Grammar parses for passage 2.12.3
Open translation for this passage
ἡ δὲ Φλιασία τῆς Σικυωνίων ἐστὶν ὅμορος·
Copular clause: Φλιασία is subject and ὅμορος is the nominative predicate adjective; τῆς Σικυωνίων is a genitive complement of ὅμορος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | article-nom-fem-sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Φλιασία | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Φλιασία | Φλιασία | PROPN | noun-nom-fem-sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Place-name, subject of ἐστίν. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | article-gen-fem-sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Σικυωνίων | det | high | |
| 5 | Σικυωνίων | Σικυών | PROPN | noun-gen-masc-plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ὅμορος | nmod | high | Genitive of the neighboring people/territory. |
| 6 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | verb-pres-ind-act-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ὅμορος | ὅμορος | ADJ | adj-nom-fem-sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰμί; agrees with Φλιασία. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
καὶ Τιτάνης μὲν τεσσαράκοντα σταδίους ἀπέχει μάλιστα ἡ πόλις, ἐκ Σικυῶνος δὲ ἐς αὐτὴν ὁδός ἐστιν εὐθεῖα.
Two coordinated clauses: the city is approximately forty stadia from T Titan; from Sicyon, the route to it is straight. The first clause has postposed subject ἡ πόλις and ἀπέχει with a measure accusative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἀπέχει | cc | high | |
| 2 | Τιτάνης | Τιτάνη | PROPN | N--GN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπέχει | obl | high | Place name in the genitive of separation/distance. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G----- | _ | 6 ἀπέχει | discourse | high | Correlative μέν answered by δέ. |
| 4 | τεσσαράκοντα | τεσσαράκοντα | NUM | M--PNA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 5 σταδίους | nummod | high | |
| 5 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N--PNA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀπέχει | obj | high | Measure accusative with ἀπέχει. |
| 6 | ἀπέχει | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D--------- | Degree=Sup | 6 ἀπέχει | advmod | high | Approximative/intensifying adverb, ‘approximately/most nearly’. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | S--NFN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 πόλις | det | high | |
| 9 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N--NFN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπέχει | nsubj | high | Postposed subject of ἀπέχει and ἐστιν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέχει | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R--------- | _ | 12 Σικυῶνος | case | high | |
| 12 | Σικυῶνος | Σικυών | PROPN | N--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ὁδός | obl | high | Source point governed by ἐκ. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ὁδός | cc | high | Correlative contrast to μὲν. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 15 αὐτὴν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 15 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P--AFS3-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 16 ὁδός | obl | high | Refers to πόλις. |
| 16 | ὁδός | ὁδός | NOUN | N--NFN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of εστιν; predicate adjective follows. |
| 17 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἀπέχει | conj | medium | Second coordinated predicate/clause; syntactically coordinated with ἀπέχει. |
| 18 | εὐθεῖα | εὐθύς | ADJ | A--NFN-- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ὁδός | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with ὁδός. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέχει | punct | high |
καὶ ὅτι μὲν Ἀρκάσι Φλιάσιοι προσήκουσιν οὐδέν, δηλοῖ τὰ ἐς τὸν Ἀρκάδων κατάλογον τῆς Ὁμήρου ποιήσεως, ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν Ἀρκάσι καὶ οὗτοι συγκατειλεγμένοι·
The sentence has a μέν-clause (Φλιάσιοι προσήκουσιν οὐδέν Ἀρκάσι) followed by δηλοῖ with a subject τοῦ/τὰ ... κατάλογον construction: τὰ ἐς ... κατάλογον ... ποιήσεως denotes the Homeric poem's material concerning the catalogue. The second ὅτι-clause explains the evidence; συγκατειλεγμένοι is a predicate participle with εἰσίν, agreeing with οὗτοι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 δηλοῖ | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 δηλοῖ | mark | high | Introduces the first content/topic clause. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 6 προσήκουσιν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, balanced by the later ὅτι clause. |
| 4 | Ἀρκάσι | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 προσήκουσιν | obl | high | Dative of relation: ‘to/with the Arcadians’. |
| 5 | Φλιάσιοι | Φλιάσιος | PROPN | N--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 προσήκουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | προσήκουσιν | προσήκω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 δηλοῖ | csubj | high | Finite verb heading the μέν-clause, which functions as δηλοῖ's subject/content. |
| 7 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | A--N-SNC | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 προσήκουσιν | obj | high | Accusative extent/object with προσήκουσιν: ‘belong in no respect’. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 προσήκουσιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | δηλοῖ | δηλόω | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 κατάλογον | det | high | Substantivized article modifying implied/elliptical neuter plural material. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 14 κατάλογον | case | high | |
| 12 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 κατάλογον | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 κατάλογον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on κατάλογον: catalogue of the Arcadians. |
| 14 | κατάλογον | κατάλογος | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ποιήσεως | obl | medium | Accusative in the ἐς phrase; τὰ ἐς ... is substantivized/elliptical and tied to ποιήσεως. |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T--G-SF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ποιήσεως | det | high | |
| 16 | Ὁμήρου | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ποιήσεως | nmod | high | Possessive genitive modifying ποιήσεως. |
| 17 | ποιήσεως | ποίησις | NOUN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 δηλοῖ | obl | medium | Genitive of source/association with the material denoted by τὰ; attachment of κατάλογον within the phrase is syntactically debated. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ποιήσεως | punct | high | |
| 19 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 δηλοῖ | ccomp | high | Introduces the explanatory content clause. |
| 20 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | _ | 21 εἰσὶν | advmod | high | |
| 21 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 ὅτι | ccomp | high | Copular auxiliary with predicate participle συγκατειλεγμένοι. |
| 22 | Ἀρκάσι | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 συγκατειλεγμένοι | obl | high | Dative of association with συγκαταλέγω: ‘enrolled among the Arcadians’. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 οὗτοι | cc | high | |
| 24 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | P--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 συγκατειλεγμένοι | nsubj | high | Demonstrative subject of the participial predicate. |
| 25 | συγκατειλεγμένοι | συγκαταλέγω | VERB | V-RPP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 21 εἰσὶν | xcomp | high | Perfect passive participle, predicate complement of εἰσίν. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 δηλοῖ | punct | high |
ὡς δὲ Ἀργεῖοί τε ἦσαν ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ὕστερον Δωριεῖς γεγόνασιν Ἡρακλειδῶν κατελθόντων ἐς Πελοπόννησον, φανεῖται προϊόντι ὁμοῦ τῷ λόγῳ.
The opening ὡς-clause functions as a clausal subject/content clause of φανεῖται; Ἡρακλειδῶν κατελθόντων is a genitive absolute, and προϊόντι ὁμοῦ τῷ λόγῳ is an elliptical dative participial phrase meaning ‘as the narrative proceeds.’
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 φανεῖται | mark | high | Comparative/temporal connective introducing the subordinate clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 φανεῖται | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀργεῖοί | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘Argives’. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 Ἀργεῖοί | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 17 φανεῖται | csubj | medium | Finite verb in the ὡς-clause; clause is coordinated with the second predicate. |
| 6 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 7 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἦσαν | obl | high | Source/time expression, ‘from the beginning’. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 Δωριεῖς | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate with ἦσαν. |
| 9 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 11 γεγόνασιν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | Δωριεῖς | Δωριεύς | NOUN | N-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 γεγόνασιν | nsubj | high | Predicate subject of γεγόνασιν. |
| 11 | γεγόνασιν | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 17 φανεῖται | csubj | medium | Perfect of γίγνομαι, ‘became/have become’; coordinated with ἦσαν. |
| 12 | Ἡρακλειδῶν | Ἡρακλείδης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 κατελθόντων | nsubj | medium | Genitive plural absolute with κατελθόντων; proper name. |
| 13 | κατελθόντων | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 γεγόνασιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, temporal/circumstantial. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | |
| 15 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 κατελθόντων | obl | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 φανεῖται | punct | high | |
| 17 | φανεῖται | φαίνομαι | VERB | V-FMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Future|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate, ‘it will become clear/appear’. |
| 18 | προϊόντι | πρόειμι | VERB | V-PAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 λόγῳ | advcl | medium | Dative participle, likely agreeing with λόγῳ in a temporal/circumstantial phrase; exact construction is somewhat elliptical. |
| 19 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 18 προϊόντι | advmod | high | ‘Together/along’. |
| 20 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 λόγῳ | det | high | |
| 21 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 φανεῖται | obl | high | Dative of respect/time in ὁμοῦ τῷ λόγῳ, ‘as the account proceeds’. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 φανεῖται | punct | high |
διάφορα δὲ ἐς τοὺς Φλιασίους τὰ πολλὰ εἰδὼς εἰρημένα, τοῖς μάλιστα αὐτῶν ὡμολογημένοις χρήσομαι.
The opening accusative/neuter participial sequence is compressed and somewhat elliptical; εἰδώς is a nominative circumstantial participle with an understood first-person subject, while the main predicate is χρήσομαι with dative τοῖς ὡμολογημένοις.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διάφορα | διάφορος | ADJ | Ἀ-? | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 εἰρημένα | nsubj:pass | medium | Neuter plural subject/predicate-like substantive with εἰρημένα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | ἤ-? | _ | 15 χρήσομαι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | R-6 | _ | 5 Φλιασίους | case | high | Variant of εἰς. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S---APM- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Φλιασίους | det | high | |
| 5 | Φλιασίους | Φλιάσιος | PROPN | A-S---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 εἰρημένα | obl | high | Accusative with ἐς; ethnic name. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S---APN- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 πολλὰ | det | high | |
| 7 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-S---APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 εἰρημένα | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘for the most part’. |
| 8 | εἰδὼς | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAAPMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ὡμολογημένοις | advcl | medium | Perfect form with present meaning; nominative masculine singular, agreeing with understood speaker. |
| 9 | εἰρημένα | λέγω | VERB | V-RPMPAN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 15 χρήσομαι | xcomp | medium | Perfect passive participle, neuter plural; construction is compressed/elliptical. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 χρήσομαι | punct | high | |
| 11 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | S---DPN- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ὡμολογημένοις | det | high | |
| 12 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D--------- | Degree=Sup | 14 ὡμολογημένοις | advmod | high | |
| 13 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 14 ὡμολογημένοις | nmod | high | Partitive/relative genitive with τοῖς ... ὡμολογημένοις. |
| 14 | ὡμολογημένοις | ὁμολογέω | VERB | V-RMPPDN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 15 χρήσομαι | obl | high | Substantivized dative participle: ‘the things agreed upon’. |
| 15 | χρήσομαι | χράομαι | VERB | V-FMI-1S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Deponent verb governing dative. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 χρήσομαι | punct | high |