Grammar parses for passage 2.12.3
Open translation for this passage
καὶ Τιτάνης μὲν τεσσαράκοντα σταδίους ἀπέχει μάλιστα ἡ πόλις, ἐκ Σικυῶνος δὲ ἐς αὐτὴν ὁδός ἐστιν εὐθεῖα.
Two coordinated clauses with μὲν ... δὲ; πρώτη clause has πόλις as subject of ἀπέχει, δεύτερη has ὁδός as subject of ἐστιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέχει | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking clauses. |
| 2 | Τιτάνης | Τιτάνη | PROPN | N-SF---G | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπέχει | obl | high | Genitive of source/measure with ἀπέχει. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέχει | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 4 | τεσσαράκοντα | τεσσαράκοντα | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 5 σταδίους | nummod | high | Numeral modifying σταδίους. |
| 5 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἀπέχει | obj | high | Accusative of extent of space. |
| 6 | ἀπέχει | ἀπέχω | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 7 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέχει | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀπέχει. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 πόλις | det | high | Definite article. |
| 9 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπέχει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέχει. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέχει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 12 Σικυῶνος | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 12 | Σικυῶνος | Σικυών | PROPN | N-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστιν | obl | high | Prepositional oblique dependent of ἐστιν. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 17 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 15 αὐτὴν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 15 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 ἐστιν | obl | high | Prepositional oblique, complement of ὁδός/ἐστιν clause. |
| 16 | ὁδός | ὁδός | NOUN | N-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 17 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular main verb of second clause. |
| 18 | εὐθεῖα | εὐθύς | ADJ | A-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ὁδός | amod | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with ὁδός. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ ὅτι μὲν Ἀρκάσι Φλιάσιοι προσήκουσιν οὐδέν, δηλοῖ τὰ ἐς τὸν Ἀρκάδων κατάλογον τῆς Ὁμήρου ποιήσεως, ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν Ἀρκάσι καὶ οὗτοι συγκατειλεγμένοι·
Two ὅτι-clauses depend on δηλοῖ; the first reports what the Phliasians belong/do not belong to, and the second explains the documentary evidence. The NP τὰ ἐς τὸν Ἀρκάδων κατάλογον τῆς Ὁμήρου ποιήσεως is somewhat compressed, with τὰ likely functioning substantively.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 δηλοῖ | cc | high | coordinating connective |
| 2 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 6 προσήκουσιν | mark | high | introduces content clause |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 2 ὅτι | discourse | medium | correlative particle |
| 4 | Ἀρκάσι | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N----d-p- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 προσήκουσιν | iobj | high | dative plural of ethnic noun |
| 5 | Φλιάσιοι | Φλιάσιος | PROPN | A----n-p- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 προσήκουσιν | nsubj | high | subject of προσήκουσιν |
| 6 | προσήκουσιν | προσήκω | VERB | V3PPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 δηλοῖ | ccomp | high | verb of first ὅτι-clause |
| 7 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | A----a-s- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 δηλοῖ | obj | high | object of δηλοῖ |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 δηλοῖ | punct | high | punctuation |
| 9 | δηλοῖ | δηλόω | VERB | V3SPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | main verb |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L- —? | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 κατάλογον | det | low | article with implied/modified noun phrase; form is accusative neuter plural |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 14 κατάλογον | case | high | governs accusative |
| 12 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-----ms- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 κατάλογον | det | high | article with κατάλογον |
| 13 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N----g-p- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 κατάλογον | nmod | high | genitive modifier of κατάλογον |
| 14 | κατάλογον | κατάλογος | NOUN | N---a-s-m | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 τὰ | nmod | high | object of ἐς |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-----fs- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ποιήσεως | det | high | article with ποιήσεως |
| 16 | Ὁμήρου | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N----g-s- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ποιήσεως | nmod | high | genitive of possession |
| 17 | ποιήσεως | ποίησις | NOUN | N---g-s-f | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 κατάλογον | nmod | high | genitive dependent of κατάλογον |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 δηλοῖ | punct | high | punctuation |
| 19 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 9 δηλοῖ | ccomp | high | introduces explanatory clause |
| 20 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 21 εἰσὶν | advmod | high | negation |
| 21 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 25 συγκατειλεγμένοι | cop | high | copular auxiliary |
| 22 | Ἀρκάσι | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N----d-p- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 συγκατειλεγμένοι | obl | high | dative complement |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 οὗτοι | cc | high | connects subject with preceding constituent |
| 24 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | A-----mp- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 25 συγκατειλεγμένοι | nsubj | high | demonstrative subject |
| 25 | συγκατειλεγμένοι | συγκαταλέγω | VERB | V-RPPPNPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 19 ὅτι | ccomp | high | predicate participle in explanatory clause |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 δηλοῖ | punct | high | punctuation |
ὡς δὲ Ἀργεῖοί τε ἦσαν ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ὕστερον Δωριεῖς γεγόνασιν Ἡρακλειδῶν κατελθόντων ἐς Πελοπόννησον, φανεῖται προϊόντι ὁμοῦ τῷ λόγῳ.
The clause beginning with ὡς is subordinate to φανεῖται; Ἡρακλειδῶν κατελθόντων is best analyzed as a genitive absolute modifying the historical background, and προϊόντι ὁμοῦ τῷ λόγῳ is somewhat elliptical/idiomatic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Cs | _ | 5 ἦσαν | mark | high | Introduces temporal/clausal comparison. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 5 ἦσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀργεῖοί | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Predicate with copula. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 3 Ἀργεῖοί | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 5 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 17 φανεῖται | advcl | high | Copular verb in subordinate clause. |
| 6 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | _ | 7 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition governing ἀρχῆς. |
| 7 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἦσαν | obl | high | Adverbial genitive with ἐξ. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 11 γεγόνασιν | cc | high | Coordinates clauses/predicates. |
| 9 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D- | _ | 11 γεγόνασιν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 10 | Δωριεῖς | Δωριεύς | NOUN | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 γεγόνασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of γεγόνασιν. |
| 11 | γεγόνασιν | γίγνομαι | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 5 ἦσαν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 12 | Ἡρακλειδῶν | Ἡρακλείδης | PROPN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 κατελθόντων | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 13 | κατελθόντων | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 φανεῖται | advcl | high | Participle in genitive absolute. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 15 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | Preposition governing Πελοπόννησον. |
| 15 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 κατελθόντων | obl | high | Directional complement of κατελθόντων. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 κατελθόντων | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 17 | φανεῖται | φαίνομαι | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; future middle/passive form used impersonally. |
| 18 | προϊόντι | πρόειμι | VERB | V- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 φανεῖται | advcl | medium | Dative participle; likely concessive/temporal with ὁμοῦ. |
| 19 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D- | _ | 18 προϊόντι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the participle. |
| 20 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | D- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 λόγῳ | det | high | Article with λόγῳ. |
| 21 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 προϊόντι | obl | high | Dative complement of προϊόντι. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 φανεῖται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
διάφορα δὲ ἐς τοὺς Φλιασίους τὰ πολλὰ εἰδὼς εἰρημένα, τοῖς μάλιστα αὐτῶν ὡμολογημένοις χρήσομαι.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: διάφορα and εἰρημένα form a participial/accusative construction with εἰδὼς, while τοῖς ... ὡμολογημένοις is a dative governed by χρήσομαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διάφορα | διάφορος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 εἰδὼς | obj | medium | Likely adverbial/accusative predicate element with εἰδὼς; analysis somewhat uncertain. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 15 χρήσομαι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 8 εἰδὼς | case | high | Preposition governing token 5. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Φλιασίους | det | high | Article modifying Φλιασίους. |
| 5 | Φλιασίους | Φλιάσιοι | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 εἰδὼς | obl | high | Object of the prepositional phrase with ἐς. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 εἰρημένα | det | high | Article modifying εἰρημένα. |
| 7 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 εἰρημένα | amod | high | Modifies εἰρημένα. |
| 8 | εἰδὼς | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAP-SNM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 χρήσομαι | advcl | high | Participial clause giving circumstantial background. |
| 9 | εἰρημένα | λέγω | VERB | V-RMPN | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 εἰδὼς | xcomp | medium | Could also be an object complement/result clause; attached as complement of εἰδὼς. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 χρήσομαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ὡμολογημένοις | det | high | Article modifying ὡμολογημένοις. |
| 12 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | _ | 14 ὡμολογημένοις | advmod | high | Degree modifier. |
| 13 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 ὡμολογημένοις | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ὡμολογημένοις. |
| 14 | ὡμολογημένοις | ὁμολογέω | VERB | V-RPP-DPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 χρήσομαι | obl | high | Dative participial phrase dependent on χρήσομαι. |
| 15 | χρήσομαι | χράομαι | VERB | V-FMI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 χρήσομαι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |