Grammar parses for passage 2.12.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ γενέσθαι πρῶτον Ἄραντά φασιν ἄνδρα αὐτόχθονα·
φασιν governs an accusative-and-infinitive construction: ἄνδρα is the accusative subject of γενέσθαι, with Ἄραντά likely identifying the man in apposition.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 3 γῇ | case | high | |
| 2 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | - | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 γῇ | det | high | |
| 3 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | - | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Dative locative complement of γενέσθαι. |
| 4 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | DET | - | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 γῇ | det | high | Demonstrative modifier of γῇ. |
| 5 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 8 φασιν | ccomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive in reported speech. |
| 6 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | - | Degree=Pos | 5 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | Adverbial first/for the first time. |
| 7 | Ἄραντά | Ἄραντας | PROPN | - | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἄνδρα | nmod | medium | Proper name in apposition or identification with ἄνδρα; accent/form may reflect inflected name. |
| 8 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | - | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 10 | αὐτόχθονα | αὐτόχθων | ADJ | - | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἄνδρα | amod | high | |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φασιν | punct | high |
καὶ πόλιν τε ᾤκισε περὶ τὸν βουνὸν τοῦτον, ὃς Ἀραντῖνος ἔτι καλεῖται καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς, οὐ πολὺ ἑτέρου λόφου διεστηκώς, ἐφʼ οὗ Φλιασίοις ἥ τε ἀκρόπολις καὶ τῆς Ἥβης ἐστὶ τὸ ἱερόν.
The relative clause beginning with ὃς describes βουνός; διεστηκώς is a circumstantial perfect participle with implicit subject ὃς and genitive λόφου as the standard of separation. The final clause is existential: ἡ ἀκρόπολις and τὸ ἱερόν are coordinated subjects of ἐστίν, with τῆς Ἥβης dependent on ἱερόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ᾤκισε | cc | high | |
| 2 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ᾤκισε | obj | high | |
| 3 | τε | τε | PART | PTCL | _ | 2 πόλιν | discourse | medium | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 4 | ᾤκισε | οἰκίζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Augmented aorist form; subject is understood from context. |
| 5 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 βουνὸν | case | high | |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 βουνὸν | det | high | |
| 7 | βουνὸν | βουνός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ᾤκισε | obl | high | |
| 8 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | D-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 βουνὸν | det | high | Demonstrative adjective modifying βουνόν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 10 ὃς | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | R-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 13 καλεῖται | nsubj | high | Relative subject, referring to βουνός. |
| 11 | Ἀραντῖνος | Ἀραντῖνος | PROPN | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 καλεῖται | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative/name with καλεῖται. |
| 12 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 καλεῖται | advmod | high | |
| 13 | καλεῖται | καλέω | VERB | V-PPI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 4 ᾤκισε | acl:relcl | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 καλεῖται | cc | high | Coordinates the second predication in the relative clause. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 ἡμᾶς | case | high | |
| 16 | ἡμᾶς | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 13 καλεῖται | obl | high | Temporal extension: down to/into our time. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 18 οὐ | punct | high | |
| 18 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PTCL | Polarity=Neg | 22 διεστηκώς | advmod | high | |
| 19 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADV | A-ASN | _ | 22 διεστηκώς | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative modifying διεστηκώς. |
| 20 | ἑτέρου | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 λόφου | amod | high | |
| 21 | λόφου | λόφος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 διεστηκώς | obl | high | Genitive of separation/distance. |
| 22 | διεστηκώς | διίστημι | VERB | V-RAP-NSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 καλεῖται | conj | high | Circumstantial perfect participle, coordinated with the preceding relative-clause predication. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 24 ἐφʼ | punct | high | |
| 24 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 οὗ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 25 | οὗ | ὅς | PRON | R-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 33 ἐστὶ | obl | high | Relative adverbial phrase, referring to λόφος. |
| 26 | Φλιασίοις | Φλιάσιος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἀκρόπολις | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/association with the acropolis. |
| 27 | ἥ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἀκρόπολις | det | high | |
| 28 | τε | τε | PART | PTCL | _ | 29 ἀκρόπολις | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 29 | ἀκρόπολις | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 ἱερόν | cc | high | Coordinates the second nominal subject. |
| 31 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 Ἥβης | det | high | |
| 32 | Ἥβης | Ἥβη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱερόν. |
| 33 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second finite clause; coordinated nominal predicate structure follows. |
| 34 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 ἱερόν | det | high | |
| 35 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | Second coordinated subject of the existential clause. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 33 ἐστὶ | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθά τε δὴ πόλιν ᾤκισε καὶ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἡ γῆ καὶ ἡ πόλις Ἀραντία ἐκλήθησαν.
The subject of ᾤκισε is implicit (likely the previously mentioned founder); πόλιν is its object. ἐκλήθησαν is passive with coordinated subjects ἡ γῆ and ἡ πόλις, while ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ means ‘from him/after him’; τὸ ἀρχαῖον is an adverbial accusative, ‘formerly/anciently’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθά | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 5 ᾤκισε | advmod | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ᾤκισε | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 5 ᾤκισε | discourse | high | |
| 4 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | Nb----AccS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ᾤκισε | obj | high | |
| 5 | ᾤκισε | οἰκίζω | VERB | V3saia--- | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Implicit third-person singular subject. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἐκλήθησαν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 7 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Elided form of ἀπό. |
| 8 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3msg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 ἐκλήθησαν | obl | high | Genitive governed by ἀπό; antecedent is the founder. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S----NNA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 10 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A----NNA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐκλήθησαν | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘formerly/in ancient times’. |
| 11 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | S----NNF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 γῆ | det | high | |
| 12 | γῆ | γῆ | NOUN | Nb----NomS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐκλήθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 πόλις | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | S----NNF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 πόλις | det | high | |
| 15 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | Nb----NomS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 γῆ | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 16 | Ἀραντία | Ἀραντία | PROPN | Nb----NomS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐκλήθησαν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative/name complement of the passive ‘were called’; coordinated subjects are γῆ and πόλις. |
| 17 | ἐκλήθησαν | καλέω | VERB | V3papi--- | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 5 ᾤκισε | conj | high | Finite verb coordinated with ᾤκισε. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ᾤκισε | punct | high |
τούτῳ βασιλεύοντι Ἀσωπὸς Κηλούσης εἶναι λεγόμενος καὶ Ποσειδῶνος ἐξεῦρε τοῦ ποταμοῦ τὸ ὕδωρ, ὅντινα οἱ νῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ εὑρόντος καλοῦσιν Ἀσωπόν.
The participial phrase τούτῳ βασιλεύοντι is dative temporal/circumstantial; Ἀσωπὸς is the subject of ἐξεῦρε, with Κηλούσης εἶναι λεγόμενος and Ποσειδῶνος dependent genitives in the compressed relative-style narrative. ὅντινα is the object of καλοῦσιν, with οἱ as the subject and τοῦ εὑρόντος an ablatival/genitive-source substantivized participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | Pd3ms | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 βασιλεύοντι | obl | high | Dative demonstrative modifying the temporal/circumstantial participle. |
| 2 | βασιλεύοντι | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἐξεῦρε | advcl | medium | Circumstantial/temporal dative participle; understood subject is the referent of τούτῳ. |
| 3 | Ἀσωπὸς | Ἀσωπός | PROPN | NPM-S-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐξεῦρε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐξεῦρε. |
| 4 | Κηλούσης | Κηλούσης | PROPN | NPM-S-G | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 λεγόμενος | obl | low | Proper-name genitive; syntactically compressed and likely associated with the naming predicate. |
| 5 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 λεγόμενος | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of λεγόμενος. |
| 6 | λεγόμενος | λέγω | VERB | V-PMP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 3 Ἀσωπὸς | acl | medium | Passive naming participle modifying Ἀσωπὸς; εἶναι is its infinitival complement. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 6 λεγόμενος | cc | high | Coordinates the naming material with the following genitive. |
| 8 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | NPM-S-G | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 λεγόμενος | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent in the compressed phrase, likely indicating Poseidon as associated father/source. |
| 9 | ἐξεῦρε | ἐξευρίσκω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main predicate. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RAI-SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ποταμοῦ | det | high | Article with ποταμοῦ. |
| 11 | ποταμοῦ | ποταμός | NOUN | NMS-G | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τὸ ὕδωρ, ‘water of the river’. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RAS-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ὕδωρ | det | high | Article with ὕδωρ. |
| 13 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | NNS-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐξεῦρε | obj | high | Direct object of ἐξεῦρε. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐξεῦρε | punct | high | |
| 15 | ὅντινα | ὅστις | PRON | Pi-A-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 21 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of καλοῦσιν; agrees with the river name understood. |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | Pp3-SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 21 καλοῦσιν | nsubj | medium | Personal pronoun, ‘they’; form identical with the masculine nominative article. |
| 17 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 καλοῦσιν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 18 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 εὑρόντος | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive substantivized participle. |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RAI-SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 εὑρόντος | det | high | Article substantivizing εὑρόντος. |
| 20 | εὑρόντος | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-2AAP-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 καλοῦσιν | obl | high | Substantivized genitive aorist participle, object of ἀπό. |
| 21 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 ἐξεῦρε | acl:relcl | high | Finite predicate of the relative clause. |
| 22 | Ἀσωπόν | Ἀσωπός | PROPN | NPM-S-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 καλοῦσιν | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative/name assigned by καλοῦσιν. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐξεῦρε | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ μνῆμα τοῦ Ἄραντός ἐστιν ἐν χωρίῳ Κελεαῖς, ἔνθα δὴ καὶ Δυσαύλην ἄνδρα Ἐλευσίνιον τεθάφθαι λέγουσιν.
The relative adverb ἔνθα introduces a locative clause; τεθάφθαι is an accusative-and-infinitive complement of λέγουσιν, with Δυσαύλην as infinitive subject and ἄνδρα Ἐλευσίνιον as apposition/predicate description.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 μνῆμα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 μνῆμα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἄραντός | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἄραντός | Ἄραντος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 μνῆμα | nmod | medium | Proper name; genitive dependent on μνῆμα. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 χωρίῳ | case | high | |
| 8 | χωρίῳ | χωρίον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | obl | high | |
| 9 | Κελεαῖς | Κελεαί | PROPN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 χωρίῳ | nmod | medium | Locative place-name dependent on χωρίῳ; form may reflect a plural toponym. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 17 τεθάφθαι | advmod | medium | Relative locative adverb introducing the following clause. |
| 12 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 11 ἔνθα | advmod | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 Δυσαύλην | cc | medium | Coordinating/additive particle within the relative clause. |
| 14 | Δυσαύλην | Δυσαύλης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 τεθάφθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 15 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Δυσαύλην | appos | high | Apposition to Δυσαύλην. |
| 16 | Ἐλευσίνιον | Ἐλευσίνιος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἄνδρα | amod | high | Ethnic adjective agreeing with ἄνδρα. |
| 17 | τεθάφθαι | θάπτω | VERB | V-RAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 18 λέγουσιν | xcomp | high | Perfect passive infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 18 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἐστιν | parataxis | medium | Impersonal/general subject; governs the infinitival report. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 λέγουσιν | punct | high |