Grammar parses for passage 2.11.6
Open translation for this passage
περιοικοῦσι μὲν δὴ καὶ ἄλλοι καὶ τὸ πολὺ οἰκέται τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ κυπαρίσσων ἐστὶν ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου δένδρα ἀρχαῖα·
Two coordinated clauses: περιοικοῦσι has coordinated subjects ἄλλοι and οἰκέται; κυπαρίσσων is a genitive of material/partitive association with δένδρα, while ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου is a locative predicate adjunct.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | περιοικοῦσι | περιοικέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 1 περιοικοῦσι | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered loosely by καί. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 1 περιοικοῦσι | discourse | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἄλλοι | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 περιοικοῦσι | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 οἰκέται | cc | high | Coordinates the second subject phrase with the first. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 πολὺ | det | high | Article substantivizing the adverbial/quantitative phrase τὸ πολὺ. |
| 8 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 οἰκέται | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative/quantifier meaning ‘for the most part’. |
| 9 | οἰκέται | οἰκέτης | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἄλλοι | conj | high | Coordinated subject; τὸ πολὺ modifies this constituent. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 11 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 οἰκέται | nmod | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 περιοικοῦσι | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἐστὶν | cc | high | Coordinates the following existential/presentational clause. |
| 14 | κυπαρίσσων | κυπάρισσος | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 δένδρα | nmod | medium | Genitive plural, likely denoting the kind/material of the trees: ‘cypress trees’. |
| 15 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 δένδρα | cop | high | Existential/presentational copula with δένδρα as subject. |
| 16 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 περιβόλου | case | high | |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 περιβόλου | det | high | |
| 18 | περιβόλου | περίβολος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 δένδρα | obl | high | Object of ἐντός; the PP modifies the locative/existential clause. |
| 19 | δένδρα | δένδρον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 περιοικοῦσι | nsubj | high | Subject of the coordinated existential clause; plural neuter with singular copula is ordinary Greek usage. |
| 20 | ἀρχαῖα | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 δένδρα | amod | high | |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 περιοικοῦσι | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα οὔτε ὁποίου ξύλου γέγονεν ἢ μετάλλου μαθεῖν ἔστιν οὔτε τὸν ποιήσαντα ἴσασι, πλὴν εἰ μή τις ἄρα ἐς αὐτὸν τὸν Ἀλεξάνορα ἀναφέροι.
Two coordinated infinitival knowledge predicates are impersonal: μαθεῖν ἔστιν governs the οὔτε...οὔτε phrase, while ἴσασι governs τὸν ποιήσαντα; the final εἰ-clause is an elliptical potential exception, with ἀναφέροι likely optative of potential reference to Alexanor.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἄγαλμα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 3 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of impersonal ἔστιν; semantic subject of γέγονεν as well. |
| 4 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 10 μαθεῖν | cc | high | Coordinates the first material interrogative phrase with the second οὔτε phrase. |
| 5 | ὁποίου | ὁποῖος | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ξύλου | amod | high | Predicative/interrogative quality adjective modifying ξύλου. |
| 6 | ξύλου | ξύλον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 γέγονεν | obl | medium | Genitive material complement with γέγονεν. |
| 7 | γέγονεν | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 10 μαθεῖν | ccomp | medium | Perfect of γίγνομαι, coordinated with μετάλλου; functions as the content of the material question. |
| 8 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 9 μετάλλου | cc | high | Coordinates μετάλλου with ξύλου. |
| 9 | μετάλλου | μέταλλον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 γέγονεν | conj | high | Alternative genitive material complement. |
| 10 | μαθεῖν | μανθάνω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ἔστιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of impersonal ἔστιν. |
| 11 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 ἴσασι | conj | high | Impersonal predicate in coordinated οὔτε...οὔτε construction; first clause is οὔτε μαθεῖν ἔστιν. |
| 12 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 15 ἴσασι | cc | high | Coordinates the second negative knowledge clause. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ποιήσαντα | det | high | |
| 14 | ποιήσαντα | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἴσασι | obj | high | Substantivized accusative aorist participle, object of ἴσασι. |
| 15 | ἴσασι | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect-form verb with present meaning, ‘they know’. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἴσασι | punct | high | |
| 17 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 18 εἰ | case | medium | Preposition/concessive exception marker governing the εἰ-clause. |
| 18 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 26 ἀναφέροι | mark | high | Introduces conditional/exception clause. |
| 19 | μή | μή | PART | D--------- | _ | 26 ἀναφέροι | advmod | high | Negates the potential clause. |
| 20 | τις | τις | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 26 ἀναφέροι | nsubj | high | Indefinite subject of ἀναφέροι. |
| 21 | ἄρα | ἄρα | PART | D--------- | _ | 26 ἀναφέροι | advmod | medium | Inferential/epistemic particle. |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 23 αὐτὸν | case | high | |
| 23 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 26 ἀναφέροι | obl | high | Object of ἐς in the sense ‘to/toward him’. |
| 24 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 Ἀλεξάνορα | det | high | |
| 25 | Ἀλεξάνορα | Ἀλεξάνωρ | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 αὐτὸν | appos | high | Apposition to αὐτόν. |
| 26 | ἀναφέροι | ἀναφέρω | VERB | V-PAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 ἴσασι | advcl | medium | Potential optative; subject τις, with elliptical reference to a person who might attribute it to Alexanor. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἴσασι | punct | high |
φαίνεται δὲ τοῦ ἀγάλματος πρόσωπον μόνον καὶ ἄκραι χεῖρες καὶ πόδες· χιτὼν γάρ οἱ λευκὸς ἐρεοῦς καὶ ἱμάτιον ἐπιβέβληται.
The first clause has a nominative coordination with φαίνεται; τοῦ ἀγάλματος is a genitive of the part-whole relation. In the second clause χιτών and ἱμάτιον are coordinated nominative subjects of ἐπιβέβληται; οἱ is the dative possessor/reference pronoun. The form ἐρεοῦς is morphologically ambiguous in this context and is treated as a genitive singular modifier of χιτών, probably ‘of wool’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φαίνεται | φαίνομαι | VERB | V-PI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 φαίνεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GS-M | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀγάλματος | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀγάλματος | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-GS-N | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 πρόσωπον | nmod | high | Genitive of the whole/possessor. |
| 5 | πρόσωπον | πρόσωπον | NOUN | N-NS-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 φαίνεται | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | μόνον | μόνος | ADJ | A-NS-N | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 πρόσωπον | amod | high | Agrees with πρόσωπον. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 5 πρόσωπον | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἄκραι | ἄκρος | ADJ | A-NP-F | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 χεῖρες | amod | high | |
| 9 | χεῖρες | χείρ | NOUN | N-NP-F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 φαίνεται | conj | high | Coordinated nominative subject. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 9 χεῖρες | cc | high | |
| 11 | πόδες | πούς | NOUN | N-NP-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 χεῖρες | conj | high | Coordinated with χεῖρες. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 φαίνεται | punct | high | |
| 13 | χιτὼν | χιτών | NOUN | N-NS-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπιβέβληται | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | γάρ | γάρ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 20 ἐπιβέβληται | discourse | medium | Postpositive explanatory particle; UD relation is approximated. |
| 15 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | RP-D3S | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 20 ἐπιβέβληται | iobj | high | Dative of reference/possession. |
| 16 | λευκὸς | λευκός | ADJ | A-NS-M | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 χιτὼν | amod | high | |
| 17 | ἐρεοῦς | ἔριον | NOUN | N-GS-N | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 χιτὼν | nmod | low | Form is difficult/possibly textual variant; interpreted as a genitive material modifier, ‘of wool’. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 13 χιτὼν | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἱμάτιον | ἱμάτιον | NOUN | N-NS-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπιβέβληται | conj | high | Coordinated nominative subject with χιτών. |
| 20 | ἐπιβέβληται | ἐπιβάλλω | VERB | V-RI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 1 φαίνεται | parataxis | high | Perfect middle/passive, ‘has been thrown/put on’. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 20 ἐπιβέβληται | punct | high |
καὶ Ὑγείας δʼ ἔστι κατὰ ταὐτὸν ἄγαλμα·
ἔστι is existential/presentive (‘there is’), with ἄγαλμα as its subject; κατὰ ταὐτὸν is an adverbial phrase meaning ‘in the same place/way’. Ὑγείας is a genitive dependent on the understood or contextually supplied referent of the statue (low-confidence attachment).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἔστι | cc | high | |
| 2 | Ὑγείας | Ὑγίεια | PROPN | N--G--S-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἄγαλμα | nmod | medium | Proper-name interpretation; could be a common-noun divine name. |
| 3 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἔστι | cc | high | Elided form of δέ. |
| 4 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 6 ταὐτὸν | case | high | |
| 6 | ταὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | A--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἔστι | obl | medium | Crasis of τὸ αὐτόν; substantival/adverbial accusative with κατά. |
| 7 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--N--S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἔστι | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔστι | punct | high |
οὐκ ἂν οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἴδοις ῥᾳδίως, οὕτω περιέχουσιν αὐτὸ κόμαι τε γυναικῶν αἳ κείρονται τῇ θεῷ καὶ ἐσθῆτος Βαβυλωνίας τελαμῶνες.
Potentially elliptical construction: ἴδοις is the optative in a potential clause with ἄν; περιέχουσιν is present active indicative, with κόμαι and τελαμῶνες coordinated subjects and αὐτό as object. The relative clause modifies γυναικῶν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 ἴδοις | advmod | high | |
| 2 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | PART | _ | 5 ἴδοις | aux | high | Potential particle. |
| 3 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 τοῦτο | cc | high | Adverbial coordinating particle meaning 'not even'. |
| 4 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ἴδοις | obj | high | |
| 5 | ἴδοις | ὁράω | VERB | VAO-2S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Potential optative with ἄν. |
| 6 | ῥᾳδίως | ῥᾳδίως | ADV | D-ADV | _ | 5 ἴδοις | advmod | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἴδοις | punct | high | |
| 8 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-ADV | _ | 9 περιέχουσιν | advmod | high | Degree/manner adverb introducing the explanatory predicate. |
| 9 | περιέχουσιν | περιέχω | VERB | VPAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἴδοις | advcl | medium | Coordinated/explanatory finite clause after the potential statement. |
| 10 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 9 περιέχουσιν | obj | high | Refers to the goddess/object previously understood. |
| 11 | κόμαι | κόμη | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 περιέχουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 κόμαι | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 13 | γυναικῶν | γυνή | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 κόμαι | nmod | high | |
| 14 | αἳ | ὅς | PRON | R-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 15 κείρονται | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun; antecedent is γυναικῶν by semantic agreement. |
| 15 | κείρονται | κείρω | VERB | VPPM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 13 γυναικῶν | acl:relcl | high | Middle voice: have their hair cut/shaved for the goddess. |
| 16 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 θεῷ | det | high | |
| 17 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 κείρονται | obl | high | Dative of dedication/benefit. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 τελαμῶνες | cc | high | Coordinates τελαμῶνες with κόμαι. |
| 19 | ἐσθῆτος | ἐσθής | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 τελαμῶνες | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τελαμῶνες. |
| 20 | Βαβυλωνίας | Βαβυλώνιος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἐσθῆτος | amod | high | Agrees with ἐσθῆτος. |
| 21 | τελαμῶνες | τελαμών | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 περιέχουσιν | conj | medium | Second coordinated subject; semantic relation is 'straps/bands of Babylonian clothing'. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἴδοις | punct | high |