Grammar parses for passage 2.13.4
Open translation for this passage
παρὰ δὲ Φλιασίοις τῇ θεῷ ταύτῃ καὶ ἄλλαι τιμαὶ καὶ μέγιστον τὸ ἐς τοὺς ἱκέτας ἐστί·
The coordination is syntactically compressed: τιμαὶ and neuter μέγιστον are coordinated subjects/predicative nominal elements, while τὸ ἐς τοὺς ἱκέτας substantivizes the prepositional phrase and specifies the greatest honor.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | Case=Dat | 3 Φλιασίοις | case | high | Preposition governing the dative of association/location. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 ἐστί | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Φλιασίοις | Φλιάσιος | PROPN | A-DatP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐστί | obl | high | Dative plural demonym, with παρά. |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | P-DatS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 θεῷ | det | high | Article modifying θεῷ. |
| 5 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | N-DatS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ταύτῃ | obl | medium | Dative of the deity honored; feminine grammatical agreement is difficult lexically. |
| 6 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | DET | D-DatS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 τιμαὶ | det | high | Demonstrative modifying θεῷ, linked to the honors. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἄλλαι | cc | high | Coordinates ἄλλαι τιμαί with the following predicate phrase. |
| 8 | ἄλλαι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NomP | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 τιμαὶ | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of τιμαί. |
| 9 | τιμαὶ | τιμή | NOUN | N-NomP | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ἐστί | nsubj | high | First nominative subject of ἐστί. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 μέγιστον | cc | high | Coordinates μέγιστον with the preceding subject. |
| 11 | μέγιστον | μέγας | ADJ | A-NomS-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐστί | nsubj | medium | Neuter superlative substantivized or predicative, introducing the greatest honor. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P-NomS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἱκέτας | det | medium | Article substantivizing the following prepositional phrase. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | Case=Acc | 15 ἱκέτας | case | high | Variant form of εἰς, governing the accusative. |
| 14 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P-AccP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἱκέτας | det | high | Article modifying ἱκέτας. |
| 15 | ἱκέτας | ἱκέτης | NOUN | N-AccP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 μέγιστον | obl | high | Object of ἐς within the substantivized phrase. |
| 16 | ἐστί | εἰμί | VERB | V-臨-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential predicate; singular agreement follows the neuter μέγιστον construction. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐστί | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
δεδώκασι γὰρ δὴ ἄδειαν ἐνταῦθα ἱκετεύουσι, λυθέντες δὲ οἱ δεσμῶται τὰς πέδας πρὸς τὰ ἐν τῷ ἄλσει δένδρα ἀνατιθέασιν.
Two coordinated clauses: δεδώκασι governs ἄδειαν with an accusative infinitive-like object, while ἱκετεύουσι takes οἱ δεσμῶται as subject; λυθέντες is a circumstantial participle, and ἀνατιθέασιν governs τὰς πέδας with πρὸς τὰ ... δένδρα as goal. The form ἱκετεύουσι is morphologically ambiguous between 3pl present indicative and 2sg present subjunctive; context favors 3pl indicative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δεδώκασι | δίδωμι | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 6 ἱκετεύουσι | conj | high | Perfect active 3pl; subject is understood, with ἱκετεύουσι coordinated. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PRT | _ | 1 δεδώκασι | advmod | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PRT | _ | 1 δεδώκασι | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἄδειαν | ἄδεια | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 δεδώκασι | obj | high | Accusative object of δίδωμι. |
| 5 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 ἱκετεύουσι | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 6 | ἱκετεύουσι | ἱκετεύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Context favors 3pl present indicative, though form can be 2sg subjunctive. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἱκετεύουσι | punct | high | |
| 8 | λυθέντες | λύω | VERB | V-APP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 20 ἀνατιθέασιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist passive participle, agreeing with οἱ δεσμῶται. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἀνατιθέασιν | cc | high | |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 δεσμῶται | det | high | |
| 11 | δεσμῶται | δεσμώτης | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἀνατιθέασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀνατιθέασιν; also controls λυθέντες. |
| 12 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 πέδας | det | high | |
| 13 | πέδας | πέδη | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἀνατιθέασιν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀνατιθέασιν. |
| 14 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 δένδρα | case | high | |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 δένδρα | det | high | |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 ἄλσει | case | high | |
| 17 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἄλσει | det | high | |
| 18 | ἄλσει | ἄλσος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 δένδρα | nmod | high | Object of ἐν within the prepositional modifier. |
| 19 | δένδρα | δένδρον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 πρὸς | obl | high | Object of πρὸς; goal of hanging/dedicating the fetters. |
| 20 | ἀνατιθέασιν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἱκετεύουσι | conj | high | Coordinated predicate with ἱκετεύουσι. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἀνατιθέασιν | punct | high |
ἄγεται δὲ καὶ ἑορτή σφισιν ἐπέτειος, ἣν καλοῦσι Κισσοτόμους.
ἑορτή is the nominative subject of the passive/deponent ἄγεται; σφισιν is a dative of possession/association, and ἣν is the accusative relative object of καλοῦσι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἄγεται | ἄγω | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἄγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἄγεται | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἑορτή | ἑορτή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἄγεται | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 5 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP-D3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 1 ἄγεται | iobj | medium | Dative plural third-person pronoun; functions as associated/possessive dative. |
| 6 | ἐπέτειος | ἐπέτειος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἑορτή | amod | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἄγεται | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | R-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 καλοῦσι | obj | high | Relative pronoun refers to ἑορτή. |
| 9 | καλοῦσι | καλέω | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἑορτή | acl:relcl | high | |
| 10 | Κισσοτόμους | Κισσοτόμος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 καλοῦσι | xcomp | high | Name/title used as the predicate accusative with καλοῦσι. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἄγεται | punct | high |
ἄγαλμα δὲ οὔτε ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ φυλάσσουσιν οὐδὲν οὔτε ἐστὶν ἐν φανερῷ δεικνύμενον---ἐφʼ ὅτῳ δὲ οὕτω νομίζουσιν, ἱερός ἐστιν αὐτοῖς λόγος---,
The sentence has coordinated negated predicates (φυλάσσουσιν … οὔτε ἐστὶν … δεικνύμενον) and a parenthetical ἐφʼ ὅτῳ … νομίζουσιν clause before the main copular statement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 λόγος | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 φυλάσσουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 φυλάσσουσιν | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 5 ἀπορρήτῳ | case | high | |
| 5 | ἀπορρήτῳ | ἀπόρρητος | ADJ | a-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 φυλάσσουσιν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: in secret. |
| 6 | φυλάσσουσιν | φυλάσσω | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 λόγος | conj | high | First coordinated predicate. |
| 7 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 6 φυλάσσουσιν | obj | high | |
| 8 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 9 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 δεικνύμενον | aux | high | Copular verb. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 11 φανερῷ | case | high | |
| 11 | φανερῷ | φανερός | ADJ | a-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 δεικνύμενον | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: openly/in public. |
| 12 | δεικνύμενον | δείκνυμι | VERB | v-spp-ana- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 25 λόγος | acl | medium | Participial predicate modifying ἄγαλμα; ἐστὶν is copular. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐφʼ | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐφʼ | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐφʼ | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 16 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 17 ὅτῳ | case | high | Elided preposition governing dative. |
| 17 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | p-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 νομίζουσιν | obl | medium | Relative/interrogative pronoun in an idiomatic phrase, ‘on what basis/point’. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 20 νομίζουσιν | cc | high | |
| 19 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | d-------- | _ | 20 νομίζουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 20 | νομίζουσιν | νομίζω | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 λόγος | advcl | medium | Impersonal/parenthetical clause: ‘insofar as they consider it so’; subject is understood. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 νομίζουσιν | punct | high | |
| 22 | ἱερός | ἱερός | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 λόγος | amod | high | |
| 23 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 λόγος | cop | high | |
| 24 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | p-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 25 λόγος | iobj | high | |
| 25 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Main clause: λόγος ἱερός ἐστιν αὐτοῖς. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 λόγος | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 λόγος | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 λόγος | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 λόγος | punct | high |
ἐπεὶ τῆς γε Ἥρας ἐστὶν ἐξιόντων ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ναὸς ἄγαλμα ἔχων Παρίου λίθου.
The copular clause has ναὸς as subject and ἄγαλμα ἔχων as its predicate description; ἐξιόντων is a substantivized genitive plural participle, while Παρίου λίθου is a genitive material complement of ἄγαλμα. The syntax and scope of ἐπεὶ are somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | C | PronType=Rel | 5 ἐστὶν | mark | medium | Conjunction introducing a temporal/causal subordinate clause; exact force depends on context. |
| 2 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-df-g-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἥρας | det | high | |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | X | _ | 4 Ἥρας | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | Ἥρας | Ἥρα | PROPN | Ne-s-g | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|NameType=Gdmn|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the copular predicate, likely expressing possession/association. |
| 5 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-Pai3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐξιόντων | ἔξειμι | VERB | V-Papngp | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἐστὶν | acl | medium | Substantivized genitive masculine/neuter plural participle: 'of those going out'; antecedent and precise relation are context-dependent. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 8 ἀριστερᾷ | case | high | |
| 8 | ἀριστερᾷ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | Afsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐξιόντων | obl | medium | Substantivized feminine dative, 'on/to the left'; ἐν governs the dative. |
| 9 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | Nmsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστὶν. |
| 10 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | Nnsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ναὸς | obj | medium | Accusative form is expected with ἔχων; homographic nominative/accusative neuter. |
| 11 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-Papnms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ναὸς | acl | high | Nominative participle agreeing with ναός. |
| 12 | Παρίου | Πάριος | ADJ | Amsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 λίθου | amod | high | Adjectival ethnic/material modifier: Parian. |
| 13 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | Nmsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive of material with ἄγαλμα. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | punct | high |