Grammar parses for passage 2.11.1
Open translation for this passage
ἔδει δὲ ἄρα χρόνῳ καὶ τοῦδε ἀφανισθῆναι τὴν μνήμην· κεραυνοῖς θεὸς αὐτὸν κατέκαυσε, βωμὸς δὲ ἐκεῖνος---οὐ γάρ τι ἐς αὐτὸν κατέσκηψε--- μένει καὶ ἐς τόδε οἷον Ἐπωπεὺς ἐποίησε.
The sentence is paratactic with a main clause μένει and an embedded explanatory clause κατέσκηψε; the sequence οὐ γάρ τι ἐς αὐτὸν is syntactically compressed and partly elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔδει | δεῖ | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 ἀφανισθῆναι | aux | high | Impersonal verb governing infinitive. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἔδει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄρα | ἄρα | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἔδει | discourse | medium | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | χρόνῳ | χρόνος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀφανισθῆναι | obl | high | Dative of time. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 τοῦδε | cc | high | Connects genitive demonstrative with χρόνῳ? likely adverbial coordination. |
| 6 | τοῦδε | ὅδε | DET | RDGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 χρόνῳ | conj | medium | Genitive dependent of χρόνῳ; phrase likely 'and in the time of this'. |
| 7 | ἀφανισθῆναι | ἀφανίζω | VERB | V-ANP | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 1 ἔδει | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of ἔδει. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 μνήμην | det | high | Article with μνήμην. |
| 9 | μνήμην | μνήμη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀφανισθῆναι | obj | high | Subject/accusative of infinitive. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔδει | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 11 | κεραυνοῖς | κεραυνός | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 κατέκαυσε | obl | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 12 | θεὸς | θεός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 κατέκαυσε | nsubj | high | Subject of κατέκαυσε. |
| 13 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | RP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 κατέκαυσε | obj | high | Direct object. |
| 14 | κατέκαυσε | κατακαίω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 κατέκαυσε | punct | high | Comma. |
| 16 | βωμὸς | βωμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 μένει | nsubj | high | Subject of μένει. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 31 μένει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 18 | ἐκεῖνος | ἐκεῖνος | DET | RD-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 16 βωμὸς | det | medium | Demonstrative modifying βωμός. |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 μένει | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 μένει | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 μένει | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 22 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | _ | 27 κατέσκηψε | advmod | high | Negation of subordinate clause. |
| 23 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | PART | _ | 27 κατέσκηψε | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 24 | τι | τις | PRON | RI-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 27 κατέσκηψε | nsubj | low | Likely enclitic indefinite pronoun used adverbially/subject-like in ellipsis. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 αὐτὸν | case | high | Preposition with αὐτόν. |
| 26 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | RP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 27 κατέσκηψε | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 27 | κατέσκηψε | κατασκῆπτω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 31 μένει | advcl | medium | Subordinate/parenthetical clause; exact relation uncertain. |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 κατέσκηψε | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 κατέσκηψε | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 κατέσκηψε | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 31 | μένει | μένω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 37 ἐποίησε | cc | high | Coordinates infinitive-like/prepositional phrase? links final clause members. |
| 33 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 34 τόδε | case | high | Preposition. |
| 34 | τόδε | ὅδε | DET | RD-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 31 μένει | obl | high | Goal/direction phrase with μένει. |
| 35 | οἷον | οἷος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 ἐποίησε | obj | low | Likely predicative/object-like with ἐποίησε; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 36 | Ἐπωπεὺς | Ἐπωπεύς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 ἐποίησε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποίησε. |
| 37 | ἐποίησε | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 31 μένει | parataxis | high | Final paratactic clause modifying μένει. |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 μένει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
πρὸ τοῦ βωμοῦ δὲ αὐτῷ μνῆμα Ἐπωπεῖ κέχωσται, καὶ τοῦ τάφου πλησίον εἰσὶν Ἀποτρόπαιοι θεοί· παρὰ τούτοις δρῶσιν ὅσα Ἕλληνες ἐς ἀποτροπὴν κακῶν νομίζουσιν.
The main syntactic difficulty is the sequence with πλησίον εἰσίν and the final ὅσα-clause, where νομίζουσιν functions as a subordinate complement of δρῶσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 3 βωμοῦ | case | high | Takes genitive. |
| 2 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 βωμοῦ | det | high | Article modifying βωμοῦ. |
| 3 | βωμοῦ | βωμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 κέχωσται | obl | high | Genitive object of πρὸ. |
| 4 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 κέχωσται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 5 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 κέχωσται | iobj | medium | Likely dative of reference/possession with κέχωσται. |
| 6 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 κέχωσται | nsubj | high | Subject of κέχωσται. |
| 7 | Ἐπωπεῖ | Ἐπωπεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Sing | 6 μνῆμα | nmod | high | Dative indicating association/dedication. |
| 8 | κέχωσται | χόω | VERB | _ | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Periphrastic/resultative sense: 'has been heaped up/buried'. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κέχωσται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 εἰσὶν | cc | high | Coordinates with previous clause. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 τάφου | det | high | Article modifying τάφου. |
| 12 | τάφου | τάφος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πλησίον | nmod | high | Genitive with πλησίον. |
| 13 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | _ | _ | 14 εἰσὶν | advmod | medium | Adverbial postposition meaning 'nearby'. |
| 14 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 κέχωσται | conj | high | Second coordinate predicate. |
| 15 | Ἀποτρόπαιοι | ἀποτρόπαιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 θεοί | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying θεοί. |
| 16 | θεοί | θεός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσὶν. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κέχωσται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 20 δρῶσιν | case | high | Takes dative here. |
| 19 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 20 δρῶσιν | obl | high | Object of παρὰ. |
| 20 | δρῶσιν | δράω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 εἰσὶν | conj | high | Coordinate finite verb. |
| 21 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 26 νομίζουσιν | obj | high | Relative object of νομίζουσιν. |
| 22 | Ἕλληνες | Ἕλλην | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 νομίζουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of νομίζουσιν. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 24 ἀποτροπὴν | case | high | Takes accusative. |
| 24 | ἀποτροπὴν | ἀποτροπή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 νομίζουσιν | obl | high | Purpose/result complement with ἐς. |
| 25 | κακῶν | κακός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ἀποτροπὴν | nmod | high | Genitive modifying ἀποτροπὴν. |
| 26 | νομίζουσιν | νομίζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 δρῶσιν | ccomp | high | Content clause complement of δρῶσιν. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κέχωσται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
βωμοὺς δὲ ὄπισθεν τοῦ Ἡραίου τὸν μὲν Πανὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν, Ἡλίῳ δὲ λίθου λευκοῦ.
The clause is straightforward overall, but the genitive phrase ὄπισθεν τοῦ Ἡραίου is somewhat compressed; Ἡραίου is treated as the genitive complement of ὄπισθεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | βωμοὺς | βωμός | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ᾠκοδόμησεν | obj | high | Direct object of ᾠκοδόμησεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 9 ᾠκοδόμησεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ὄπισθεν | ὄπισθεν | ADP | ADV | _ | 9 ᾠκοδόμησεν | advmod | medium | Adverbial preposition-like use, governing genitive phrase. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἡραίου | det | high | Article with Ἡραίου. |
| 5 | Ἡραίου | Ἡραῖον | NOUN | N-SNG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ὄπισθεν | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ὄπισθεν; treated as noun 'sanctuary of Hera'. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Πανὶ | det | high | Article with Πανί. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 8 Πανὶ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 8 | Πανὶ | Πάν | PROPN | N-SMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ᾠκοδόμησεν | iobj | high | Dative recipient/destination of the building action. |
| 9 | ᾠκοδόμησεν | οἰκοδομέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb; root of the sentence. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ᾠκοδόμησεν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 11 | Ἡλίῳ | Ἥλιος | PROPN | N-SMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ᾠκοδόμησεν | iobj | high | Second dative recipient parallel to Πανί. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 11 Ἡλίῳ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 13 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Ἡλίῳ | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier; likely material relation 'of white stone'. |
| 14 | λευκοῦ | λευκός | ADJ | A-SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 λίθου | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying λίθου. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ᾠκοδόμησεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |