Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 2.10.1

← 2.9.8 2.10.2 →

Passage 2.10.1

Open translation for this passage

5sentences parsed

106Greek tokens

3,910input tokens

7,865output tokens

Sentence 1

2.10.1 sentence 1

Tokens: 16
Input: 725
Output: 1,216
Total: 1,941

ἐν δὲ τῷ γυμνασίῳ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ὄντι οὐ μακρὰν Ἡρακλῆς ἀνάκειται λίθου, Σκόπα ποίημα.

The final appositive phrase Σκόπα ποίημα is syntactically difficult; it likely identifies the statue as a work of Scopas.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R	_	4 γυμνασίῳ	case	high	Preposition governing τῷ γυμνασίῳ.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G	_	11 ἀνάκειται	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	τῷ	ὁ	DET	L-S---MD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	4 γυμνασίῳ	det	high	Article with γυμνασίῳ.
4	γυμνασίῳ	γυμνάσιον	NOUN	N-S---ND-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 ἀνάκειται	obl	high	Dative governed by ἐν.
5	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	6 ἀγορᾶς	det	high	Article with ἀγορᾶς.
6	ἀγορᾶς	ἀγορά	NOUN	N-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 γυμνασίῳ	nmod	high	Genitive dependent of γυμνασίῳ.
7	ὄντι	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAP-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	4 γυμνασίῳ	acl	medium	Participle agreeing with γυμνασίῳ; likely circumstantial/attributive.
8	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D	_	9 μακρὰν	advmod	high	Negator modifying μακρὰν.
9	μακρὰν	μακράν	ADV	D	_	11 ἀνάκειται	advmod	medium	Adverbial phrase with οὐ; could be treated as adverbial modifier.
10	Ἡρακλῆς	Ἡρακλῆς	PROPN	N-S---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἀνάκειται	nsubj	high	Subject of ἀνάκειται.
11	ἀνάκειται	ἀνάκειμαι	VERB	V-PII-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
12	λίθου	λίθος	NOUN	N-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἀνάκειται	obl	medium	Likely genitive of material/source with ἀνάκειται; syntax somewhat uncertain.
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἀνάκειται	punct	high	Comma.
14	Σκόπα	Σκόπας	PROPN	N-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 ποίημα	nmod	high	Genitive modifier of ποίημα.
15	ποίημα	ποίημα	NOUN	N-S---NN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 ἀνάκειται	xcomp	low	Appositional/nominative predicate-like supplement after comma; dependency is uncertain.
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἀνάκειται	punct	high	Sentence-final period.

Sentence 2

2.10.1 sentence 2

Tokens: 34
Input: 905
Output: 2,438
Total: 3,343

ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἑτέρωθι ἱερὸν Ἡρακλέους· τὸν μὲν πάντα ἐνταῦθα περίβολον Παιδιζὴν ὀνομάζουσιν, ἐν μέσῳ δέ ἐστι τῷ περιβόλῳ τὸ ἱερόν, ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ ξόανον ἀρχαῖον, τέχνη Φλιασίου Λαφάους.

The passage has several paratactic clauses with ellipsis of ἐστι in the final clause; the last nominative phrase is best taken as a compressed descriptive apposition.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἔστι	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main copular/existential predicate.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	PART	_	1 ἔστι	discourse	high	Postpositive discourse particle.
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	4 ἑτέρωθι	cc	high	Connects adverbial modifier with previous context.
4	ἑτέρωθι	ἑτέρωθι	ADV	ADV	_	1 ἔστι	advmod	high	Locative adverb modifying ἔστι.
5	ἱερὸν	ἱερόν	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 ἔστι	nsubj	high	Subject of existential/copular clause.
6	Ἡρακλέους	Ἡρακλῆς	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 ἱερὸν	nmod	high	Genitive modifier 'of Heracles'.
7	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἔστι	punct	high	Punctuation.
8	τὸν	ὁ	DET	L-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	12 περίβολον	det	high	Article with περίβολον.
9	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	12 περίβολον	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
10	πάντα	πᾶς	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 περίβολον	amod	medium	Likely accusative singular agreeing with περίβολον, though form is ambiguous.
11	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνταῦθα	ADV	ADV	_	14 ὀνομάζουσιν	advmod	high	Locative adverb modifying ὀνομάζουσιν.
12	περίβολον	περίβολος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ὀνομάζουσιν	obj	high	Direct object of ὀνομάζουσιν.
13	Παιδιζὴν	Παιδιζή	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ὀνομάζουσιν	xcomp	medium	Predicative/object complement in apposition to περίβολον; lexical form uncertain but accusative feminine is likely.
14	ὀνομάζουσιν	ὀνομάζω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	1 ἔστι	parataxis	high	Main verb of the second clause.
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 ὀνομάζουσιν	punct	high	Punctuation.
16	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R	_	17 μέσῳ	case	high	Preposition with μέσῳ.
17	μέσῳ	μέσος	ADJ	A-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ἐστι	obl	high	Adverbial oblique phrase with ἐν.
18	δέ	δέ	PART	PART	_	19 ἐστι	discourse	high	Postpositive discourse particle.
19	ἐστι	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	1 ἔστι	parataxis	high	Existential/copular verb in third clause.
20	τῷ	ὁ	DET	L-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	21 περιβόλῳ	det	high	Article with περιβόλῳ.
21	περιβόλῳ	περίβολος	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 μέσῳ	obl	high	Dative complement of ἐν.
22	τὸ	ὁ	DET	L-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	23 ἱερόν	det	high	Article with ἱερόν.
23	ἱερόν	ἱερόν	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 ἐστι	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐστι.
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἐστι	punct	high	Punctuation.
25	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R	_	27 αὐτῷ	case	high	Preposition with αὐτῷ.
26	δὲ	δέ	PART	PART	_	28 ξόανον	discourse	high	Postpositive discourse particle.
27	αὐτῷ	αὐτός	PRON	A-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	28 ξόανον	obl	high	Dative oblique with ἐν.
28	ξόανον	ξόανον	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 ἐστι	nsubj	high	Subject of implied/copular ἐστι from the previous clause; linked paratactically.
29	ἀρχαῖον	ἀρχαῖος	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 ξόανον	amod	high	Attributive adjective modifying ξόανον.
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	28 ξόανον	punct	high	Punctuation.
31	τέχνη	τέχνη	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 ξόανον	nmod	medium	Likely instrumental/attributive 'by the art of...'; syntax somewhat compressed.
32	Φλιασίου	Φλιάσιος	ADJ	A-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 τέχνη	amod	high	Genitive modifier of τέχνη.
33	Λαφάους	Λαφάης	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 τέχνη	nmod	medium	Proper name in genitive, dependent on τέχνη; exact lemma uncertain.
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἐστι	punct	high	Punctuation.

Sentence 3

2.10.1 sentence 3

Tokens: 8
Input: 634
Output: 644
Total: 1,278

ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ θυσίᾳ τοιάδε δρᾶν νομίζουσι.

The phrase ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ is a prepositional dative phrase modifying the verbal idea, and τοιάδε likely functions as the object/complement of the infinitive δρᾶν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	AdpType=Prep	4 θυσίᾳ	case	high	Preposition governing τῇ θυσίᾳ.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	G--------	_	7 νομίζουσι	discourse	high	Postpositive particle.
3	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L-s---fd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	4 θυσίᾳ	det	high	Article modifying θυσίᾳ.
4	θυσίᾳ	θυσία	NOUN	N-s---fd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 νομίζουσι	obl	high	Dative object of ἐπὶ.
5	τοιάδε	τοιόσδε	ADJ	A-p---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 δρᾶν	obj	medium	Neuter plural accusative modifying the infinitive; form and syntax are somewhat ambiguous but this is the most likely analysis.
6	δρᾶν	δράω	VERB	V--PAN---	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	7 νομίζουσι	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive dependent on νομίζουσι.
7	νομίζουσι	νομίζω	VERB	V3PPIA---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb.
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	7 νομίζουσι	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 4

2.10.1 sentence 4

Tokens: 26
Input: 854
Output: 1,914
Total: 2,768

Φαῖστον ἐν Σικυωνίᾳ λέγουσιν ἐλθόντα καταλαβεῖν Ἡρακλεῖ σφᾶς ὡς ἥρωι ἐναγίζοντας· οὔκουν ἠξίου δρᾶν οὐδὲν ὁ Φαῖστος τῶν αὐτῶν, ἀλλʼ ὡς θεῷ θύειν.

The sentence has two loosely coordinated reported clauses; the first contains an infinitival complement with participial modifiers, and the second contrasts what Φαῖστος was willing to do.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Φαῖστον	Φαῖστος	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 λέγουσιν	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive/complement clause with λέγουσιν.
2	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	_	3 Σικυωνίᾳ	case	high	Preposition.
3	Σικυωνίᾳ	Σικυωνία	NOUN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 ἐλθόντα	obl	high	Place expression with ἐν.
4	λέγουσιν	λέγω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
5	ἐλθόντα	ἔρχομαι	VERB	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	6 καταλαβεῖν	advcl	medium	Participial adjunct to καταλαβεῖν; accusative agreeing with Φαῖστον.
6	καταλαβεῖν	καταλαμβάνω	VERB	_	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	4 λέγουσιν	ccomp	high	Complement of λέγουσιν.
7	Ἡρακλεῖ	Ἡρακλῆς	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἐναγίζοντας	obl	medium	Dative with ἐναγίζοντας, understood beneficiary/deity.
8	σφᾶς	σφεῖς	PRON	_	Case=Acc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	11 ἐναγίζοντας	obj	high	Object of ἐναγίζοντας.
9	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	_	_	10 ἥρωι	mark	high	Introduces comparative role phrase.
10	ἥρωι	ἥρως	NOUN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἐναγίζοντας	xcomp	medium	Predicate nominal/complement in the participial phrase.
11	ἐναγίζοντας	ἐναγίζω	VERB	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	6 καταλαβεῖν	advcl	high	Participle governed by καταλαβεῖν, with acc. object σφᾶς.
12	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	4 λέγουσιν	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.
13	οὔκουν	οὔκουν	PART	_	_	14 ἠξίου	advmod	high	Discourse/particle modifying ἠξίου.
14	ἠξίου	ἀξιόω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Second main verb in parataxis; semicolon-like punctuation implies a new clause.
15	δρᾶν	δράω	VERB	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	14 ἠξίου	ccomp	high	Complement infinitive of ἠξίου.
16	οὐδὲν	οὐδείς	PRON	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Neg	15 δρᾶν	obj	high	Object of δρᾶν.
17	ὁ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	18 Φαῖστος	det	high	Article with proper name.
18	Φαῖστος	Φαῖστος	PROPN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ἠξίου	nsubj	high	Subject of ἠξίου.
19	τῶν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	20 αὐτῶν	det	high	Article with αὐτῶν.
20	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	ADJ	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 οὐδὲν	nmod	medium	Genitive of comparison/relationship with οὐδέν ('none of the same things').
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἠξίου	punct	high	Punctuation.
22	ἀλλʼ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	_	_	25 θύειν	cc	high	Adversative conjunction.
23	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	_	_	24 θεῷ	mark	high	Introduces comparative phrase.
24	θεῷ	θεός	NOUN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 θύειν	obl	high	Dative of manner/role with θύειν.
25	θύειν	θύω	VERB	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	14 ἠξίου	conj	high	Coordinated infinitive dependent on ἠξίου.
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἠξίου	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.

Sentence 6

2.10.1 sentence 6

Tokens: 22
Input: 792
Output: 1,653
Total: 2,445

τῆς ἑορτῆς δέ, ἣν ἄγουσι τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ, τὴν προτέραν τῶν ἡμερῶν †ὀνόματα ὀνομάζοντες Ἡράκλεια δὴ καλοῦσι τὴν ὑστέραν.

Syntax is somewhat disrupted by the transmitted crux at token 14 and by the participial phrase with ὀνομάζοντες, but the main structure is clear: καλοῦσι takes two accusative objects, with a participial modifier.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τῆς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	2 ἑορτῆς	det	high	Article modifying ἑορτῆς.
2	ἑορτῆς	ἑορτή	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 ὀνόματα	nmod	medium	Genitive dependent of ὀνόματα; phrase likely 'of the festival'.
3	δέ	δέ	PART	_	_	19 καλοῦσι	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	19 καλοῦσι	punct	high	Punctuation.
5	ἣν	ὅς	PRON	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	6 ἄγουσι	obj	high	Relative pronoun referring to ἑορτή.
6	ἄγουσι	ἄγω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	2 ἑορτῆς	acl:relcl	high	Relative clause modifying ἑορτῆς.
7	τῷ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	8 Ἡρακλεῖ	det	high	Article modifying Ἡρακλεῖ.
8	Ἡρακλεῖ	Ἡρακλῆς	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἄγουσι	obl	high	Dative beneficiary/recipient with ἄγω.
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	19 καλοῦσι	punct	high	Punctuation.
10	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	11 προτέραν	det	high	Article modifying προτέραν.
11	προτέραν	πρότερος	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 καλοῦσι	obj	medium	Likely object of καλοῦσι: 'the earlier [day]'.
12	τῶν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	13 ἡμερῶν	det	high	Article modifying ἡμερῶν.
13	ἡμερῶν	ἡμέρα	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	11 προτέραν	nmod	high	Genitive dependent of προτέραν.
14	†	†	PUNCT	_	_	15 ὀνόματα	punct	low	Editorial/crux marker treated as punctuation.
15	ὀνόματα	ὄνομα	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 ὀνομάζοντες	obj	medium	Likely object/complement with ὀνομάζοντες; text is corrupt/uncertain.
16	ὀνομάζοντες	ὀνομάζω	VERB	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	19 καλοῦσι	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle modifying the subject of καλοῦσι.
17	Ἡράκλεια	Ἡράκλεια	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 ὀνομάζοντες	obj	medium	Likely accusative plural of the festival name; syntactic role uncertain.
18	δὴ	δή	PART	_	_	19 καλοῦσι	discourse	high	Emphatic particle.
19	καλοῦσι	καλέω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
20	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	21 ὑστέραν	det	high	Article modifying ὑστέραν.
21	ὑστέραν	ὕστερος	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 καλοῦσι	obj	high	Second object of καλοῦσι, 'the later [day]'.
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	19 καλοῦσι	punct	high	Punctuation.

← 2.9.8 2.10.2 →