Grammar parses for passage 2.11.3
Open translation for this passage
ἐκ Σικυῶνος δὲ τὴν κατʼ εὐθὺ ἐς Φλιοῦντα ἐρχομένοις καὶ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ δέκα μάλιστα ἐκτραπεῖσι στάδια, Πυραία καλούμενόν ἐστιν ἄλσος, ἱερὸν δὲ ἐν αὐτῷ Προστασίας Δήμητρος καὶ Κόρης.
The sentence has an existential/copular clause with a dative circumstantial travel frame; Πυραία is the subject, ἄλσος the predicate nominal, and the second predicate is elliptical (ἱερὸν ...).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 2 Σικυῶνος | case | high | |
| 2 | Σικυῶνος | Σικυών | PROPN | N--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐρχομένοις | obl | high | Point of departure. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 εὐθὺ | det | high | |
| 5 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 6 εὐθὺ | case | high | With following εὐθύ. |
| 6 | εὐθὺ | εὐθύς | ADV | ADV | _ | 9 ἐρχομένοις | obl | medium | Adverbial expression, with τὴν κατʼ εὐθύ understood as the direct road/course. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 8 Φλιοῦντα | case | high | |
| 8 | Φλιοῦντα | Φλιοῦς | PROPN | N--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐρχομένοις | obl | high | Destination. |
| 9 | ἐρχομένοις | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-PMP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 22 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Dative circumstantial participle. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἐκτραπεῖσι | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | Case=Dat | 12 ἀριστερᾷ | case | high | |
| 12 | ἀριστερᾷ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | A--DSF-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐκτραπεῖσι | obl | high | Substantivized: on the left. |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T--GSF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ὁδοῦ | det | high | |
| 14 | ὁδοῦ | ὁδός | NOUN | N--GSF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀριστερᾷ | nmod | high | |
| 15 | δέκα | δέκα | NUM | A--NPN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 στάδια | nummod | medium | Accusative measure phrase. |
| 16 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV | Degree=Sup | 15 δέκα | advmod | high | Approximately, literally 'most'. |
| 17 | ἐκτραπεῖσι | ἐκτρέπω | VERB | V-APP-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 22 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Dative circumstantial participle; coordinated with ἐρχομένοις. |
| 18 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | N--APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἐκτραπεῖσι | obl | high | Measure of deviation. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 20 | Πυραία | Πυραία | PROPN | N--NSF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Place-name subject. |
| 21 | καλούμενόν | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 23 ἄλσος | acl | medium | Form is neuter accusative, likely agreeing with an implicit/elliptic designation or textual variant; syntactically a naming participle. |
| 22 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular predicate. |
| 23 | ἄλσος | ἄλσος | NOUN | N--NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominal: 'is a grove'. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 25 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | A--NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐστιν | conj | high | Elliptical predicate: 'it is sacred'. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 ἱερὸν | cc | high | |
| 27 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | Case=Dat | 28 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 28 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 25 ἱερὸν | obl | high | Refers to the grove; masculine/neuter syncretism in form. |
| 29 | Προστασίας | Προστασία | PROPN | N--GSF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Divine name in genitive. |
| 30 | Δήμητρος | Δήμητρα | PROPN | N--GSF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 Προστασίας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Προστασίας. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 Κόρης | cc | high | |
| 32 | Κόρης | Κόρη | PROPN | N--GSF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 Προστασίας | conj | high | Coordinated genitive divine name. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθα ἐφʼ αὑτῶν οἱ ἄνδρες ἑορτὴν ἄγουσι, τὸν δὲ Νυμφῶνα καλούμενον ταῖς γυναιξὶν ἑορτάζειν παρείκασι·
The men hold a festival among themselves; they allow the so-called Nymphaion to be celebrated by the women. The final finite verb is parsed as παρείκασι, 3rd plural present active of παρείκω, with an infinitival complement; the exact lexical nuance is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-D | PronType=Dem | 7 ἄγουσι | advmod | high | |
| 2 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 3 αὑτῶν | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 3 | αὑτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-GM3P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 7 ἄγουσι | obl | high | Reflexive genitive with ἐπί, ‘among themselves’. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἄνδρες | det | high | |
| 5 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἄγουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἑορτὴν | ἑορτή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἄγουσι | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἄγουσι | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First finite clause. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἄγουσι | punct | high | |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Νυμφῶνα | det | high | |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 παρείκασι | cc | high | |
| 11 | Νυμφῶνα | Νυμφών | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 καλούμενον | obj | high | Proper name, object of καλούμενον in the participial naming construction. |
| 12 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 15 ἑορτάζειν | acl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with τὸν Νυμφῶνα; ‘called’. |
| 13 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 γυναιξὶν | det | high | |
| 14 | γυναιξὶν | γυνή | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἑορτάζειν | obl:agent | medium | Dative agent/actor with the passive sense of ἑορτάζειν. |
| 15 | ἑορτάζειν | ἑορτάζω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 παρείκασι | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of παρείκασι; subject is the accusative phrase τὸν Νυμφῶνα καλούμενον. |
| 16 | παρείκασι | παρείκω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἄγουσι | conj | low | Form and precise lexical sense are uncertain; parsed as 3rd-plural present active, ‘allow/permit’. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἄγουσι | punct | high |
καὶ ἀγάλματα Διονύσου καὶ Δήμητρος καὶ Κόρης τὰ πρόσωπα φαίνοντα ἐν τῷ Νυμφῶνί ἐστιν.
Existential εἰσιν/ἐστιν construction: ἀγάλματα is the nominative subject, with the locative phrase ἐν τῷ Νυμφῶνι; φαίνοντα is an attributive participle, while πρόσωπα is treated as its accusative object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 2 ἀγάλματα | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἀγάλματα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N---NA-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | Διονύσου | Διόνυσος | PROPN | NE---GM-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ἀγάλματα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀγάλματα. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Δήμητρος | cc | high | |
| 5 | Δήμητρος | Δήμητρα | PROPN | NE---GF-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 ἀγάλματα | conj | high | Conjoined genitive dependent on ἀγάλματα. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 Κόρης | cc | high | |
| 7 | Κόρης | Κόρη | PROPN | NE---GF-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 ἀγάλματα | conj | high | Conjoined genitive dependent on ἀγάλματα. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T---NA-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 πρόσωπα | det | high | |
| 9 | πρόσωπα | πρόσωπον | NOUN | N---NA-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 φαίνοντα | obj | medium | Accusative object of φαίνοντα; syntactic attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 10 | φαίνοντα | φαίνω | VERB | V-PP-NA-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 2 ἀγάλματα | acl | medium | Present active participle agreeing with ἀγάλματα; πρόσωπα is its accusative object. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 Νυμφῶνί | case | high | |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T---MD-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Νυμφῶνί | det | high | |
| 13 | Νυμφῶνί | Νυμφών | NOUN | N---MD-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστιν | obl | high | Object of the preposition ἐν. |
| 14 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἡ δὲ ἐς Τιτάνην ὁδὸς σταδίων μέν ἐστιν ἑξήκοντα καὶ ζεύγεσιν ἄβατος διὰ στενότητα·
The predicate ἐστιν has subject ὁδός; σταδίων ἑξήκοντα gives the distance, while ζεύγεσιν is instrumental/dative with ἄβατος. The final διὰ στενότητα is causal.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | S---NF-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὁδὸς | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ὁδὸς | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Τιτάνην | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | Τιτάνην | Τιτάνη | PROPN | Nea-AF-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὁδὸς | nmod | high | Destination modifier of ὁδός. |
| 5 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | N--NF-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | σταδίων | στάδιον | NOUN | N--NG-P-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἑξήκοντα | nmod | medium | Genitive of measure with ἑξήκοντα. |
| 7 | μέν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 8 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; no following δέ in the sentence. |
| 8 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἑξήκοντα | ἑξήκοντα | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 8 ἐστιν | nummod | high | Predicative measure numeral. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ζεύγεσιν | cc | high | |
| 11 | ζεύγεσιν | ζεῦγος | NOUN | N--ND-P-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἄβατος | obl | medium | Dative/instrumental with ἄβατος, ‘impassable for teams/vehicles’. |
| 12 | ἄβατος | ἄβατος | ADJ | A--NF-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective coordinated conceptually with the distance predicate. |
| 13 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 στενότητα | case | high | With accusative, causal. |
| 14 | στενότητα | στενότης | NOUN | N--AF-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἄβατος | obl | medium | Causal phrase; attachment to ἄβατος is preferred. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστιν | punct | high |