Pausanias Analysis

Grammar parses for passage 2.1.7

← 2.1.62.1.8 →

Passage 2.1.7

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed
75Greek tokens
2,431input tokens
5,534output tokens
Sentence 2

2.1.7 sentence 2

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ἐλθόντι δὲ ἐς τοῦ θεοῦ τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦτο μὲν ἀθλητῶν νικησάντων· τὰ Ἴσθμια ἑστήκασιν εἰκόνες, τοῦτο δὲ πιτύων δένδρα ἐστὶ πεφυτευμένα ἐπὶ στοίχου, τὰ πολλὰ ἐς εὐθὺ αὐτῶν ἀνήκοντα.

The opening dative participle is an understood circumstantial construction (‘on coming to the sanctuary’); τοῦτο μὲν … τοῦτο δὲ … contrasts statues of victorious athletes with planted pine trees. The final τὰ πολλὰ is adverbial/accusative of extent (‘for the most part’), while ἀνήκοντα agrees with δένδρα and governs ἐς εὐθύ.

punct cc punct acl obl parataxis conj advcl acl case punct advmod parataxis nmod punct obl obl det det discourse nsubj det obl nsubj cc nmod nsubj xcomp case det case nmod root 1 ἐλθόντι ἔρχομαι / VERB 2 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 3 ἐς εἰς / ADP 4 τοῦ ὁ / DET 5 θεοῦ θεός / NOUN 6 τὸ ὁ / DET 7 ἱερὸν ἱερόν / NOUN 8 τοῦτο οὗτος / PRON 9 μὲν μέν / PART 10 ἀθλητῶν ἀθλητής / NOUN 11 νικησάντων νικάω / VERB 12 · · / PUNCT 13 τὰ ὁ / DET 14 Ἴσθμια Ἴσθμια / PROPN 15 ἑστήκασιν ἵστημι / VERB 16 εἰκόνες εἰκών / NOUN 17 , , / PUNCT 18 τοῦτο οὗτος / PRON 19 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 20 πιτύων πίτυς / NOUN 21 δένδρα δένδρον / NOUN 22 ἐστὶ εἰμί / AUX 23 πεφυτευμένα φυτεύω / VERB 24 ἐπὶ ἐπί / ADP 25 στοίχου στοῖχος / NOUN 26 , , / PUNCT 27 τὰ ὁ / DET 28 πολλὰ πολύς / ADJ 29 ἐς εἰς / ADP 30 εὐθὺ εὐθύς / ADV 31 αὐτῶν αὐτός / PRON 32 ἀνήκοντα ἀνήκω / VERB 33 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ἐλθόντιἔρχομαιVERBV-2AAP-D-SMCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act7 ἱερὸνadvclmediumCircumstantial aorist participle; understood subject is the visitor.
2δὲδέCCONJCONJ_15 ἑστήκασινcchighPostpositive connective.
3ἐςεἰςADPPREP_7 ἱερὸνcasehigh
4τοῦDETT-GSMCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art5 θεοῦdethigh
5θεοῦθεόςNOUNN-GSMCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing7 ἱερὸνnmodhighGenitive dependent on ἱερόν: ‘the god’s sanctuary’.
6τὸDETT-ASNCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art7 ἱερὸνdethigh
7ἱερὸνἱερόνNOUNN-ASNCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing15 ἑστήκασινoblhighObject of ἐς; head of the opening locative construction.
8τοῦτοοὗτοςPROND-ASNCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem16 εἰκόνεςparataxismediumFirst member of τοῦτο μὲν … τοῦτο δὲ …; resumptive/contrastive demonstrative.
9μὲνμένPARTPART_8 τοῦτοdiscoursehighCorrelative particle paired with δέ at token 19.
10ἀθλητῶνἀθλητήςNOUNN-GPMCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur11 νικησάντωνnsubjhighGenitive subject of the participle νικησάντων.
11νικησάντωννικάωVERBV-AAP-GPMCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act16 εἰκόνεςaclmediumGenitive absolute-like descriptive participle: ‘athletes who won’; exact attachment is somewhat elliptical.
12··PUNCTPUNCT_16 εἰκόνεςpuncthigh
13τὰDETT-APNCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art14 Ἴσθμιαdethigh
14ἼσθμιαἼσθμιαPROPNN-APNCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur15 ἑστήκασινoblmediumAccusative of respect/event: victories at the Isthmian Games.
15ἑστήκασινἵστημιVERBV-RIA-3PMood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighPerfect with stative meaning ‘stand’; subject follows as εἰκόνες.
16εἰκόνεςεἰκώνNOUNN-NPFCase=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur15 ἑστήκασινnsubjhighSubject of ἑστήκασιν.
17,,PUNCTPUNCT_15 ἑστήκασινpuncthigh
18τοῦτοοὗτοςPROND-ASNCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem21 δένδραparataxishighSecond member of the τοῦτο μὲν … τοῦτο δὲ … contrast.
19δὲδέCCONJCONJ_18 τοῦτοcchighCorrelative counterpart to μέν.
20πιτύωνπίτυςNOUNN-GPFCase=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur21 δένδραnmodhighMaterial/kind genitive: ‘pine trees’.
21δένδραδένδρονNOUNN-NPNCase=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur22 ἐστὶnsubjhighSubject of ἐστὶ πεφυτευμένα.
22ἐστὶεἰμίAUXV-PIA-3SMood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act15 ἑστήκασινconjmediumCopular/auxiliary finite verb; singular despite plural neuter subject is possible in the construction, though syntactically irregular.
23πεφυτευμέναφυτεύωVERBV-RMP-NPNCase=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass22 ἐστὶxcomphighPerfect passive participle, predicate of δένδρα: ‘planted’.
24ἐπὶἐπίADPPREP_25 στοίχουcasehigh
25στοίχουστοῖχοςNOUNN-GSMCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing23 πεφυτευμέναoblhighGenitive after ἐπί: ‘in a row/line’.
26,,PUNCTPUNCT_15 ἑστήκασινpuncthigh
27τὰDETT-APNCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art28 πολλὰdethighArticle in substantivized/adverbial phrase τὰ πολλὰ.
28πολλὰπολύςADJA-APNCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur32 ἀνήκονταadvmodhighAccusative adverbial phrase with τὰ: ‘for the most part’.
29ἐςεἰςADPPREP_30 εὐθὺcasehigh
30εὐθὺεὐθύςADVADV_32 ἀνήκονταoblmediumAdverbial noun/adverb after εἰς: ‘straight/in a straight line’.
31αὐτῶναὐτόςPRONP-GPNCase=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs32 ἀνήκονταnmodmediumGenitive dependent on εὐθύ, referring to the trees/rows.
32ἀνήκονταἀνήκωVERBV-PAP-NPNCase=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act23 πεφυτευμέναaclhighAttributive participle agreeing with δένδρα; ‘extending/reaching’.
33..PUNCTPUNCT_15 ἑστήκασινpuncthigh
Sentence 4

2.1.7 sentence 4

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καὶ ἀγάλματά ἐστιν ἐν τῷ προνάῳ δύο μὲν Ποσειδῶνος, τρίτον δὲ Ἀμφιτρίτης, καὶ Θάλασσα καὶ αὕτη χαλκῆ.

The sentence contains an existential clause with an enumeration of statues; the final Θάλασσα καὶ αὕτη χαλκῆ is an elliptical coordinated statement meaning that Thalassa too is bronze.

punct conj nummod nummod obl punct punct conj cc case nmod nmod nsubj det discourse cc cc cc nsubj root 1 καὶ καί / CCONJ 2 ἀγάλματά ἄγαλμα / NOUN 3 ἐστιν εἰμί / AUX 4 ἐν ἐν / ADP 5 τῷ ὁ / DET 6 προνάῳ πρόναος / NOUN 7 δύο δύο / NUM 8 μὲν μέν / PART 9 Ποσειδῶνος Ποσειδῶν / PROPN 10 , , / PUNCT 11 τρίτον τρίτος / ADJ 12 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 13 Ἀμφιτρίτης Ἀμφιτρίτη / PROPN 14 , , / PUNCT 15 καὶ καί / CCONJ 16 Θάλασσα θάλασσα / NOUN 17 καὶ καί / CCONJ 18 αὕτη οὗτος / PRON 19 χαλκῆ χαλκοῦς / ADJ 20 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1καὶκαίCCONJCONJ_3 ἐστινcchigh
2ἀγάλματάἄγαλμαNOUNN--NA--Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur3 ἐστινnsubjhighSubject of existential ἐστιν.
3ἐστινεἰμίAUXV-PAI-3SMood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothigh
4ἐνἐνADPPREP_6 προνάῳcasehigh
5τῷDETT-DSMCase=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing6 προνάῳdethigh
6προνάῳπρόναοςNOUNN-DSMCase=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing3 ἐστινoblhighLocative oblique with ἐν.
7δύοδύοNUMM--NA--Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|NumType=Card|Number=Plur2 ἀγάλματάnummodhighPredicative/count specification for ἀγάλματα.
8μὲνμένPARTQPART_7 δύοdiscoursehigh
9ΠοσειδῶνοςΠοσειδῶνPROPNN-GSMCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing7 δύοnmodhighGenitive of identification/possession.
10,,PUNCT__7 δύοpuncthigh
11τρίτοντρίτοςADJA--NA--Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing2 ἀγάλματάnummodhighElliptical third statue, coordinated with δύο.
12δὲδέCCONJCONJ_11 τρίτονcchigh
13ἈμφιτρίτηςἈμφιτρίτηPROPNN-GSFCase=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing11 τρίτονnmodhighGenitive identifying the third statue.
14,,PUNCT__11 τρίτονpuncthigh
15καὶκαίCCONJCONJ_16 Θάλασσαcchigh
16ΘάλασσαθάλασσαNOUNN--NSF-Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing3 ἐστινconjmediumAdditional coordinated subject/predicate item; understood statue of Thalassa.
17καὶκαίCCONJCONJ_18 αὕτηcchigh
18αὕτηοὗτοςPRONP-NSFCase=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem19 χαλκῆnsubjhighSubject of the verbless predicate χαλκῆ.
19χαλκῆχαλκοῦςADJA-NSFCase=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing16 ΘάλασσαconjmediumVerbless predicate coordinated with Θάλασσα; ἐστιν is understood.
20..PUNCT__3 ἐστινpuncthigh
Sentence 5

2.1.7 sentence 5

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τὰ δὲ ἔνδον ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἀνέθηκεν Ἡρώδης Ἀθηναῖος, ἵππους τέσσαρας ἐπιχρύσους πλὴν τῶν ὁπλῶν· ὁπλαὶ δέ σφισίν εἰσιν ἐλέφαντος.

The second clause is coordinated/paratactic: ὁπλαὶ σφισίν εἰσιν ἐλέφαντος, with σφισίν as a dative of possession or reference and ἐλέφαντος as a material genitive.

punct parataxis punct nmod cc obj nmod advmod punct nsubj det amod case cc case obl nsubj amod nummod det iobj root 1 τὰ ὁ / DET 2 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 3 ἔνδον ἔνδον / ADV 4 ἐφʼ ἐπί / ADP 5 ἡμῶν ἐγώ / PRON 6 ἀνέθηκεν ἀνατίθημι / VERB 7 Ἡρώδης Ἡρώδης / PROPN 8 Ἀθηναῖος Ἀθηναῖος / ADJ 9 , , / PUNCT 10 ἵππους ἵππος / NOUN 11 τέσσαρας τέσσαρες / NUM 12 ἐπιχρύσους ἐπίχρυσος / ADJ 13 πλὴν πλήν / ADP 14 τῶν ὁ / DET 15 ὁπλῶν ὅπλον / NOUN 16 · · / PUNCT 17 ὁπλαὶ ὁπλή / NOUN 18 δέ δέ / CCONJ 19 σφισίν σφεῖς / PRON 20 εἰσιν εἰμί / AUX 21 ἐλέφαντος ἐλέφας / NOUN 22 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1τὰDETT----NPA-Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur3 ἔνδονdethigh
2δὲδέCCONJC--------_6 ἀνέθηκενcchigh
3ἔνδονἔνδονADVD--------_6 ἀνέθηκενadvmodhighSubstantivized neuter plural locative expression, with τὰ.
4ἐφʼἐπίADPR--------_5 ἡμῶνcasehighElided form before ἡμῶν.
5ἡμῶνἐγώPRONP----G1-Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs6 ἀνέθηκενoblhigh
6ἀνέθηκενἀνατίθημιVERBV3SAAI---Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act0 ROOTrootmediumParsed as aorist active indicative; exact aspect coding may vary by scheme.
7ἩρώδηςἩρώδηςPROPNN--NSM---Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing6 ἀνέθηκενnsubjhigh
8ἈθηναῖοςἈθηναῖοςADJA--NSM---Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing7 ἩρώδηςamodhighEthnic adjective used appositionally with Ἡρώδης.
9,,PUNCT__6 ἀνέθηκενpuncthigh
10ἵππουςἵπποςNOUNN--APM---Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur6 ἀνέθηκενobjhigh
11τέσσαραςτέσσαρεςNUMM----APM-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur10 ἵππουςnummodhigh
12ἐπιχρύσουςἐπίχρυσοςADJA--APM---Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur10 ἵππουςamodhigh
13πλὴνπλήνADPR--------_15 ὁπλῶνcasehighPreposition governing the genitive phrase τῶν ὁπλῶν.
14τῶνDETT----GPN-Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur15 ὁπλῶνdethigh
15ὁπλῶνὅπλονNOUNN--GPN---Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur10 ἵππουςnmodhighGenitive exception phrase, ‘except for the hooves’.
16··PUNCT__6 ἀνέθηκενpuncthigh
17ὁπλαὶὁπλήNOUNN---NFP---Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur20 εἰσινnsubjhigh
18δέδέCCONJC--------_20 εἰσινcchigh
19σφισίνσφεῖςPRONP---D3P---Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs20 εἰσινiobjmediumDative of possession/reference with εἰσιν; antecedent is the horses.
20εἰσινεἰμίAUXV3PPIA---Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act6 ἀνέθηκενparataxishighSecond independent clause after the punctuation.
21ἐλέφαντοςἐλέφαςNOUNN--GSM---Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing17 ὁπλαὶnmodhighMaterial genitive, ‘of ivory’.
22..PUNCT__6 ἀνέθηκενpuncthigh
← 2.1.62.1.8 →