Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 2.15.4

← 2.15.3 2.15.5 →

Passage 2.15.4

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

72Greek tokens

2,450input tokens

5,503output tokens

Sentence 1

2.15.4 sentence 1

Tokens: 17
Input: 746
Output: 1,394
Total: 2,140

ἀνελθοῦσι δὲ ἐς τὸν Τρητὸν καὶ αὖθις τὴν ἐς Ἄργος ἰοῦσίν ἐστι Μυκηνῶν ἐρείπια ἐν ἀριστερᾷ.

The sentence is an elliptical locative construction: Μυκηνῶν ἐρείπια ἐστιν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ, with ἀνελθοῦσι and ἰοῦσιν agreeing with an understood traveler plural; τὴν ἐς Ἄργος ἰοῦσαν is understood as the road/path going to Argos, with the supplied form ἰοῦσίν likely reflecting sandhi or textual variation.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἀνελθοῦσι	ἀνέρχομαι	VERB	V-2AAP-DPN	Case=Dative\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Plural\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	5 Τρητὸν	advcl	medium	Aorist active dative plural participle, probably agreeing with an understood plural traveler subject; syntactically circumstantial.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἀνελθοῦσι	cc	high
3	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	5 Τρητὸν	case	high	Variant form of εἰς.
4	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Singular	5 Τρητὸν	det	high
5	Τρητὸν	Τρητός	PROPN	A-ASM	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Singular	12 ἐστι	obl	medium	Toponym, governed by ἐς; likely object of the directional phrase.
6	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 τὴν	cc	high
7	αὖθις	αὖθις	ADV	D౿ADV	_	11 ἰοῦσίν	advmod	high
8	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Singular	11 ἰοῦσίν	det	high	Article belongs with an understood feminine noun such as ὁδόν.
9	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	10 Ἄργος	case	high	Variant form of εἰς.
10	Ἄργος	Ἄργος	PROPN	N-ASN	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Singular	11 ἰοῦσίν	obl	high	Directional accusative with ἐς.
11	ἰοῦσίν	εἶμι	VERB	V-PAP-NSF	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Fem\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Singular\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	5 Τρητὸν	conj	low	Form appears textually anomalous with final ν; interpreted as ἰοῦσαν, agreeing with understood ὁδόν and modifying τὴν.
12	ἐστι	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=3\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular/locative predicate with postposed subject ἐρείπια; singular verb with neuter plural subject is possible in Greek.
13	Μυκηνῶν	Μυκήνη	PROPN	N-GPF	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plural	14 ἐρείπια	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἐρείπια.
14	ἐρείπια	ἐρείπιον	NOUN	N-NPN	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plural	12 ἐστι	nsubj	high	Predicate/subject noun in the locative existential construction.
15	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	16 ἀριστερᾷ	case	high
16	ἀριστερᾷ	ἀριστερός	ADJ	A-DSF	Case=Dative\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Singular	12 ἐστι	obl	high	Substantivized feminine dative, ‘on the left’; understood πλευρᾷ or χειρί.
17	.	.	PUNCT	U	_	12 ἐστι	punct	high

Sentence 2

2.15.4 sentence 2

Tokens: 27
Input: 854
Output: 2,009
Total: 2,863

καὶ ὅτι μὲν Περσεὺς ἐγένετο Μυκηνῶν οἰκιστής, ἴσασιν Ἕλληνες· ἐγὼ δὲ αἰτίαν τε γράψω τοῦ οἰκισμοῦ καὶ διʼ ἥντινα πρόφασιν Ἀργεῖοι Μυκηναίους ὕστερον ἀνέστησαν.

First clause is a μέν-marked ὅτι content clause, with Περσεὺς subject and οἰκιστής predicate nominative; the second clause coordinates γράψω with two objects, αἰτίαν and an explicit διʼ ἥντινα πρόφασιν clause modifying the reason/circumstance, while Ἀργεῖοι is subject of ἀνέστησαν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	9 ἴσασιν	cc	high
2	ὅτι	ὅτι	SCONJ	Conj	_	9 ἴσασιν	mark	high	Introduces the content clause.
3	μὲν	μέν	PART	Particle	_	2 ὅτι	advmod	high	Correlative μέν with δέ.
4	Περσεὺς	Περσεύς	PROPN	N--SMN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 ἐγένετο	nsubj	high
5	ἐγένετο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-2ADI-S--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	9 ἴσασιν	ccomp	high	Aorist middle, ‘became’.
6	Μυκηνῶν	Μυκήνη	PROPN	N--PGF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	7 οἰκιστής	nmod	high	Genitive of the place/community governed by οἰκιστής.
7	οἰκιστής	οἰκιστής	NOUN	N--SMN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 ἐγένετο	predicative	high	Predicate nominative with ἐγένετο.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 ἴσασιν	punct	high
9	ἴσασιν	οἶδα	VERB	V-RAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Perfect-form verb with present meaning.
10	Ἕλληνες	Ἕλλην	PROPN	N--PMN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 ἴσασιν	nsubj	high	Ethnic noun used as a collective proper designation.
11	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	9 ἴσασιν	punct	high
12	ἐγὼ	ἐγώ	PRON	P-1NS---	Case=Nom\|Number=Sing\|Person=1	16 γράψω	nsubj	high	Explicit subject of γράψω.
13	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conj	_	16 γράψω	cc	high	Adversative coordinator continuing from μέν.
14	αἰτίαν	αἰτία	NOUN	N--SFA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 γράψω	obj	high	First object of γράψω.
15	τε	τε	CCONJ	Conj	_	14 αἰτίαν	cc	high	Coordinates the two things written/explained.
16	γράψω	γράφω	VERB	V-FAI-1S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Act	9 ἴσασιν	conj	high	Future indicative coordinated with ἴσασιν.
17	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L-SGNG	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 οἰκισμοῦ	det	high
18	οἰκισμοῦ	οἰκισμός	NOUN	N--SMG	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 αἰτίαν	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on αἰτίαν: cause/reason of the settlement.
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	22 πρόφασιν	cc	high	Coordinates the two accusative objects/phrases.
20	διʼ	διά	ADP	R--------	_	22 πρόφασιν	case	high	Elided form of διά before vowel.
21	ἥντινα	ὅστις	DET	P-SFA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 πρόφασιν	det	medium	Indefinite relative determiner agreeing with πρόφασιν; some analyses tag it PRON.
22	πρόφασιν	πρόφασις	NOUN	N--SFA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 γράψω	obl	high	Accusative object-like phrase governed by διά, coordinated with αἰτίαν.
23	Ἀργεῖοι	Ἀργεῖος	PROPN	N--PMN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 ἀνέστησαν	nsubj	high
24	Μυκηναίους	Μυκηναῖος	PROPN	N--PMA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 ἀνέστησαν	obj	high
25	ὕστερον	ὕστερον	ADV	D--------	_	26 ἀνέστησαν	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
26	ἀνέστησαν	ἀνίστημι	VERB	V-2AAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	22 πρόφασιν	acl:relcl	medium	Finite clause understood as specifying the circumstance/reason introduced by ἥντινα πρόφασιν; relation is structurally debatable.
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	9 ἴσασιν	punct	high

Sentence 3

2.15.4 sentence 3

Tokens: 28
Input: 850
Output: 2,100
Total: 2,950

ἐν γὰρ τῇ νῦν Ἀργολίδι ὀνομαζομένῃ τὰ μὲν ἔτι παλαιότερα οὐ μνημονεύουσιν, Ἴναχον δὲ βασιλεύοντα τόν τε ποταμὸν ἀφʼ αὑτοῦ λέγουσιν ὀνομάσαι καὶ θῦσαι τῇ Ἥρᾳ.

The sentence has an impersonal μνημονεύουσιν with τὰ ... παλαιότερα as object, followed by λέγουσιν governing the accusative-and-infinitive construction Ἴναχον ... ὀνομάσαι καὶ θῦσαι; Ἴναχον is the accusative subject of both infinitives, with βασιλεύοντα as an agreeing participle.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	AdpType=Prep	5 Ἀργολίδι	case	high
2	γὰρ	γάρ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 μνημονεύουσιν	discourse	high	Postpositive explanatory conjunction.
3	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ὀνομαζομένῃ	det	high
4	νῦν	νῦν	ADV	ADV	_	6 ὀνομαζομένῃ	advmod	high
5	Ἀργολίδι	Ἀργολίς	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ὀνομαζομένῃ	obl	medium	Substantivized/elliptical with ὀνομαζομένῃ: ‘the region now called Argolid’.
6	ὀνομαζομένῃ	ὀνομάζω	VERB	V-PPM-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	12 μνημονεύουσιν	obl	high	Attributive passive participle modifying τῇ ... Ἀργολίδι.
7	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	10 παλαιότερα	det	high
8	μὲν	μέν	PART	CONJ	_	12 μνημονεύουσιν	discourse	high	Correlative μέν, with δέ in token 15.
9	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	ADV	_	10 παλαιότερα	advmod	high
10	παλαιότερα	παλαιός	ADJ	A-NPN-CMP	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 μνημονεύουσιν	obj	medium	Neuter plural substantivized; object of μνημονεύουσιν. Case may be nominative in some analyses, but accusative is syntactically preferable here.
11	οὐ	οὐ	PART	否定	Polarity=Neg	12 μνημονεύουσιν	advmod	high
12	μνημονεύουσιν	μνημονεύω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Impersonal/plural active with unexpressed subject.
13	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	12 μνημονεύουσιν	punct	high
14	Ἴναχον	Ἴναχος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 λέγουσιν	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitival clause.
15	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	22 λέγουσιν	cc	high	Correlative with μέν in token 8.
16	βασιλεύοντα	βασιλεύω	VERB	V-PAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	14 Ἴναχον	acl	high	Accusative participle agreeing with Ἴναχον.
17	τόν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ποταμὸν	det	high
18	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	19 ποταμὸν	cc	high	Correlative τε linking ποταμόν with the following coordinated object.
19	ποταμὸν	ποταμός	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 ὀνομάσαι	obj	high	Object of ὀνομάσαι.
20	ἀφʼ	ἀπό	ADP	PREP	AdpType=Prep	21 αὑτοῦ	case	high
21	αὑτοῦ	ἑαυτοῦ	PRON	P-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs\|Reflex=Yes	23 ὀνομάσαι	obl	high	Reflexive genitive governed by ἀπό.
22	λέγουσιν	λέγω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Second coordinated finite predicate; a single-root analysis could attach it conjunctively to μνημονεύουσιν.
23	ὀνομάσαι	ὀνομάζω	VERB	V-AAI	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	22 λέγουσιν	xcomp	high	Infinitive in the accusative-and-infinitive complement of λέγουσιν.
24	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	25 θῦσαι	cc	high
25	θῦσαι	θύω	VERB	V-AAI	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	23 ὀνομάσαι	conj	high	Coordinated infinitive, sharing accusative subject Ἴναχον.
26	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 Ἥρᾳ	det	high
27	Ἥρᾳ	Ἥρα	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 θῦσαι	obl	high	Dative recipient/deity of sacrifice.
28	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	22 λέγουσιν	punct	high

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