Grammar parses for passage 10.9.2
Open translation for this passage
ἀθλητὰς μὲν οὖν καὶ ὅσαι ἀγωνισταὶ μουσικῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοῖς πλείοσιν ἐγίνοντο μετὰ οὐδενὸς λογισμοῦ, μετὰ τῆς οὐ πάνυ τι ἡγοῦμαι σπουδῆς ἀξίους ·
The sentence is syntactically compressed: ὅσαι with ἀγωνισταί is retained as transmitted, while ἡγοῦμαι is treated as an evaluative parenthetical governing the accusative ἀθλητάς and predicative ἀξίους.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀθλητὰς | ἀθλητής | NOUN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἀξίους | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀξίους. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Pcl | _ | 1 ἀθλητὰς | discourse | high | |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | Pcl | _ | 12 ἐγίνοντο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 6 ἀγωνισταὶ | cc | high | Coordinates ἀγωνισταί with ἀθλητάς. |
| 5 | ὅσαι | ὅσος | PRON | P----NF-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἀγωνισταὶ | det | medium | Relative/quantifying determiner agreeing with understood feminine plural subject; syntax is compressed. |
| 6 | ἀγωνισταὶ | ἀγωνιστής | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐγίνοντο | nsubj | medium | Subject of ἐγίνοντο; ὅσαι is syntactically irregular or substantivized in the transmitted wording. |
| 7 | μουσικῆς | μουσική | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀγωνισταὶ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀγωνισταί. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀνθρώπων | det | high | |
| 9 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 πλείοσιν | nmod | high | Genitive partitive with πλείοσιν. |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 πλείοσιν | det | high | |
| 11 | πλείοσιν | πολύς | ADJ | A-DPM-C | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐγίνοντο | obl | medium | Dative with γίγνομαι, likely ‘for the greater number’; τῶν ἀνθρώπων is partitive. |
| 12 | ἐγίνοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-IPI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb governing the coordinated nominal subjects and following accusative predicative phrase. |
| 13 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | P----GA | _ | 15 λογισμοῦ | case | high | With genitive οὐδενὸς λογισμοῦ. |
| 14 | οὐδενὸς | οὐδείς | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 λογισμοῦ | det | high | Pronominal determiner of λογισμοῦ. |
| 15 | λογισμοῦ | λογισμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἀξίους | obl | medium | Prepositional phrase modifying ἀξίους/ἡγοῦμαι: ‘without any consideration’. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐγίνοντο | punct | high | |
| 17 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | P----GA | _ | 23 σπουδῆς | case | high | With genitive σπουδῆς. |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 σπουδῆς | det | high | |
| 19 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 22 ἡγοῦμαι | advmod | high | Negates ἡγοῦμαι. |
| 20 | πάνυ | πάνυ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 19 οὐ | advmod | high | Degree adverb within the negated phrase. |
| 21 | τι | τις | PRON | P----NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 πάνυ | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, reinforcing πάνυ (‘at all’). |
| 22 | ἡγοῦμαι | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-PMI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 12 ἐγίνοντο | parataxis | medium | First-person parenthetical/main evaluative verb; governs accusative ἀθλητάς and ἀξίους. |
| 23 | σπουδῆς | σπουδή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἀξίους | obl | high | Genitive complement within μετὰ τῆς ... σπουδῆς. |
| 24 | ἀξίους | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἡγοῦμαι | xcomp | high | Accusative predicative complement with ἡγοῦμαι. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐγίνοντο | punct | high |
ἀθλητὰς δὲ ὁπόσοι τι καὶ ὑπελείποντο ἐς δόξαν, ἐν λόγῳ σφᾶς ἐδήλωσα τῷ ἐς Ἠλείους.
The fronted accusative ἀθλητὰς is resumed by σφᾶς, while ὁπόσοι ὑπελείποντο forms a restrictive relative-like clause; ἐδήλωσα is the root, with τῷ ἐς Ἠλείους referring to the previously mentioned account concerning the Eleans. The exact force of ἐν λόγῳ is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀθλητὰς | ἀθλητής | NOUN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐδήλωσα | obj | medium | Fronted accusative topic/object, resumed by σφᾶς. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 13 ἐδήλωσα | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὁπόσοι | ὁπόσος | PRON | P-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ὑπελείποντο | nsubj | high | Relative-like quantifying pronoun, subject of ὑπελείποντο. |
| 4 | τι | τις | PRON | P-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὑπελείποντο | advmod | medium | Indefinite/neuter adverbial accusative, ‘in any respect’. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 4 τι | cc | high | |
| 6 | ὑπελείποντο | ὑπολείπω | VERB | V-3PII | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 13 ἐδήλωσα | acl:relcl | medium | Imperfect middle; clause modifies the understood athletes. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 δόξαν | case | high | |
| 8 | δόξαν | δόξα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ὑπελείποντο | obl | high | Goal or respect of remaining, ‘for/to glory’. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐδήλωσα | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 λόγῳ | case | high | |
| 11 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐδήλωσα | obl | medium | Dative with ἐν; idiomatic or elliptical phrase. |
| 12 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐδήλωσα | obj | high | Reflexive/resumptive accusative referring to the athletes. |
| 13 | ἐδήλωσα | δηλόω | VERB | V-1AAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 λόγῳ | det | high | Substantivized/article-linked dative, ‘the account’. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 Ἠλείους | case | high | |
| 16 | Ἠλείους | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 τῷ | nmod | high | Elean ethnic name, governed by ἐς. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐδήλωσα | punct | high |
Φαΰλῳ δὲ Κροτωνιάτῃ---Ὀλυμπίασι μὲν οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτῷ νίκη, τὰς δὲ Πυθοῖ πεντάθλου δύο ἀνείλετο καὶ σταδίου τὴν τρίτην·
Φαΰλῳ Κροτωνιάτῃ is a dative of reference; the later ἀνείλετο is coordinated/paratactic with the existential clause and has an understood subject. The accusatives τὰς ... δύο and τὴν τρίτην are substantivized victory objects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φαΰλῳ | Φαΰλος | PROPN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Κροτωνιάτῃ | nmod | high | Personal name in dative, coordinated/appositional with Κροτωνιάτῃ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 3 Κροτωνιάτῃ | cc | high | |
| 3 | Κροτωνιάτῃ | Κροτωνιάτης | PROPN | A--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἔστιν | obl | high | Dative of reference with ἔστιν. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 Κροτωνιάτῃ | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 Κροτωνιάτῃ | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 Κροτωνιάτῃ | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 7 | Ὀλυμπίασι | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N--DPL-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἔστιν | obl | high | Locative/directional dative, ‘at Olympia’. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 7 Ὀλυμπίασι | discourse | high | Correlative particle anticipating δέ. |
| 9 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | -------- | Polarity=Neg | 10 ἔστιν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular predicate. |
| 11 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P--DSM3-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 ἔστιν | obl | high | Dative of possession/reference. |
| 12 | νίκη | νίκη | NOUN | N--NSF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 14 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L--APF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 δύο | det | high | Article substantivally marks the two victories. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 19 ἀνείλετο | cc | high | Adversative continuation of μέν. |
| 16 | Πυθοῖ | Πυθώ | PROPN | N--DSL-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀνείλετο | obl | high | Locative dative, ‘at Delphi’; feminine proper name. |
| 17 | πεντάθλου | πένταθλον | NOUN | N--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 δύο | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the event: victories of the pentathlon. |
| 18 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | Case=Acc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 19 ἀνείλετο | obj | high | Accusative numeral functioning substantivally with τὰς. |
| 19 | ἀνείλετο | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-AMI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 10 ἔστιν | parataxis | high | Aorist middle ‘won/took’; subject is understood from αὐτῷ. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 19 ἀνείλετο | cc | high | |
| 21 | σταδίου | στάδιον | NOUN | N--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 τρίτην | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the stadium victory. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 τρίτην | det | high | |
| 23 | τρίτην | τρίτος | ADJ | A--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀνείλετο | obj | high | Substantivized ordinal, ‘the third [victory]’. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐναυμάχησε δὲ καὶ ἐναντία τοῦ Μήδου ναῦν τε παρασκευασάμενος οἰκείαν καὶ Κροτωνιατῶν ὁπόσοι ἐπεδήμουν τῇ Ἑλλάδι ἀνεβίβασεν---
The sentence coordinates ἐναυμάχησε and ἀνεβίβασεν; παρασκευασάμενος introduces the accompanying preparation, while the genitives Κροτωνιατῶν and relative clause involve contextually understood participants or vessels.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐναυμάχησε | ναυμαχέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐναυμάχησε | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐναυμάχησε | cc | high | Coordinating/adverbial καί; attachment is somewhat context-dependent. |
| 4 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἐναυμάχησε | advmod | medium | Neuter accusative adverbial adjective, ‘against/opposite’. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Μήδου | det | high | |
| 6 | Μήδου | Μῆδος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐναντία | obl | high | Genitive dependent on ἐναντία. |
| 7 | ναῦν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 παρασκευασάμενος | obj | high | |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ναῦν | cc | high | |
| 9 | παρασκευασάμενος | παρασκευάζω | VERB | V-AOM-MS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 1 ἐναυμάχησε | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, subject coreferential with the finite verb. |
| 10 | οἰκείαν | οἰκεῖος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ναῦν | amod | high | Predicate/modifying adjective with ναῦν: ‘his own’. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἀνεβίβασεν | cc | high | Coordinates the finite predicates. |
| 12 | Κροτωνιατῶν | Κροτωνιάτης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀνεβίβασεν | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on the following relative construction, with understood ships/men supplied contextually. |
| 13 | ὁπόσοι | ὁπόσος | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐπεδήμουν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | ἐπεδήμουν | ἐπιδημέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 17 ἀνεβίβασεν | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying the understood Crotoniate participants. |
| 15 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 Ἑλλάδι | det | high | |
| 16 | Ἑλλάδι | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπεδήμουν | obl | high | Locative/directional dative with ἐπιδημέω. |
| 17 | ἀνεβίβασεν | ἀναβιβάζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 ἐναυμάχησε | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate; object is contextually understood. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐναυμάχησε | punct | high | |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐναυμάχησε | punct | high | |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐναυμάχησε | punct | high |
τούτου ἐστὶν ἀνδριὰς ἐν Δελφοῖς.
Existential/copular clause: ἀνδριάς is the subject, with τούτου as a genitive dependent identifying the statue; ἐν Δελφοῖς is a locative prepositional phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | RD-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ἀνδριὰς | nmod | high | |
| 2 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 3 ἀνδριὰς | cop | high | |
| 3 | ἀνδριὰς | ἀνδριάς | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 5 Δελφοῖς | case | high | |
| 5 | Δελφοῖς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀνδριὰς | obl | high | |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀνδριὰς | punct | high |
τὰ μὲν δὴ ἐς τὸν Κροτωνιάτην οὕτως εἶχεν.
τὰ μέν ... οὕτως εἶχεν is an anaphoric topic construction: ‘as for matters concerning the Crotonian, things stood thus’; ἐς with the accusative marks the relevant person/topic. The neuter plural τὰ is substantivized, with μέν setting up an implicit contrast.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-----NAI | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 εἶχεν | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural article, ‘the matters/things’; object or content of εἶχεν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 1 τὰ | discourse | high | Correlative/topic particle; counterpart is implicit. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 8 εἶχεν | discourse | high | Emphatic discourse particle. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Κροτωνιάτην | case | high | Variant form of εἰς, governing the accusative. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-----MAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Κροτωνιάτην | det | high | |
| 6 | Κροτωνιάτην | Κροτωνιάτης | PROPN | Nb---mas | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶχεν | obl | high | Ethnic proper noun, ‘the Crotonian’; accusative governed by ἐς. |
| 7 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 εἶχεν | advmod | high | Adverbial predicate/manner modifier, ‘thus’. |
| 8 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V3SIAIA | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect ‘stood/was’; subject is implicit or the substantivized τὰ. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἶχεν | punct | high |
ἐσελθόντι δὲ ἐς τὸ τέμενος
The phrase is a dative circumstantial participial construction: ἐσελθόντι agrees with an understood masculine singular referent; δέ is postpositive, and ἐς τὸ τέμενος is a prepositional complement of the participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐσελθόντι | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | AorActPtcpDatSgMasc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | advcl | high | Dative circumstantial participle; syntactic attachment is necessarily provisional because the surrounding clause is omitted. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Part | _ | 1 ἐσελθόντι | cc | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 5 τέμενος | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-AccSgNeut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 τέμενος | det | high | |
| 5 | τέμενος | τέμενος | NOUN | N-AccSgNeut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἐσελθόντι | obl | high | Accusative object of ἐς; denotes the destination of entering. |