Grammar parses for passage 2.1.8
Open translation for this passage
καὶ Τρίτωνες δύο παρὰ τοὺς ἵππους εἰσὶ χρυσοῖ, τὰ μετʼ ἰξὺν ἐλέφαντος καὶ οὗτοι·
Two golden Tritons are beside the horses; τὰ μετʼ ἰξὺν ἐλέφαντος is an elliptical/correlative phrase, probably referring to the parts behind the ivory flank; οὗτοι is a resumptive subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 2 Τρίτωνες | cc | high | |
| 2 | Τρίτωνες | Τρίτων | PROPN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | Proper name used as a plural common-like subject. |
| 3 | δύο | δύο | NUM | NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 2 Τρίτωνες | nummod | high | |
| 4 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 ἵππους | case | high | |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | DAI-PMA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἵππους | det | high | |
| 6 | ἵππους | ἵππος | NOUN | N-AMP--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἰσὶ | obl | high | |
| 7 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V- PAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular verb. |
| 8 | χρυσοῖ | χρυσοῦς | ADJ | A-NPM--- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 Τρίτωνες | amod | high | Predicative adjective linked to the subject. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἰσὶ | punct | high | |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | DNP---N- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἰξὺν | det | medium | Substantivizing article; exact syntactic attachment is elliptical. |
| 11 | μετʼ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 ἰξὺν | case | high | Elided form of μετά. |
| 12 | ἰξὺν | ἰξύς | NOUN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 εἰσὶ | obl | medium | Phrase is elliptical and semantically difficult; construed as an additional locative/object-like phrase. |
| 13 | ἐλέφαντος | ἐλέφας | NOUN | N-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἰξὺν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἰξύν, likely ‘ivory flank’. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 15 οὗτοι | cc | high | |
| 15 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 7 εἰσὶ | conj | medium | Resumptive/deictic subject, coordinated after the elliptical phrase. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἰσὶ | punct | high |
τῷ δὲ ἅρματι Ἀμφιτρίτη καὶ Ποσειδῶν ἐφεστήκασι, καὶ παῖς ὀρθός ἐστιν ἐπὶ δελφῖνος ὁ Παλαίμων·
The dative phrase τῷ ἅρματι is a locative/associative frame for ἐφεστήκασι (‘stand by/on the chariot’); Ἀμφιτρίτη and Ποσειδῶν are coordinated subjects. In the second clause, ὁ Παλαίμων is appositional identification of παῖς, and ἐπὶ δελφῖνος is a locative phrase with genitive after ἐπί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἅρματι | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 ἐφεστήκασι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἅρματι | ἅρμα | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐφεστήκασι | obl | medium | Dative of location/association with ἐφεστήκασι. |
| 4 | Ἀμφιτρίτη | Ἀμφιτρίτη | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐφεστήκασι | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 Ποσειδῶν | cc | high | |
| 6 | Ποσειδῶν | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀμφιτρίτη | conj | high | |
| 7 | ἐφεστήκασι | ἐφίστημι | VERB | V-R3PNAI | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect form with present/stative force; parsed as ‘they stand.’ |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 ἐφεστήκασι | punct | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 ἐστιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 10 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ὀρθός | ὀρθός | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παῖς | amod | high | Predicative adjective agreeing with παῖς. |
| 12 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἐφεστήκασι | conj | high | |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 14 δελφῖνος | case | high | Takes genitive here. |
| 14 | δελφῖνος | δελφῖς | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστιν | obl | high | |
| 15 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Παλαίμων | det | high | |
| 16 | Παλαίμων | Παλαίμων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παῖς | appos | high | Appositional identification of παῖς. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 ἐφεστήκασι | punct | high |
ἐλέφαντος δὲ καὶ χρυσοῦ καὶ οὗτοι πεποίηνται.
The genitives ἐλέφαντος and χρυσοῦ are coordinated material/consist-of complements dependent on πεποίηνται; καί before οὗτοι coordinates the subject, with οὗτοι referring to previously mentioned objects. The perfect middle/passive form is parsed as a plural subject construction; exact voice interpretation is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐλέφαντος | ἐλέφας | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πεποίηνται | obl | high | Material genitive dependent on πεποίηνται. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 πεποίηνται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 χρυσοῦ | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive material complements. |
| 4 | χρυσοῦ | χρυσός | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 πεποίηνται | obl | high | Material genitive coordinated with ἐλέφαντος. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 οὗτοι | cc | high | Coordinates οὗτοι with the preceding discourse context. |
| 6 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | D-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πεποίηνται | nsubj:pass | medium | Demonstrative subject; antecedent is contextual and may be neuter in reference despite masculine form. |
| 7 | πεποίηνται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect middle/passive indicative, 3rd plural; interpreted here as ‘have been made’ with οὗτοι as subject. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 πεποίηνται | punct | high |
τῷ βάθρῳ δὲ ἐφʼ οὗ τὸ ἅρμα μέση μὲν ἐπείργασται Θάλασσα ἀνέχουσα Ἀφροδίτην παῖδα,
The clause is syntactically incomplete in isolation: τὸ ἅρμα is subject of ἐπείργασται, while Θάλασσα ἀνέχουσα Ἀφροδίτην παῖδα is a participial description of the depicted group; μέση is predicative/depicitive with personified Θάλασσα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Art.DAT.SG.NEU | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 βάθρῳ | det | high | |
| 2 | βάθρῳ | βάθρον | NOUN | N.DAT.SG.NEU | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπείργασται | obl | medium | Dative referring to the pedestal/base associated with the statue group. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 10 ἐπείργασται | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | _ | 5 οὗ | case | high | |
| 5 | οὗ | ὅς | PRON | Rel.GEN.SG.MAS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 2 βάθρῳ | acl:relcl | medium | Relative pronoun with ἐπί; antecedent is βάθρῳ, with locative/relational sense. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art.NOM.SG.NEU | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἅρμα | det | high | |
| 7 | ἅρμα | ἅρμα | NOUN | N.NOM.SG.NEU | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπείργασται | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | μέση | μέσος | ADJ | A.NOM.SG.FEM | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Θάλασσα | amod | medium | Predicative/depictive adjective with Θάλασσα; agrees in feminine singular. |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 10 ἐπείργασται | discourse | high | |
| 10 | ἐπείργασται | ἐπεργάζομαι | VERB | V.PERF.IND.MP.3SG | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect passive form; τὸ ἅρμα is the subject, and the construction continues beyond the supplied sentence. |
| 11 | Θάλασσα | θάλασσα | PROPN | Neut?NOM.SG.FEM | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀνέχουσα | nsubj | medium | Personified Sea, functioning as the subject of ἀνέχουσα. |
| 12 | ἀνέχουσα | ἀνέχω | VERB | V.PRS.PTCP.ACT.NOM.SG.FEM | Aspect=Imperfective|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἐπείργασται | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle, ‘holding/supporting’; its attachment may be analyzed as a secondary predication with Θάλασσα. |
| 13 | Ἀφροδίτην | Ἀφροδίτη | PROPN | N.ACC.SG.FEM | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀνέχουσα | obj | high | |
| 14 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N.ACC.SG.FEM | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀφροδίτην | appos | medium | Appositional accusative, ‘the child Aphrodite’. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπείργασται | punct | high |
ἑκατέρωθεν δέ εἰσιν αἱ Νηρηίδες καλούμεναι.
The locative adverb ἑκατέρωθεν modifies εἰσιν; αἱ Νηρηίδες καλούμεναι is the nominative subject with a periphrastic/passive participial naming predicate, ‘the Nereids called …’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἑκατέρωθεν | ἑκατέρωθεν | ADV | D- | PronType=Ind | 3 εἰσιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 3 εἰσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-----NFN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 Νηρηίδες | det | high | |
| 5 | Νηρηίδες | Νηρηίς | PROPN | Ne---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | καλούμεναι | καλέω | VERB | V-PMP-NFP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 3 εἰσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative nominative participle; exact constructional attachment is somewhat ambiguous. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 εἰσιν | punct | high |
ταύταις καὶ ἑτέρωθι τῆς Ἑλλάδος βωμοὺς οἶδα ὄντας, τοὺς δὲ καὶ τεμένη σφίσιν ἀναθέντας † ποιμαίνισιν , ἔνθα καὶ Ἀχιλλεῖ τιμαί·
The sentence has an accusative object βωμούς with participial complement ὄντας, followed by a coordinated/restarted accusative τούς with τεμένη and ἀναθέντας; ποιμαίνισιν is corrupt or otherwise uncertain. The final clause ἔνθα καὶ Ἀχιλλεῖ τιμαί is existential/elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύταις | οὗτος | DET | D-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 οἶδα | obl | high | |
| 2 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἑτέρωθι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἑτέρωθι | ἑτέρωθι | ADV | _ | _ | 7 οἶδα | advmod | medium | Locative adverb, likely ‘elsewhere’. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | _ | 5 Ἑλλάδος | case | high | |
| 5 | Ἑλλάδος | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 βωμοὺς | nmod | high | |
| 6 | βωμοὺς | βωμός | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 οἶδα | obj | high | |
| 7 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ὄντας | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 βωμοὺς | acl | high | Predicative participle with βωμούς. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 οἶδα | punct | high | |
| 10 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 οἶδα | obj | high | Substantivized article; resumes or coordinates a second accusative object. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 τοὺς | cc | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 τεμένη | cc | high | |
| 13 | τεμένη | τέμενος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 τοὺς | conj | high | Coordinated accusative noun under substantivized τούς. |
| 14 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-D3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 15 ἀναθέντας | iobj | high | Reflexive/third-person pronoun; recipient/beneficiary of ἀναθέντας. |
| 15 | ἀναθέντας | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-AAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 τοὺς | acl | medium | Likely participial modifier of the implied masculine antecedent of τούς; syntactic attachment is uncertain. |
| 16 | † | † | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ποιμαίνισιν | punct | low | Editorial dagger marking corrupt or suspect text. |
| 17 | ποιμαίνισιν | ποιμαίνω | X | _ | _ | 15 ἀναθέντας | dep | low | Form is textually/morphologically corrupt or uncertain; not securely analyzable as written. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 οἶδα | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | _ | _ | 22 τιμαί | advmod | high | Locative adverb introducing the final elliptical clause. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 τιμαί | advmod | high | Scalar/additive adverb, ‘also/even’. |
| 21 | Ἀχιλλεῖ | Ἀχιλλεύς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 τιμαί | iobj | high | |
| 22 | τιμαί | τιμή | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Elliptical existential clause; construed as ‘honors [are] for Achilles’. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 τιμαί | punct | high |
Δωτοῦς δὲ ἐν Γαβάλοις ἱερόν ἐστιν ἅγιον, ἔνθα πέπλος ἔτι ἐλείπετο, ὃν Ἕλληνες Ἐριφύλην λέγουσιν ἐπὶ τῷ παιδὶ λαβεῖν Ἀλκμαίωνι.
The clause beginning ἔνθα is attached to ἱερόν; the final infinitival construction with ἐπὶ τῷ παιδί and Ἀλκμαίωνι is syntactically and semantically somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δωτοῦς | Δωτός | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερόν | nmod | medium | Proper-name genitive; construed with ἱερόν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἱερόν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Γαβάλοις | case | high | |
| 4 | Γαβάλοις | Γάβαλα | PROPN | N--DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἱερόν | obl | medium | Locative dative place-name. |
| 5 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἅγιον | ἅγιος | ADJ | A--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερόν | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ἱερόν. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 ἐλείπετο | advmod | high | Relative adverb introducing the following clause. |
| 10 | πέπλος | πέπλος | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐλείπετο | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 ἐλείπετο | advmod | high | |
| 12 | ἐλείπετο | λείπω | VERB | V-IMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 6 ἐστιν | acl:relcl | medium | Imperfect middle/passive form; middle sense ‘remained’. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐλείπετο | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 λέγουσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of λέγουσιν; antecedent πέπλος. |
| 15 | Ἕλληνες | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 λέγουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | Ἐριφύλην | Ἐριφύλη | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 λαβεῖν | obj | medium | Name in reported tradition; object of λαβεῖν. |
| 17 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἐλείπετο | ccomp | high | |
| 18 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 παιδὶ | case | high | |
| 19 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L--DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 παιδὶ | det | high | |
| 20 | παιδὶ | παῖς | NOUN | N--DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 λαβεῖν | obl | medium | Dative governed by ἐπί; phrase has a potentially idiomatic/ambiguous sense. |
| 21 | λαβεῖν | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-2NA- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 λέγουσιν | xcomp | medium | Aorist infinitive complement of λέγουσιν; exact semantic construction is difficult. |
| 22 | Ἀλκμαίωνι | Ἀλκμαίων | PROPN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 λαβεῖν | iobj | medium | Dative proper name, likely recipient/associated participant of λαβεῖν. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high |