Grammar parses for passage 10.8.6
Open translation for this passage
ἐσελθόντι δὲ ἐς τὴν πόλιν εἰσὶν ἐφεξῆς ναοί·
The dative aorist participle is an impersonal circumstantial expression, likely referring to the person entering; εἰσὶν ναοί is existential/presentational, with ἐφεξῆς modifying ναοί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐσελθόντι | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | VAorActPtcp Dat Sg Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 εἰσὶν | advcl | high | Circumstantial dative participle; agent/reference is contextually understood. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 εἰσὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 πόλιν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-Acc-Sf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 5 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-Acc-Sf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐσελθόντι | obl | high | |
| 6 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/presentational use. |
| 7 | ἐφεξῆς | ἐφεξῆς | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 ναοί | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the sequence/presentation of the temples. |
| 8 | ναοί | ναός | NOUN | N-Nom-Pm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 6 εἰσὶν | punct | high |
καὶ ὁ μὲν πρῶτος αὐτῶν ἐρείπια ἦν, ὁ ἐπὶ τούτῳ δὲ κενὸς καὶ ἀγαλμάτων καὶ ἀνδριάντων·
Elliptical coordinated description: the first was ruins, while the second, located after/upon this one, was empty of statues and portrait-statues; ἦν is shared or understood in the second clause. The neuter plural predicate ἐρείπια with singular ἦν is an accepted collective/semantic agreement pattern; ἐπὶ τούτῳ is locative/positional.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 7 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 πρῶτος | det | high | Article substantivizing πρῶτος. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 πρῶτος | discourse | high | Correlative μέν awaiting δέ. |
| 4 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | nsubj | high | Substantivized masculine singular subject, ‘the first one’. |
| 5 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-G---3P- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 πρῶτος | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with substantivized πρῶτος. |
| 6 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N--NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative; neuter plural with singular copula, likely collective/semantic agreement. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root; understood again in the second coordinated clause. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 κενὸς | det | high | Article substantivizing the elided/understood second ordinal. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 τούτῳ | case | high | |
| 11 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | P--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 ὁ | nmod | high | Dative governed by ἐπί; positional phrase modifies the substantivized second item. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 13 κενὸς | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μὲν. |
| 13 | κενὸς | κενός | ADJ | A--NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | conj | medium | Predicative adjective for the second substantivized item; copula is elided/shared. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 15 ἀγαλμάτων | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἀγαλμάτων | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 κενὸς | obl | high | Genitive complement of κενός. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 17 ἀνδριάντων | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἀνδριάντων | ἀνδριάς | NOUN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἀγαλμάτων | conj | high | Coordinated genitive complement of κενός. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ αὐτῶν τρίτος καὶ ὁ τέταρτος, ὁ μὲν τῶν ἐν Ῥώμῃ βασιλευσάντων εἶχεν οὐ πολλῶν τινῶν εἰκόνας, ὁ τέταρτος δὲ Ἀθηνᾶς καλεῖται Προνοίας.
The sentence has a coordinated nominal frame ('the third and the fourth') followed by μέν/δέ clauses. The first ὁ μέν phrase is elliptical/substantivized, while Ἀθηνᾶς Προνοίας is treated as a genitive name/title construction after καλεῖται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | article-nom-m-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τρίτος | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 7 τέταρτος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | pron-gen-3pl | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 4 τρίτος | nmod:poss | high | |
| 4 | τρίτος | τρίτος | ADJ | adj-nom-m-sg | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 τέταρτος | conj | high | Substantivized ordinal, coordinated with τέταρτος. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | conj | _ | 7 τέταρτος | cc | high | |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | article-nom-m-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 τέταρτος | det | high | |
| 7 | τέταρτος | τέταρτος | ADJ | adj-nom-m-sg | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Substantivized ordinal; coordinates with τρίτος and introduces the following specifications. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 τέταρτος | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | article-nom-m-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 εἶχεν | nsubj | medium | Article with omitted/substantivized subject, resumed by the first clause. |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | part | _ | 9 ὁ | advmod | high | Correlative μέν; paired with δέ at token 23. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | article-gen-m-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 βασιλευσάντων | det | high | |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | prep | _ | 13 Ῥώμῃ | case | high | |
| 13 | Ῥώμῃ | Ῥώμη | PROPN | propn-dat-f-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 βασιλευσάντων | obl | high | |
| 14 | βασιλευσάντων | βασιλεύω | VERB | part-aor-act-gen-m-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 εἶχεν | nmod | high | Genitive substantival participle: those who ruled in Rome. |
| 15 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | verb-impf-act-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 τέταρτος | parataxis | high | First μέν clause. |
| 16 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | part-neg | Polarity=Neg | 17 πολλῶν | advmod | high | |
| 17 | πολλῶν | πολύς | ADJ | adj-gen-m-pl | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 εἰκόνας | amod | medium | Genitive with εἰκόνας, likely partitive/quantifying. |
| 18 | τινῶν | τις | PRON | pron-gen-m-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 πολλῶν | nmod | high | |
| 19 | εἰκόνας | εἰκών | NOUN | noun-acc-f-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 εἶχεν | obj | high | |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 εἶχεν | punct | high | |
| 21 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | article-nom-m-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 καλεῖται | nsubj | high | Article with substantivized τέταρτος. |
| 22 | τέταρτος | τέταρτος | ADJ | adj-nom-m-sg | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ὁ | appos | high | |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 25 καλεῖται | cc | high | Postpositive counterpart to μέν. |
| 24 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | propn-gen-f-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 καλεῖται | obl | high | Genitive dependent on καλεῖται: called [image/statue] of Athena. |
| 25 | καλεῖται | καλέω | VERB | verb-pres-midpass-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 7 τέταρτος | parataxis | high | Second δέ clause; middle/passive form meaning 'is called'. |
| 26 | Προνοίας | Πρόνοια | PROPN | propn-gen-f-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 καλεῖται | xcomp | medium | Likely genitive proper name in the title Ἀθηνᾶς Προνοίας; appositional/predicative complement of καλεῖται. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 τέταρτος | punct | high |
τῶν δὲ ἀγαλμάτων τὸ ἐν τῷ προνάῳ Μασσαλιωτῶν ἀνάθημά ἐστι, μεγέθει τοῦ ἔνδον ἀγάλματος μεῖζον.
The second predication is elliptical: ἀνάθημα ἐστι [μεῖζον], with μεγέθει as a dative of measure and τοῦ ἀγάλματος as the comparative genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T---GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἀγαλμάτων | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἀνάθημά | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀγαλμάτων | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--GPN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἀνάθημά | nmod | high | Genitive partitive/relational phrase: ‘of the statues’. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνάθημά | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 προνάῳ | case | high | |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T---DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 προνάῳ | det | high | |
| 7 | προνάῳ | πρόναος | NOUN | N--DSN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνάθημά | nmod | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 8 | Μασσαλιωτῶν | Μασσαλιώτης | PROPN | Nb-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀνάθημά | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀνάθημα, identifying the dedicators. |
| 9 | ἀνάθημά | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N--NSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Subject of copula; accent reflects proclitic/orthographic context. |
| 10 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 12 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | N--DSN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 μεῖζον | obl | high | Dative of respect/measure with μεῖζον. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T---GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἀγάλματος | det | high | |
| 14 | ἔνδον | ἔνδον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 15 ἀγάλματος | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἄγαλμα: ‘inside’. |
| 15 | ἀγάλματος | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--GSN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 μεῖζον | nmod | high | Standard genitive complement of comparative: ‘than the statue inside’. |
| 16 | μεῖζον | μέγας | ADJ | A-NSN-C-- | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective coordinated in the second clause; subject is understood as ἀνάθημα. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστι | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ Μεσσαλιῶται Φωκαέων εἰσὶν ἄποικοι τῶν ἐν Ἰωνίᾳ, μοῖρα καὶ αὕτη τῶν ποτε Ἅρπαγον τὸν Μῆδον φυγόντων ἐκ Φωκαίας·
The second clause is an explanatory apposition: μοῖρα καὶ αὕτη τῶν ... φυγόντων, ‘this too is a portion/group of those who once fled Harpagus the Mede from Phocaea’; the genitive participial phrase is linked to αὕτη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | article-nom-masc-plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Μεσσαλιῶται | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | partikel | _ | 3 Μεσσαλιῶται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Μεσσαλιῶται | Μεσσαλιώτης | PROPN | noun-nom-masc-plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 4 | Φωκαέων | Φωκαεύς | PROPN | noun-gen-masc-plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἄποικοι | nmod | high | Genitive of origin/descent. |
| 5 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | verb-pres-act-ind-3pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἄποικοι | ἄποικος | NOUN | noun-nom-masc-plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 εἰσὶν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with εἰσίν. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | article-gen-masc-plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 φυγόντων | det | high | |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | prep-dat | _ | 9 Ἰωνίᾳ | case | high | |
| 9 | Ἰωνίᾳ | Ἰωνία | PROPN | noun-dat-fem-sing | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 τῶν | nmod | high | τῶν ἐν Ἰωνίᾳ modifies Φωκαέων. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εἰσὶν | punct | high | |
| 11 | μοῖρα | μοῖρα | NOUN | noun-nom-fem-sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 αὕτη | appos | medium | Appositional predicate/identification for αὕτη. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | conj | _ | 13 αὕτη | cc | high | Connects the appositional noun to αὕτη. |
| 13 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | dem-pron-nom-fem-sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 εἰσὶν | parataxis | medium | Resumptive demonstrative introducing the explanatory clause. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | article-gen-masc-plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 φυγόντων | det | high | |
| 15 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | adv | _ | 19 φυγόντων | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘once/formerly’. |
| 16 | Ἅρπαγον | Ἅρπαγος | PROPN | noun-acc-masc-sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 φυγόντων | obj | high | |
| 17 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | article-acc-masc-sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Μῆδον | det | high | |
| 18 | Μῆδον | Μῆδος | PROPN | noun-acc-masc-sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Ἅρπαγον | appos | high | Apposition identifying Ἅρπαγον as the Mede. |
| 19 | φυγόντων | φεύγω | VERB | verb-aor-act-ptcp-gen-masc-plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 αὕτη | acl | high | Genitive plural agreeing with τῶν; its subject is the implied Phocaean colonists. |
| 20 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | prep-gen | _ | 21 Φωκαίας | case | high | |
| 21 | Φωκαίας | Φωκαία | PROPN | noun-gen-fem-sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 φυγόντων | obl | high | Source/place of departure with ἐκ. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εἰσὶν | punct | high |
γενόμενοι δὲ ναυσὶν ἐπικρατέστεροι Καρχηδονίων τήν τε γῆν ἣν ἔχουσιν ἐκτήσαντο καὶ ἐπὶ μέγα ἀφίκοντο εὐδαιμονίας.
The aorist participle γενόμενοι introduces the circumstance ‘having become more powerful by sea than the Carthaginians’; ἐκτήσαντο and ἀφίκοντο are coordinated main predicates, with τε ... καί linking their objects/complements.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενόμενοι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PAI-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 ἀφίκοντο | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, circumstantial and temporally prior. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἀφίκοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἐπικρατέστεροι | obl | high | Dative of respect or in the sphere of naval power. |
| 4 | ἐπικρατέστεροι | ἐπικρατής | ADJ | A-NPM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 γενόμενοι | xcomp | medium | Comparative predicate adjective with γενόμενοι; comparative complement is Καρχηδονίων. |
| 5 | Καρχηδονίων | Καρχηδών | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἐπικρατέστεροι | obl | high | Genitive complement of the comparative. |
| 6 | τήν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 γῆν | det | high | Article agreeing with γῆν. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐκτήσαντο | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 8 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐκτήσαντο | obj | high | Direct object of ἐκτήσαντο. |
| 9 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | R-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 10 ἔχουσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ἔχουσιν; its antecedent is γῆν. |
| 10 | ἔχουσιν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 γῆν | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause verb modifying γῆν. |
| 11 | ἐκτήσαντο | κτάομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 15 ἀφίκοντο | conj | high | First coordinated finite verb; subject is implicit. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἀφίκοντο | cc | high | Coordinates ἐκτήσαντο and ἀφίκοντο. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 14 μέγα | case | high | Preposition governing μέγα, with εὐδαιμονίας as a dependent genitive. |
| 14 | μέγα | μέγας | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἀφίκοντο | obl | medium | Accusative neuter μέγα used adverbially, in the phrase ἐπὶ μέγα. |
| 15 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 16 | εὐδαιμονίας | εὐδαιμονία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀφίκοντο | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on the idiomatic expression ἐπὶ μέγα ἀφικέσθαι, indicating the sphere or extent reached. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |