical second reporting clause. |
| 31 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 Μακεδών | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 32 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 34 συνωρίδι | case | high | |
| 33 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dative|Definite=Def|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 34 συνωρίδι | det | high | |
| 34 | συνωρίδι | συνωρίς | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 35 Μακεδών | obl | high | Object of ἐπί, identifying the second event. |
| 35 | Μακεδών | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 27 ἀνηγορεύθη | parataxis | medium | Elliptical second clause: Πτολεμαῖος [ἀνηγορεύθη] Μακεδών. |
| 36 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἀνηγορεύθη | punct | high |
ἔχαιρον γὰρ δὴ Μακεδόνες οἱ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ καλούμενοι βασιλεῖς, καθάπερ γε ἦσαν.
The subject is Μακεδόνες, modified by οἱ ... καλούμενοι βασιλεῖς: ‘the Macedonians who were called kings in Egypt’; καθάπερ introduces a comparison with elliptical or repeated characterization, and γε is an emphatic particle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔχαιρον | χαίρω | VERB | V2IAI3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | X | _ | 1 ἔχαιρον | discourse | high | Causal connective particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 1 ἔχαιρον | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | Μακεδόνες | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἔχαιρον | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 καλούμενοι | det | high | Substantivizing article with the participial phrase. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 7 Αἰγύπτῳ | case | high | |
| 7 | Αἰγύπτῳ | Αἴγυπτος | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 καλούμενοι | obl | high | |
| 8 | καλούμενοι | καλέω | VERB | V-PMP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 9 βασιλεῖς | acl | high | Participial modifier of βασιλεῖς, within the οἱ ... βασιλεῖς phrase. |
| 9 | βασιλεῖς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Μακεδόνες | appos | high | Appositional predicative designation of Μακεδόνες; the article and participle form a restrictive nominal phrase. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔχαιρον | punct | high | |
| 11 | καθάπερ | καθάπερ | ADV | D | _ | 13 ἦσαν | advmod | high | Comparative subordinating adverb/conjunction. |
| 12 | γε | γε | PART | X | _ | 13 ἦσαν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 13 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 1 ἔχαιρον | conj | medium | Elliptical comparative clause; καθάπερ may imply ‘just as they indeed were’. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔχαιρον | punct | high |
δάφνης δὲ στέφανος ἐπὶ τῶν Πυθίων τῇ νίκῃ κατʼ ἄλλο μὲν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἐστιν οὐδέν, ὅτι δὲ τῆς Λάδωνος θυγατρὸς Ἀπόλλωνα ἐρασθῆναι κατέσχηκεν ἡ φήμη.
The sentence contrasts two explanations for the laurel crown: the first is dismissed as nothing special, while the second is the tradition/reputation that Apollo fell in love with the daughter of Ladon.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δάφνης | δάφνη | NOUN | N-GEN-S-F | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 στέφανος | nmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 στέφανος | cc | high | |
| 3 | στέφανος | στέφανος | NOUN | N-NOM-S-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Πυθίων | case | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GEN-P-N | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 Πυθίων | det | high | |
| 6 | Πυθίων | Πύθια | PROPN | N-GEN-P-N | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 στέφανος | nmod | high | ἐπὶ τῶν Πυθίων denotes the Pythian games/context. |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DAT-S-F | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 νίκῃ | det | high | |
| 8 | νίκῃ | νίκη | NOUN | N-DAT-S-F | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 στέφανος | obl | high | Dative of occasion/circumstance. |
| 9 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 ἄλλο | case | high | |
| 10 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NOM/ACC-S-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 δοκεῖν | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter, adverbial after κατά. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 10 ἄλλο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; δέ follows at token 18. |
| 12 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-DAT-S-1 | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 13 δοκεῖν | iobj | high | Dative with δοκεῖν. |
| 13 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V-PRES-ACT-INF | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in the parenthetical expression ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν. |
| 14 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PRES-ACT-3-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | P-ACC-S-N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστιν | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter, adverbial ‘in no respect’; exact attachment is somewhat compressed. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 17 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 κατέσχηκεν | mark | high | Introduces the content clause. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 κατέσχηκεν | cc | high | Contrasts the second explanation. |
| 19 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GEN-S-F | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 θυγατρὸς | det | high | |
| 20 | Λάδωνος | Λάδων | PROPN | N-GEN-S-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 θυγατρὸς | nmod | high | |
| 21 | θυγατρὸς | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-GEN-S-F | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 Ἀπόλλωνα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Ἀπόλλωνα as the loved person’s relation/parentage phrase. |
| 22 | Ἀπόλλωνα | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-ACC-S-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἐρασθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the passive infinitive ἐρασθῆναι. |
| 23 | ἐρασθῆναι | ἐράω | VERB | V-AOR-PAS-INF | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 24 κατέσχηκεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in indirect statement; Ἀπόλλωνα is its accusative subject. |
| 24 | κατέσχηκεν | κατέχω | VERB | V-PERF-ACT-3-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 14 ἐστιν | conj | high | Finite verb coordinated with ἐστιν; subject is ἡ φήμη. |
| 25 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NOM-S-F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 φήμη | det | high | |
| 26 | φήμη | φήμη | NOUN | N-NOM-S-F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 κατέσχηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐστιν | punct | high |