Grammar parses for passage 2.12.5
Open translation for this passage
Ἄραντος δὲ υἱὸς Ἄορις καὶ θυγάτηρ ἐγένετο Ἀραιθυρέα.
The copular/possessive-style γίγνομαι construction coordinates υἱός Ἄορις and θυγάτηρ Ἀραιθυρέα as the subject complement/resulting offspring; the proper names are treated as genitive dependents, though their accented forms are nominative-looking.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄραντος | Ἄραντος | PROPN | Ne | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 υἱὸς | nmod | medium | Proper name, interpreted as genitive dependent of υἱός despite nominative-looking form. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | υἱὸς | υἱός | NOUN | Nb | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | First coordinated offspring noun. |
| 4 | Ἄορις | Ἄορις | PROPN | Ne | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 υἱὸς | nmod | low | Proper name; case is uncertain because the transmitted form is nominative-looking and indeclinable-looking. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 θυγάτηρ | cc | high | |
| 6 | θυγάτηρ | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | Nb | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 υἱὸς | conj | medium | Coordinated with υἱός; shared predicate ἐγένετο. |
| 7 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2A-ADI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | Ἀραιθυρέα | Ἀραιθυρέα | PROPN | Ne | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 θυγάτηρ | nmod | low | Proper name, interpreted as genitive dependent of θυγάτηρ; transmitted form is nominative-looking. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐγένετο | punct | high |
τούτους φασὶ Φλιάσιοι θηρᾶσαί τε ἐμπείρους γενέσθαι καὶ τὰ ἐς πόλεμον ἀνδρείους.
φασί governs coordinated accusative-and-infinitive clauses: τούτους θηρᾶσαι τε ἐμπείρους γενέσθαι καὶ ... ἀνδρείους; τὰ ἐς πόλεμον is a substantivized phrase meaning roughly 'in matters pertaining to war'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | PD-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 4 θηρᾶσαί | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitival clauses. |
| 2 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 3 | Φλιάσιοι | Φλιάσιος | PROPN | N--NP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 φασὶ | nsubj | high | Demonym used as a plural proper-name subject. |
| 4 | θηρᾶσαί | θηράω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 2 φασὶ | ccomp | high | First coordinated infinitive; its accusative subject is τούτους. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 θηρᾶσαί | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitives. |
| 6 | ἐμπείρους | ἔμπειρος | ADJ | A--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with γενέσθαι. |
| 7 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 4 θηρᾶσαί | conj | high | Second infinitive coordinated with θηρᾶσαι. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἀνδρείους | cc | high | Coordinates ἐμπείρους with ἀνδρείους. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 πόλεμον | det | high | Article with πόλεμον; the phrase τὰ ἐς πόλεμον is substantivized/adverbial in sense. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 πόλεμον | case | high | |
| 11 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀνδρείους | obl | medium | Accusative object of ἐς within the substantivized phrase τὰ ἐς πόλεμον. |
| 12 | ἀνδρείους | ἀνδρεῖος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Second predicate adjective with γενέσθαι, coordinated with ἐμπείρους. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 φασὶ | punct | high |
προαποθανούσης δὲ Ἀραιθυρέας Ἄορις ἐς μνήμην τῆς ἀδελφῆς μετωνόμασεν Ἀραιθυρέαν τὴν χώραν.
Genitive absolute προαποθανούσης δὲ Ἀραιθυρέας sets the temporal background; Ἄορις is the subject of μετωνόμασεν, with Ἀραιθυρέαν τὴν χώραν as the renamed object and ἐς μνήμην τῆς ἀδελφῆς expressing purpose/reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προαποθανούσης | προαποθνῄσκω | VERB | V--PAPGSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 Ἀραιθυρέας | acl:abs | high | Genitive absolute participle; temporal anteriority is expressed lexically by προ-. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 μετωνόμασεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀραιθυρέας | Ἀραιθυρέα | PROPN | N--G-SF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 μετωνόμασεν | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the absolute participle. |
| 4 | Ἄορις | Ἄορις | PROPN | N--N-SM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 μετωνόμασεν | nsubj | high | Agent/subject of μετωνόμασεν. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 μνήμην | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 6 | μνήμην | μνήμη | NOUN | N--A-SF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 μετωνόμασεν | obl | high | Accusative object of ἐς, expressing purpose or reference. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T--G-SF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀδελφῆς | det | high | |
| 8 | ἀδελφῆς | ἀδελφή | NOUN | N--G-SF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 μνήμην | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μνήμην. |
| 9 | μετωνόμασεν | μετονομάζω | VERB | V--IAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | Ἀραιθυρέαν | Ἀραιθυρέα | PROPN | N--A-SF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 μετωνόμασεν | obj | high | Predicative/object complement naming the χώραν. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T--A-SF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 χώραν | det | high | |
| 12 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N--A-SF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 μετωνόμασεν | obj | high | Entity receiving the new name; Ἀραιθυρέαν is the naming complement. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 9 μετωνόμασεν | punct | high |
καὶ ἐπὶ τῷδε Ὅμηρος τοὺς Ἀγαμέμνονος ὑπηκόους καταλέγων τὸ ἔπος ἐποίησεν Ὀρνειάς τʼ ἐνέμοντο Ἀραιθυρέην τʼ ἐρατεινήν. Hom. Il. 2.571
Ὅμηρος is the subject of ἐποίησεν, with καταλέγων as a circumstantial participle; τοὺς Ἀγαμέμνονος ὑπηκόους is the object of καταλέγων. The quoted Homeric words are retained as tokens, while the citation fragments are treated as citation text with low-confidence syntax.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐποίησεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 τῷδε | case | high | |
| 3 | τῷδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 11 ἐποίησεν | obl | high | |
| 4 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | PN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 καταλέγων | obj | high | |
| 6 | Ἀγαμέμνονος | Ἀγαμέμνων | PROPN | PN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ὑπηκόους | nmod | high | |
| 7 | ὑπηκόους | ὑπήκοος | NOUN | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 καταλέγων | obj | high | |
| 8 | καταλέγων | καταλέγω | VERB | PAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐποίησεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ὅμηρος. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἔπος | det | high | |
| 10 | ἔπος | ἔπος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Object of ἐποίησεν; idiomatically ‘made/composed the verse’. |
| 11 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | Ὀρνειάς | Ὀρνειά | PROPN | PN | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἐνέμοντο | obj | medium | Quoted Homeric accusative plural place-name; syntactic role within the quotation is uncertain. |
| 13 | τʼ | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἐνέμοντο | cc | medium | Enclitic τε, elided spelling. |
| 14 | ἐνέμοντο | νέμω | VERB | V3PIIM | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impft|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 11 ἐποίησεν | parataxis | medium | Quoted Homeric verb; mid voice and relation to surrounding prose are uncertain. |
| 15 | Ἀραιθυρέην | Ἀραιθυρέη | PROPN | PN | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐνέμοντο | obj | medium | Quoted Homeric accusative singular place-name. |
| 16 | τʼ | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἐνέμοντο | cc | medium | Enclitic τε, elided spelling. |
| 17 | ἐρατεινήν | ἐρατεινός | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 Ἀραιθυρέην | amod | medium | Adjective modifying Ἀραιθυρέην. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 ἐποίησεν | punct | medium | |
| 19 | H | H | X | _ | _ | 11 ἐποίησεν | flat | low | Citation text fragmented into individual tokens; Greek morphology not applicable. |
| 20 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 19 H | flat | low | Citation text fragment. |
| 21 | m | m | X | _ | _ | 20 o | flat | low | Citation text fragment. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 19 H | punct | low | Citation punctuation. |
| 23 | I | I | X | _ | _ | 11 ἐποίησεν | flat | low | Citation text fragment. |
| 24 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 23 I | flat | low | Citation text fragment. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 23 I | punct | low | Citation punctuation. |
| 26 | 2.571 | 2.571 | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 11 ἐποίησεν | nummod | low | Citation number, not a clause constituent. |
τάφους δὲ τῶν Ἄραντος παίδων οὐχ ἑτέρωθι ἡγοῦμαι τῆς χώρας, ἐπὶ τῷ λόφῳ δὲ εἶναι τῷ Ἀραντίνῳ·
ἡγοῦμαι governs an accusative-plus-infinitive construction: τάφους ... εἶναι, with the location first expressed negatively and then positively by ἐπὶ τῷ λόφῳ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τάφους | τάφος | NOUN | A-??? | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἡγοῦμαι | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἡγοῦμαι | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 παίδων | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἄραντος | Ἄραντος | PROPN | N-PRI | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παίδων | nmod | high | Patronymic/name in the genitive. |
| 5 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 τάφους | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τάφους. |
| 6 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | D- | Polarity=Neg | 7 ἑτέρωθι | advmod | high | |
| 7 | ἑτέρωθι | ἑτέρωθι | ADV | D- | _ | 8 ἡγοῦμαι | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἡγοῦμαι | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-PIE-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | First-person parenthetical/main verb governing an accusative plus infinitive construction. |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 χώρας | det | high | |
| 10 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἑτέρωθι | obl | medium | Genitive of place/whole with ἑτέρωθι: elsewhere in the country. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἡγοῦμαι | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 14 λόφῳ | case | high | Takes the dative here. |
| 13 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 λόφῳ | det | high | |
| 14 | λόφῳ | λόφος | NOUN | N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 εἶναι | obl | high | Locative complement of εἶναι. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 εἶναι | cc | high | |
| 16 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἡγοῦμαι | xcomp | high | Accusative-infinitive content complement; τάφους is the understood accusative subject. |
| 17 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀραντίνῳ | det | high | |
| 18 | Ἀραντίνῳ | Ἀραντῖνος | ADJ | A- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 λόφῳ | amod | high | Toponymic adjective modifying λόφῳ. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἡγοῦμαι | punct | high |
καί σφισιν ἐπίθημα στῆλαι περιφανεῖς εἰσι, καὶ πρὸ τῆς τελετῆς ἣν τῇ Δήμητρι ἄγουσιν Ἄραντα καὶ τοὺς παῖδας καλοῦσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σπονδὰς ἐς ταῦτα βλέποντες τὰ μνήματα.
Main clause has existential εἰσι with dative possessor σφισιν and subject στῆλαι; ἣν introduces a relative clause modifying τελετήν, while Ἄραντα and τοὺς παῖδας are coordinated objects of καλοῦσιν. The final participial phrase is circumstantial and βλέποντες governs the object τὰ μνήματα; ἐς ταῦτα is directional, with ταῦτα referring to the visible monuments/stelae.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 εἰσι | cc | high | |
| 2 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P|D|3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 ἐπίθημα | iobj | high | Enclitic third-person plural dative. |
| 3 | ἐπίθημα | ἐπίθημα | NOUN | N----N-S- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 εἰσι | nsubj | medium | Predicate-like appositional noun with στῆλαι; στῆλαι is the overt plural subject, while ἐπίθημα is singular collective/predicative. |
| 4 | στῆλαι | στήλη | NOUN | N----N-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 εἰσι | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | περιφανεῖς | περιφανής | ADJ | A--NP-F- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 στῆλαι | amod | high | |
| 6 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εἰσι | punct | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 καλοῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 9 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | P | _ | 11 τελετῆς | case | high | |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 τελετῆς | det | high | |
| 11 | τελετῆς | τελετή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἄγουσιν | obl | high | Object of temporal πρό. |
| 12 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P-R-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 15 ἄγουσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun refers to τελετήν, with its antecedent understood from the article-noun phrase. |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Δήμητρι | det | high | |
| 14 | Δήμητρι | Δήμητρα | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἄγουσιν | iobj | high | |
| 15 | ἄγουσιν | ἄγω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 καλοῦσιν | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause; subject is implicit 3rd-plural. |
| 16 | Ἄραντα | Ἄραντας | PROPN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 καλοῦσιν | obj | medium | Proper name, accusative singular; coordinated with τοὺς παῖδας. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 παῖδας | cc | high | |
| 18 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-AMP | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 παῖδας | det | high | |
| 19 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | |
| 20 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 εἰσι | conj | high | Second coordinated main predicate. |
| 21 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 23 σπονδὰς | case | high | |
| 22 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-APF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 σπονδὰς | det | high | |
| 23 | σπονδὰς | σπονδή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 καλοῦσιν | obl | high | Destination/occasion phrase with ἐπί. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 25 ταῦτα | case | high | |
| 25 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | D----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 26 βλέποντες | obl | medium | Demonstrative accusative after εἰς; antecedent/reference is contextually the monuments. |
| 26 | βλέποντες | βλέπω | VERB | V-PPA-NPM- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 καλοῦσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial nominative participle, agreeing with the implicit subject of καλοῦσιν. |
| 27 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-APN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 μνήματα | det | high | |
| 28 | μνήματα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 βλέποντες | obj | high | |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εἰσι | punct | high |