Grammar parses for passage 2.13.4
Open translation for this passage
παρὰ δὲ Φλιασίοις τῇ θεῷ ταύτῃ καὶ ἄλλαι τιμαὶ καὶ μέγιστον τὸ ἐς τοὺς ἱκέτας ἐστί·
The clause is paratactic with an implied copular/ellipsis structure; the main difficulty is the syntax around μέγιστον τὸ ἐς τοὺς ἱκέτας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 3 Φλιασίοις | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 ἐστί | cc | high | |
| 3 | Φλιασίοις | Φλιασίοι | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 16 ἐστί | obl | high | Dative with παρά indicating location/among the Phliasians. |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 θεῷ | det | high | |
| 5 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐστί | iobj | medium | Likely dative of reference/interest with ἐστί; contextually the goddess/deity is being referenced. |
| 6 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 θεῷ | det | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 καὶ | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἄλλαι | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 τιμαὶ | amod | high | |
| 9 | τιμαὶ | τιμή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ἐστί | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 μέγιστον | cc | high | |
| 11 | μέγιστον | μέγας | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐστί | obj | low | Agreement is unexpected with τιμαί; may be adverbial/elliptical or a textual/syntactic irregularity. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἱκέτας | det | high | |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 15 ἱκέτας | case | high | |
| 14 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 ἱκέτας | det | high | |
| 15 | ἱκέτας | ἱκέτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 μέγιστον | obl | high | Prepositional phrase dependent on μέγιστον, or possibly on implied ἐστίν. |
| 16 | ἐστί | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐστί | punct | high |
δεδώκασι γὰρ δὴ ἄδειαν ἐνταῦθα ἱκετεύουσι, λυθέντες δὲ οἱ δεσμῶται τὰς πέδας πρὸς τὰ ἐν τῷ ἄλσει δένδρα ἀνατιθέασιν.
The sentence has two coordinated finite clauses with a participial circumstantial clause; the prepositional phrase πρὸς τὰ ἐν τῷ ἄλσει δένδρα is somewhat elliptical, so its attachment is approximate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δεδώκασι | δίδωμι | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 1 δεδώκασι | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 1 δεδώκασι | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ἄδειαν | ἄδεια | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 δεδώκασι | obj | high | Object of δεδώκασι. |
| 5 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D------- | _ | 6 ἱκετεύουσι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἱκετεύουσι. |
| 6 | ἱκετεύουσι | ἱκετεύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 δεδώκασι | advcl | high | Circumstantial clause dependent on δεδώκασι. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δεδώκασι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | λυθέντες | λύω | VERB | V-AEP-1P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 20 ἀνατιθέασιν | advcl | high | Aorist passive participle, agreeing with οἱ δεσμῶται. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 λυθέντες | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-3---MN- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 δεσμῶται | det | high | Article with δεσμῶται. |
| 11 | δεσμῶται | δεσμώτης | NOUN | N-NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 λυθέντες | nsubj | high | Subject of λυθέντες. |
| 12 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | L-3---FA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 πέδας | det | high | Article with πέδας. |
| 13 | πέδας | πέδη | NOUN | N-APF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἀνατιθέασιν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀνατιθέασιν. |
| 14 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 19 δένδρα | case | high | Preposition governing δένδρα. |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-3---NA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 δένδρα | det | high | Article with δένδρα. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 18 ἄλσει | case | high | Preposition governing ἄλσει. |
| 17 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-3---ND- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 ἄλσει | det | high | Article with ἄλσει. |
| 18 | ἄλσει | ἄλσος | NOUN | N-DSN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 δένδρα | nmod | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 19 | δένδρα | δένδρον | NOUN | N-NPN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἀνατιθέασιν | obl | medium | Prepositional phrase πρὸς τὰ ἐν τῷ ἄλσει δένδρα; syntactic role somewhat elliptical, treated as oblique. |
| 20 | ἀνατιθέασιν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 δεδώκασι | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δεδώκασι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἄγεται δὲ καὶ ἑορτή σφισιν ἐπέτειος, ἣν καλοῦσι Κισσοτόμους.
ἑορτή is the subject of ἄγεται, with ἐπέτειος as an attributive adjective; the relative clause ἣν καλοῦσι Κισσοτόμους modifies ἑορτή.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἄγεται | ἄγω | VERB | V-PII3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἄγεται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἑορτή | cc | high | Connects the coordinated subject with an implied/copular relation. |
| 4 | ἑορτή | ἑορτή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἄγεται | nsubj | high | Subject of ἄγεται. |
| 5 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 1 ἄγεται | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/beneficiary; exact relation somewhat loose. |
| 6 | ἐπέτειος | ἐπέτειος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἑορτή | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἑορτή. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἄγεται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 9 καλοῦσι | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to ἑορτή. |
| 9 | καλοῦσι | καλέω | VERB | V-PIA3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 ἄγεται | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying ἑορτή. |
| 10 | Κισσοτόμους | Κισσοτόμοι | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 καλοῦσι | obj | high | Named object of καλοῦσι; form is accusative plural. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἄγεται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἄγαλμα δὲ οὔτε ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ φυλάσσουσιν οὐδὲν οὔτε ἐστὶν ἐν φανερῷ δεικνύμενον---ἐφʼ ὅτῳ δὲ οὕτω νομίζουσιν, ἱερός ἐστιν αὐτοῖς λόγος---,
The sentence is structurally elliptical and parenthetical; the main clause contrasts what is not done with an image, then shifts to a relative-adverbial report introducing a proverb-like statement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 φυλάσσουσιν | obj | high | Subject/topic of the first clause; nominative neuter singular used predicatively in a verbless-like contrast. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 φυλάσσουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 φυλάσσουσιν | cc | high | Correlative coordinator. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 5 ἀπορρήτῳ | case | high | Preposition governing ἀπορρήτῳ. |
| 5 | ἀπορρήτῳ | ἄρρητος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 φυλάσσουσιν | obl | high | Prepositional phrase modifying φυλάσσουσιν. |
| 6 | φυλάσσουσιν | φυλάσσω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 7 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 φυλάσσουσιν | obj | high | Object of φυλάσσουσιν. |
| 8 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 φυλάσσουσιν | cc | high | Correlative coordinator introducing second member. |
| 9 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 φυλάσσουσιν | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 11 φανερῷ | case | high | Preposition governing φανερῷ. |
| 11 | φανερῷ | φανερός | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστὶν | obl | high | Predicate locative/adverbial phrase with ἐστὶν. |
| 12 | δεικνύμενον | δεικνύω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 ἄγαλμα | acl | medium | Participial modifier of ἄγαλμα; syntax somewhat loose in the transmitted wording. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 δεικνύμενον | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 - | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 - | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 16 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 17 ὅτῳ | case | high | Preposition governing ὅτῳ. |
| 17 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 νομίζουσιν | obl | medium | Relative/interrogative dative with ἐπί; exact antecedent not explicit. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 20 νομίζουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 19 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | _ | _ | 20 νομίζουσιν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying νομίζουσιν. |
| 20 | νομίζουσιν | νομίζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 23 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Adverbial clause depending on ἐστιν. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 νομίζουσιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 22 | ἱερός | ἱερός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 λόγος | amod | high | Attributive modifier of λόγος. |
| 23 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 λόγος | cop | high | Copula with λόγος as predicate head. |
| 24 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 λόγος | obl | high | Dative of advantage/reference with λόγος. |
| 25 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 νομίζουσιν | ccomp | high | Subject/predicate nominal within the reported clause. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 λόγος | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 - | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 - | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 λόγος | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
ἐπεὶ τῆς γε Ἥρας ἐστὶν ἐξιόντων ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ναὸς ἄγαλμα ἔχων Παρίου λίθου.
The clause is an existential/copular construction with a genitive subject and a compressed descriptive phrase; the participial modifiers are somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing the clause. |
| 2 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἥρας | det | high | Article modifying Ἥρας. |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | PRT | _ | 4 Ἥρας | discourse | high | Enclitic particle emphasizing the noun phrase. |
| 4 | Ἥρας | Ἥρα | PROPN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of ἐστίν in an impersonal/existential construction. |
| 5 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential main predicate. |
| 6 | ἐξιόντων | ἐξέρχομαι | VERB | V- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 ναὸς | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle modifying ναὸς/scene-setting genitive phrase. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 8 ἀριστερᾷ | case | high | Preposition governing ἀριστερᾷ. |
| 8 | ἀριστερᾷ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | A- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ναὸς | obl | high | Locative/directional dative with ἐν modifying ναὸς. |
| 9 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστίν. |
| 10 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ναὸς | appos | medium | Appositional predicate-like noun describing ναὸς; syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 11 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ναὸς | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying ναός. |
| 12 | Παρίου | Πάριος | ADJ | A- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 λίθου | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of λίθου. |
| 13 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἔχων | obj | medium | Genitive complement with ἔχων, expressing material/content; analysis is somewhat interpretive. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |