Pausanias Analysis

Grammar parses for passage 2.15.2

Grammar › Book 2 › Chapter 2.15 › 2.15.2
← 2.15.12.15.3 →

Passage 2.15.2

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed
108Greek tokens
3,264input tokens
7,631output tokens
Sentence 1

2.15.2 sentence 1

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ἐκ Κλεωνῶν δέ εἰσιν ἐς Ἄργος ὁδοὶ δύο, ἡ μὲν ἀνδράσιν εὐζώνοις καὶ ἔστιν ἐπίτομος, ἡ δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ καλουμένου Τρητοῦ, στενὴ μὲν καὶ αὐτὴ περιεχόντων ὀρῶν, ὀχήμασι δέ ἐστιν ὅμως ἐπιτηδειοτέρα.

The two coordinated ἡ μέν/ἡ δέ road descriptions depend on the initial existential εἰσιν; the second contains compressed predication and a participial phrase involving περιεχόντων ὀρῶν, whose exact attachment is somewhat uncertain.

punct conj nsubj obl punct xcomp conj nsubj obl case nsubj obl case nsubj punct obl punct punct obl xcomp cc case nmod nummod discourse obl cc xcomp cc det acl discourse advmod acl cc advmod root 1 ἐκ ἐκ / ADP 2 Κλεωνῶν Κλεωναί / PROPN 3 δέ δέ / CCONJ 4 εἰσιν εἰμί / VERB 5 ἐς εἰς / ADP 6 Ἄργος Ἄργος / PROPN 7 ὁδοὶ ὁδός / NOUN 8 δύο δύο / NUM 9 , , / PUNCT 10 ἡ ὁ / DET 11 μὲν μέν / PART 12 ἀνδράσιν ἀνήρ / NOUN 13 εὐζώνοις εὔζωνος / ADJ 14 καὶ καί / CCONJ 15 ἔστιν εἰμί / VERB 16 ἐπίτομος ἐπίτομος / ADJ 17 , , / PUNCT 18 ἡ ὁ / DET 19 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 20 ἐπὶ ἐπί / ADP 21 τοῦ ὁ / DET 22 καλουμένου καλέω / VERB 23 Τρητοῦ Τρητός / PROPN 24 , , / PUNCT 25 στενὴ στενός / ADJ 26 μὲν μέν / PART 27 καὶ καί / CCONJ 28 αὐτὴ αὐτός / PRON 29 περιεχόντων περιέχω / VERB 30 ὀρῶν ὄρος / NOUN 31 , , / PUNCT 32 ὀχήμασι ὄχημα / NOUN 33 δέ δέ / CCONJ 34 ἐστιν εἰμί / VERB 35 ὅμως ὅμως / ADV 36 ἐπιτηδειοτέρα ἐπιτήδειος / ADJ 37 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ἐκἐκADPPREPCase=GEN4 εἰσινcasehigh
2ΚλεωνῶνΚλεωναίPROPNN--GFP-Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur4 εἰσινoblhighPlace name in the genitive after ἐκ.
3δέδέCCONJC--------_4 εἰσινcchigh
4εἰσινεἰμίVERBV-PAI-3--Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighExistential/presentational predicate.
5ἐςεἰςADPPREPCase=ACC6 Ἄργοςcasehigh
6ἌργοςἌργοςPROPNN--ANS--Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing7 ὁδοὶnmodhighDestination of the roads.
7ὁδοὶὁδόςNOUNN-NPF---Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur4 εἰσινnsubjhigh
8δύοδύοNUMM----NF-Case=Nom|Number=Plur7 ὁδοὶnummodhighNumeral modifying ὁδοί.
9,,PUNCTPUNC_7 ὁδοὶpuncthigh
10ἡὁDETL--NSF--Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing15 ἔστινnsubjhighFirst road resumed by article/noun phrase.
11μὲνμένPARTD--------_10 ἡdiscoursehigh
12ἀνδράσινἀνήρNOUNN-DMP---Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur13 εὐζώνοιςoblmediumDative of accompaniment or suitability with εὔζωνος.
13εὐζώνοιςεὔζωνοςADJA-DMP---Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur10 ἡoblmediumAdjectival dative phrase, literally suitable for well-girt men; syntax is somewhat compressed.
14καὶκαίCCONJC--------_15 ἔστινcchigh
15ἔστινεἰμίVERBV-PAI-3--Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act7 ὁδοὶconjhighPredicate of the first coordinated road description.
16ἐπίτομοςἐπίτομοςADJA--NSF--Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing15 ἔστινxcomphighPredicate adjective.
17,,PUNCTPUNC_15 ἔστινpuncthigh
18ἡὁDETL--NSF--Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing34 ἐστινnsubjhighSecond road resumed by article/noun phrase.
19δὲδέCCONJC--------_18 ἡcchigh
20ἐπὶἐπίADPPREPCase=GEN23 Τρητοῦcasehigh
21τοῦὁDETL--GSM--Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing22 καλουμένουdethigh
22καλουμένουκαλέωVERBV-PPM-GSMCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass23 ΤρητοῦaclhighSubstantivized passive participle.
23ΤρητοῦΤρητόςPROPNN--GSM--Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing34 ἐστινoblhighPlace name governed by ἐπί.
24,,PUNCTPUNC_34 ἐστινpuncthigh
25στενὴστενόςADJA--NSF--Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing34 ἐστινxcomphighPredicate adjective for the second road.
26μὲνμένPARTD--------_25 στενὴdiscoursehigh
27καὶκαίCCONJC--------_28 αὐτὴadvmodmediumAdverbial καί, ‘also/even’.
28αὐτὴαὐτόςPRONP--NSF--Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs25 στενὴnsubjmediumIntensive pronoun, ‘itself’; elliptical copular predication.
29περιεχόντωνπεριέχωVERBV-PAP-GPNCase=Gen|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act30 ὀρῶνaclmediumGenitive absolute-like participial phrase; formal attachment is uncertain.
30ὀρῶνὄροςNOUNN-GPN---Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur25 στενὴoblmediumGenitive with περιεχόντων, ‘surrounding mountains’.
31,,PUNCTPUNC_34 ἐστινpuncthigh
32ὀχήμασιὄχημαNOUNN-DPN---Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur34 ἐστινoblhighDative of respect, ‘for vehicles’.
33δέδέCCONJC--------_34 ἐστινcchigh
34ἐστινεἰμίVERBV-PAI-3--Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act7 ὁδοὶconjhighPredicate of the second road description.
35ὅμωςὅμωςADVD--------_36 ἐπιτηδειοτέραadvmodhigh
36ἐπιτηδειοτέραἐπιτήδειοςADJA--NSF-CCase=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing34 ἐστινxcomphighComparative predicate adjective.
37..PUNCTPUNC_4 εἰσινpuncthigh
Sentence 2

2.15.2 sentence 2

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ἐν τούτοις τοῖς ὄρεσι τὸ σπήλαιον ἔτι δείκνυται τοῦ λέοντος, καὶ ἡ Νεμέα τὸ χωρίον ἀπέχει σταδίους πέντε που καὶ δέκα.

The first clause has an existential/passive presentation construction: τὸ σπήλαιον is the subject of δείκνυται, with τοῦ λέοντος dependent genitive. In the second clause, ἡ Νεμέα is the subject of ἀπέχει, τὸ χωρίον is the accusative extent/location complement, and σταδίους πέντε που καὶ δέκα expresses an approximate distance.

punct conj cc obl nmod conj case punct nsubj det nsubj:pass advmod det det advmod det det det obj obl nummod cc root 1 ἐν ἐν / ADP 2 τούτοις οὗτος / DET 3 τοῖς ὁ / DET 4 ὄρεσι ὄρος / NOUN 5 τὸ ὁ / DET 6 σπήλαιον σπήλαιον / NOUN 7 ἔτι ἔτι / ADV 8 δείκνυται δείκνυμι / VERB 9 τοῦ ὁ / DET 10 λέοντος λέων / NOUN 11 , , / PUNCT 12 καὶ καί / CCONJ 13 ἡ ὁ / DET 14 Νεμέα Νεμέα / PROPN 15 τὸ ὁ / DET 16 χωρίον χωρίον / NOUN 17 ἀπέχει ἀπέχω / VERB 18 σταδίους στάδιον / NOUN 19 πέντε πέντε / NUM 20 που που / ADV 21 καὶ καί / CCONJ 22 δέκα δέκα / NUM 23 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ἐνἐνADPPREP_4 ὄρεσιcasehigh
2τούτοιςοὗτοςDETD-DPNCase=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem4 ὄρεσιdethigh
3τοῖςὁDETT-DPNCase=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art4 ὄρεσιdethigh
4ὄρεσιὄροςNOUNN-DPNCase=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur8 δείκνυταιoblhighἐν-phrase locative.
5τὸὁDETT-NSNCase=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art6 σπήλαιονdethigh
6σπήλαιονσπήλαιονNOUNN-NSNCase=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing8 δείκνυταιnsubj:passmediumSyntactic subject of δείκνυται; passive/medio-passive sense is contextually presentational.
7ἔτιἔτιADVADV_8 δείκνυταιadvmodhigh
8δείκνυταιδείκνυμιVERBV-3SPI-M/PMood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid0 ROOTrootmediumForm is morphologically present middle/passive indicative; construed here as ‘is shown/is pointed out’.
9τοῦὁDETT-GSMCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art10 λέοντοςdethigh
10λέοντοςλέωνNOUNN-GSMCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing6 σπήλαιονnmodhighGenitive dependent on σπήλαιον, ‘of the lion’.
11,,PUNCT__8 δείκνυταιpuncthigh
12καὶκαίCCONJCONJ_17 ἀπέχειcchighCoordinates the second clause.
13ἡὁDETT-NSFCase=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art14 Νεμέαdethigh
14ΝεμέαΝεμέαPROPNN-NSFCase=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing17 ἀπέχειnsubjhigh
15τὸὁDETT-ASNCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art16 χωρίονdethigh
16χωρίονχωρίονNOUNN-ASNCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing17 ἀπέχειobjmediumAccusative complement of ἀπέχει; likely the place/distance reference (‘is distant from the place’).
17ἀπέχειἀπέχωVERBV-3SPIAMood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act8 δείκνυταιconjhigh
18σταδίουςστάδιονNOUNN-APMCase=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur17 ἀπέχειoblhighAccusative measure of distance.
19πέντεπέντεNUMN-APCase=Acc|Number=Plur18 σταδίουςnummodhigh
20πουπουADVADV_18 σταδίουςadvmodhighApproximating adverb, ‘about’.
21καὶκαίCCONJCONJ_22 δέκαcchigh
22δέκαδέκαNUMN-APCase=Acc|Number=Plur18 σταδίουςconjhighCoordinate numeral in the distance phrase.
23..PUNCT__8 δείκνυταιpuncthigh
Sentence 3

2.15.2 sentence 3

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ἐν δὲ αὐτῇ Νεμείου τε Διὸς ναός ἐστι θέας ἄξιος, πλὴν ὅσον κατερρυήκει τε ὁ ὄροφος καὶ ἄγαλμα οὐδὲν ἔτι ἐλείπετο·

The πλὴν ὅσον clause limits the description: the roof had collapsed and no statue remained; κατερρυήκει and ἐλείπετο are coordinated damage predicates.

punct conj case cc parataxis obl cc punct nsubj nsubj amod xcomp case nsubj cc nmod nsubj obl advmod cc det advmod root 1 ἐν ἐν / ADP 2 δὲ δέ / CCONJ 3 αὐτῇ αὐτός / PRON 4 Νεμείου Νεμείος / ADJ 5 τε τε / CCONJ 6 Διὸς Ζεύς / PROPN 7 ναός ναός / NOUN 8 ἐστι εἰμί / AUX 9 θέας θέα / NOUN 10 ἄξιος ἄξιος / ADJ 11 , , / PUNCT 12 πλὴν πλήν / ADP 13 ὅσον ὅσος / PRON 14 κατερρυήκει καταρρέω / VERB 15 τε τε / CCONJ 16 ὁ ὁ / DET 17 ὄροφος ὄροφος / NOUN 18 καὶ καί / CCONJ 19 ἄγαλμα ἄγαλμα / NOUN 20 οὐδὲν οὐδείς / PRON 21 ἔτι ἔτι / ADV 22 ἐλείπετο λείπω / VERB 23 · · / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ἐνἐνADPR-_8 ἐστιcasehigh
2δὲδέCCONJC-_8 ἐστιcchighPostpositive connective.
3αὐτῇαὐτόςPRONPp3fsCase=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs8 ἐστιoblhighDative with ἐν.
4ΝεμείουΝεμείοςADJA-Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing6 ΔιὸςamodmediumAdjectival form agreeing with Διός; ‘Nemean’.
5τετεCCONJC-_6 ΔιὸςcchighCorrelative/connecting particle.
6ΔιὸςΖεύςPROPNNe-smCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing7 ναόςnmodhighGenitive dependent on ναός.
7ναόςναόςNOUNNb-smCase=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing8 ἐστιnsubjhigh
8ἐστιεἰμίAUXV3spia---Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighCopular root.
9θέαςθέαNOUNNb-sgCase=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing10 ἄξιοςoblhighGenitive of respect with ἄξιος.
10ἄξιοςἄξιοςADJA-Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing8 ἐστιxcomphighPredicative adjective.
11,,PUNCT__8 ἐστιpuncthigh
12πλὴνπλήνADPR-_14 κατερρυήκειcasemediumException/limitation marker introducing ὅσον clause.
13ὅσονὅσοςPRONPr--saCase=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel14 κατερρυήκειadvmodmediumRelatival extent/degree expression with πλήν.
14κατερρυήκεικαταρρέωVERBV3slia---Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act8 ἐστιparataxismediumPluperfect describing the roof’s collapse; subject follows.
15τετεCCONJC-_14 κατερρυήκειcchighCoordinates the two damage predicates.
16ὁὁDETS---nmCase=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art17 ὄροφοςdethigh
17ὄροφοςὄροφοςNOUNNb-smCase=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing14 κατερρυήκειnsubjhigh
18καὶκαίCCONJC-_22 ἐλείπετοcchighCoordinates the second predicate.
19ἄγαλμαἄγαλμαNOUNNb-snCase=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing22 ἐλείπετοnsubjhigh
20οὐδὲνοὐδείςPRONPx---naCase=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind22 ἐλείπετοnsubjmediumSubstantival negative pronoun, ‘nothing/no statue’; its form is nominative neuter.
21ἔτιἔτιADVD-_22 ἐλείπετοadvmodhigh
22ἐλείπετολείπωVERBV3siie---Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid14 κατερρυήκειconjhighCoordinated predicate, with οὐδὲν as subject.
23··PUNCT__8 ἐστιpuncthigh
Sentence 4

2.15.2 sentence 4

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κυπαρίσσων τε ἄλσος ἐστὶ περὶ τὸν ναόν, καὶ τὸν Ὀφέλτην ἐνταῦθα ὑπὸ τῆς τροφοῦ τεθέντα ἐς τὴν πόαν διαφθαρῆναι λέγουσιν ὑπὸ τοῦ δράκοντος.

The sentence has a locative existential clause coordinated with the report that Opheltes, having been placed in the grass by his nurse, was destroyed there by the dragon; τε links κυπαρίσσων with the following coordinated clause.

cc conj obj advmod punct acl obl:agent punct obl obl nmod case case case case cc nsubj det det det obl:agent det xcomp det root 1 κυπαρίσσων κυπάρισσος / NOUN 2 τε τε / CCONJ 3 ἄλσος ἄλσος / NOUN 4 ἐστὶ εἰμί / AUX 5 περὶ περί / ADP 6 τὸν ὁ / DET 7 ναόν ναός / NOUN 8 , , / PUNCT 9 καὶ καί / CCONJ 10 τὸν ὁ / DET 11 Ὀφέλτην Ὀφέλτης / PROPN 12 ἐνταῦθα ἐνταῦθα / ADV 13 ὑπὸ ὑπό / ADP 14 τῆς ὁ / DET 15 τροφοῦ τροφος / NOUN 16 τεθέντα τίθημι / VERB 17 ἐς εἰς / ADP 18 τὴν ὁ / DET 19 πόαν πόα / NOUN 20 διαφθαρῆναι διαφθείρω / VERB 21 λέγουσιν λέγω / VERB 22 ὑπὸ ὑπό / ADP 23 τοῦ ὁ / DET 24 δράκοντος δράκων / NOUN 25 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1κυπαρίσσωνκυπάρισσοςNOUNN-—-GPMCase=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur3 ἄλσοςnmodhighGenitive plural dependent on ἄλσος, ‘a grove of cypresses’.
2τετεCCONJC--------_3 ἄλσοςccmediumPostpositive connective; coordination scope is somewhat broad.
3ἄλσοςἄλσοςNOUNN----NN-Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing4 ἐστὶnsubjhighSubject of existential ἐστὶ.
4ἐστὶεἰμίAUXV3SPIA---Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighExistential/copular predicate.
5περὶπερίADPR--------_7 ναόνcasehighPreposition governing accusative τὸν ναόν.
6τὸνὁDETL----ASM-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing7 ναόνdethigh
7ναόνναόςNOUNN----ASM-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing4 ἐστὶoblhighLocative oblique complement of ἐστὶ.
8,,PUNCT__4 ἐστὶpuncthigh
9καὶκαίCCONJC--------_21 λέγουσινcchighCoordinates the reported clause with the preceding clause.
10τὸνὁDETL----ASM-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing11 Ὀφέλτηνdethigh
11ὈφέλτηνὈφέλτηςPROPNNe----ASM-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing20 διαφθαρῆναιobjhighAccusative subject of the infinitive, also object of λέγουσιν through accusative-and-infinitive construction.
12ἐνταῦθαἐνταῦθαADVD--------_20 διαφθαρῆναιadvmodhighLocative adverb, ‘there’.
13ὑπὸὑπόADPR--------_15 τροφοῦcasehighAgent preposition governing τῆς τροφοῦ.
14τῆςὁDETL----GSF-Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing15 τροφοῦdethigh
15τροφοῦτροφοςNOUNN----GSF-Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing16 τεθένταobl:agenthighAgent of τεθέντα.
16τεθέντατίθημιVERBV--APPASM-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass20 διαφθαρῆναιaclhighAorist passive participle modifying Ὀφέλτην, ‘having been placed’.
17ἐςεἰςADPR--------_19 πόανcasehighPreposition governing accusative τὴν πόαν.
18τὴνὁDETL----ASF-Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing19 πόανdethigh
19πόανπόαNOUNN----ASF-Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing16 τεθένταoblhighGoal/location complement of τεθέντα.
20διαφθαρῆναιδιαφθείρωVERBV--ANP---Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass21 λέγουσινxcomphighInfinitive in the accusative-and-infinitive complement of λέγουσιν.
21λέγουσινλέγωVERBV3PPIA---Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act9 καὶconjhighFinite reporting verb coordinated by καὶ.
22ὑπὸὑπόADPR--------_24 δράκοντοςcasehighAgent preposition governing τοῦ δράκοντος.
23τοῦὁDETL----GSM-Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing24 δράκοντοςdethigh
24δράκοντοςδράκωνNOUNN----GSM-Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing20 διαφθαρῆναιobl:agenthighAgent of διαφθαρῆναι.
25..PUNCT__21 λέγουσινpuncthigh
← 2.15.12.15.3 →