Grammar parses for passage 2.1.4
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἰσθμοῦ τῆς ἀρχῆς, ἔνθα ὁ λῃστὴς Σίνις λαμβανόμενος πιτύων ἦγεν ἐς τὸ κάτω σφᾶς·
Existential ἔστι introduces a locative phrase; ἔνθα begins a relative adverbial clause. λαμβανόμενος is a circumstantial middle/passive participle with Σίνις as subject, while πιτύων is a genitive plural dependent on the implied object/means associated with ἦγεν; σφᾶς is the object of ἦγεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ἰσθμοῦ | case | high | Takes genitive here. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S-GNM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἰσθμοῦ | det | high | |
| 5 | ἰσθμοῦ | ἰσθμός | NOUN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | obl | high | Locative genitive phrase with ἐπί. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S-GF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἀρχῆς | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἰσθμοῦ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἰσθμοῦ. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Rel | 15 ἦγεν | advmod | high | Relative adverb introducing the following clause. |
| 10 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 λῃστὴς | det | high | |
| 11 | λῃστὴς | λῃστής | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἦγεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦγεν; appositional relation to Σίνις. |
| 12 | Σίνις | Σίνις | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 λῃστὴς | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to λῃστής. |
| 13 | λαμβανόμενος | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-PPM-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 ἦγεν | advcl | medium | Circumstantial present participle; middle/passive morphology is contextually ambiguous. |
| 14 | πιτύων | πίτυς | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 λαμβανόμενος | obl | low | Form and attachment are uncertain; likely genitive plural of πίτυς, associated with the participial action. |
| 15 | ἦγεν | ἄγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 9 ἔνθα | advcl | high | Finite verb of the ἔνθα clause. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 κάτω | case | high | |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 κάτω | det | high | |
| 18 | κάτω | κάτω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 15 ἦγεν | obl | high | Substantivized directional adverb, 'downward/below'. |
| 19 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3AP---- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 ἦγεν | obj | high | Third-person plural object of ἦγεν. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high |
ὁπόσων δὲ μάχῃ κρατήσειεν, ἀπʼ αὐτῶν δήσας ἀφῆκεν ἂν τὰ δένδρα ἄνω φέρεσθαι·
Relative-indefinite temporal/conditional clause: ὁπόσων (with μάχῃ) is an object-partitive genitive referring to those whom he would overcome in battle; δήσας is aorist circumstantial participle, and ἂν with the aorist ἀφῆκεν expresses potential apodosis. φέρεσθαι is complementary infinitive with ἀφῆκεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁπόσων | ὁπόσος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 4 κρατήσειεν | obj | medium | Substantivized relative-indefinite adjective; genitive object of κρατήσειεν, with persons understood. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 κρατήσειεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DAT-SF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 κρατήσειεν | obl | high | Dative of sphere/means: in battle. |
| 4 | κρατήσειεν | κρατέω | VERB | V-A-O3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ἀφῆκεν | advcl | medium | Aorist optative in the subordinate ὁπόσων-clause; exact temporal/conditional force is context-dependent. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 κρατήσειεν | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 αὐτῶν | case | high | Elided preposition. |
| 7 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 8 δήσας | obl | high | Genitive object of ἀπό; refers to the persons overcome. |
| 8 | δήσας | δέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἀφῆκεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, sharing the subject of ἀφῆκεν. |
| 9 | ἀφῆκεν | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; ἂν gives potential/modal force. |
| 10 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | PRT | _ | 9 ἀφῆκεν | advmod | high | Modal particle with the main verb. |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 δένδρα | det | high | |
| 12 | δένδρα | δένδρον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 φέρεσθαι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive φέρεσθαι. |
| 13 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | ADV | _ | 14 φέρεσθαι | advmod | high | Directional adverb: upward. |
| 14 | φέρεσθαι | φέρω | VERB | V-PNP | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 9 ἀφῆκεν | xcomp | high | Complementary present passive infinitive after ἀφῆκεν. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀφῆκεν | punct | high |
τοιούτῳ διεφθάρη τρόπῳ καὶ αὐτὸς ὑπὸ Θησέως ὁ Σίνις· ἐκάθηρε γὰρ Θησεὺς τῶν κακούργων τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν ἐς Ἀθήνας ἐκ Τροιζῆνος, οὕς τε πρότερον κατηρίθμησα ἀνελὼν καὶ ἐν Ἐπιδαύρῳ τῇ ἱερᾷ Περιφήτην Ἡφαίστου νομιζόμενον, κορύνῃ χαλκῇ χρώμενον ἐς τὰς μάχας.
Two coordinated clauses: Σίνις is the passive subject of διεφθάρη, while Θησεύς is the subject of ἐκάθηρε. οὕς refers back to the previously enumerated κακοῦργοι and is the object of κατηρίθμησα; Περιφήτην is an additional object/partitive continuation of ἀνελών, with νομιζόμενον and χρώμενον modifying him. The relative/participial attachment is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοιούτῳ | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | DSdms | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 τρόπῳ | amod | high | Dative manner adjective agreeing with τρόπῳ. |
| 2 | διεφθάρη | διαφθείρω | VERB | V3SAPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist passive, with Σίνις as subject. |
| 3 | τρόπῳ | τρόπος | NOUN | N3MSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 διεφθάρη | obl | high | Dative of manner. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 2 διεφθάρη | cc | high | Coordinates the adverbial/passive clause with the following assertion. |
| 5 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P--NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 9 Σίνις | advmod | medium | Intensive pronoun, ‘himself’, emphasizing Σίνις. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 2 διεφθάρη | case | high | Agent marker with the genitive. |
| 7 | Θησέως | Θησεύς | PROPN | N--GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Σίνις | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive verb. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-NMS | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Σίνις | det | high | Article with Σίνις. |
| 9 | Σίνις | Σίνις | PROPN | N--NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 διεφθάρη | nsubj:pass | high | Passive subject. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 διεφθάρη | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐκάθηρε | καθαίρω | VERB | V3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | New finite clause after punctuation; coordinated discourse with preceding clause. |
| 12 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 11 ἐκάθηρε | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 13 | Θησεὺς | Θησεύς | PROPN | N--NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐκάθηρε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐκάθηρε. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GMP | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 κακούργων | det | high | Article with κακούργων. |
| 15 | κακούργων | κακοῦργος | ADJ | A--GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐκάθηρε | obl | high | Substantivized genitive, ‘of the criminals’. |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-AFS | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὁδὸν | det | high | Article with ὁδόν. |
| 17 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N1A--AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐκάθηρε | obj | high | Direct object of ἐκάθηρε. |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-AFS | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὁδὸν | det | high | Repeated article introducing a defining relative clause. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 Ἀθήνας | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀθήνας. |
| 20 | Ἀθήνας | Ἀθήναι | PROPN | N---AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ὁδὸν | nmod | high | Destination complement of the road. |
| 21 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 Τροιζῆνος | case | high | Preposition governing Τροιζῆνος. |
| 22 | Τροιζῆνος | Τροιζήν | PROPN | N--GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὁδὸν | nmod | high | Source complement of the road. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ὁδὸν | punct | high | |
| 24 | οὕς | ὅς | PRON | P---AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 27 κατηρίθμησα | obj | high | Relative object of κατηρίθμησα; antecedent is κακούργων. |
| 25 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 27 κατηρίθμησα | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator, paired with καί at token 29. |
| 26 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Pos | 27 κατηρίθμησα | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 27 | κατηρίθμησα | καταριθμέω | VERB | V1SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 40 χρώμενον | conj | medium | Finite first-person verb coordinated with the participial continuation; subject is implicit ἐγώ. |
| 28 | ἀνελὼν | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V--SAPMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 40 χρώμενον | advcl | medium | Aorist participle, likely sharing an implicit masculine subject with the narrator or describing the enumerating action. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 27 κατηρίθμησα | cc | high | Coordinates the preceding relative clause with the following participial phrase. |
| 30 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 31 Ἐπιδαύρῳ | case | high | Preposition governing Ἐπιδαύρῳ. |
| 31 | Ἐπιδαύρῳ | Ἐπίδαυρος | PROPN | N--DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 Περιφήτην | obl | high | Locative complement of the participial phrase. |
| 32 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-DFS | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἱερᾷ | det | high | Article with ἱερᾷ. |
| 33 | ἱερᾷ | ἱερός | ADJ | A--DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 Ἐπιδαύρῳ | amod | high | Adjectival modifier, ‘sacred’. |
| 34 | Περιφήτην | Περιφήτης | PROPN | N--AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἀνελὼν | obj | high | Object of ἀνελών; the construction is compressed after καί. |
| 35 | Ἡφαίστου | Ἥφαιστος | PROPN | N--GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 Περιφήτην | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Περιφήτην, identifying him as Hephaestus’s. |
| 36 | νομιζόμενον | νομίζω | VERB | V--PPMAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 34 Περιφήτην | acl | high | Accusative present passive participle agreeing with Περιφήτην. |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 40 χρώμενον | punct | high | |
| 38 | κορύνῃ | κορύνη | NOUN | N3--DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 40 χρώμενον | obl | high | Dative with χράομαι, denoting the weapon used. |
| 39 | χαλκῇ | χάλκεος | ADJ | A--DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 κορύνῃ | amod | high | Agrees with κορύνῃ. |
| 40 | χρώμενον | χράομαι | VERB | V--PPMAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 28 ἀνελὼν | advcl | high | Present middle participle agreeing with Περιφήτην; governs dative κορύνῃ and infinitival-purpose-like ἐς phrase. |
| 41 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 43 μάχας | case | high | Preposition governing μάχας. |
| 42 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-AFP | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 43 μάχας | det | high | Article with μάχας. |
| 43 | μάχας | μάχη | NOUN | N1A--AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 40 χρώμενον | obl | high | Purpose/use complement, ‘for battles’. |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐκάθηρε | punct | high |