Grammar parses for passage 2.16.1
Open translation for this passage
Ἄργος δὲ Φορωνέως θυγατριδοῦς βασιλεύσας μετὰ Φορωνέα ὠνόμασεν ἀφʼ αὑτοῦ τὴν χώραν.
The participial clause βασιλεύσας μετὰ Φορωνέα is predicated of Ἄργος; θυγατριδοῦς with Φορωνέως gives his kinship identity. βασιλεύσας is aorist active, not present.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄργος | Ἄργος | PROPN | Neut-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ὠνόμασεν | nsubj | high | Personal name, subject of ὠνόμασεν; nominative form coincides with the city name. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 ὠνόμασεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Φορωνέως | Φορωνεύς | PROPN | Masc-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 θυγατριδοῦς | nmod | high | Genitive patronymic/kinship modifier of θυγατριδοῦς. |
| 4 | θυγατριδοῦς | θυγατριδοῦς | NOUN | Masc-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 βασιλεύσας | nsubj | medium | Grandson through a daughter; nominative subject of the participle, agreeing with Ἄργος. |
| 5 | βασιλεύσας | βασιλεύω | VERB | PresActPart-Nom-Masc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ὠνόμασεν | advcl | high | Aorist-form ambiguity is absent here: βασιλεύσας is an aorist active participle, expressing prior accession/reign. |
| 6 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | Prep | _ | 7 Φορωνέα | case | high | With accusative, meaning 'after'. |
| 7 | Φορωνέα | Φορωνεύς | PROPN | Masc-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 βασιλεύσας | obl | high | Object of μετά in the temporal phrase. |
| 8 | ὠνόμασεν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | AorActInd-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 9 | ἀφʼ | ἀπό | ADP | Prep | _ | 10 αὑτοῦ | case | high | Elided form of ἀπό; governs the genitive. |
| 10 | αὑτοῦ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | Reflexive-Gen-Masc-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 8 ὠνόμασεν | obl | high | Reflexive genitive with ἀπό, referring to Ἄργος. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Fem-Sg | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 χώραν | det | high | Article agreeing with χώραν. |
| 12 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | Fem-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ὠνόμασεν | obj | high | Direct object of ὠνόμασεν. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὠνόμασεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Ἄργου δὲ Πείρασος γίνεται καὶ Φόρβας.
The sentence has coordinated nominative names as subjects of γίνεται; Ἄργου is a genitive dependent on the first name, expressing origin or association.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄργου | Ἄργος | PROPN | Neut;Gen;Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 Πείρασος | nmod | high | Genitive of origin/association: ‘of Argos’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 3 Πείρασος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Πείρασος | Πείρασος | PROPN | Masc;Nom;Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 γίνεται | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject of γίνεται. |
| 4 | γίνεται | γίγνομαι | VERB | Pres;Ind;Mid;3;Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Present middle, existential/ genealogical sense: ‘comes/is [from]’. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 6 Φόρβας | cc | high | Coordinates the second proper-name subject. |
| 6 | Φόρβας | Φόρβας | PROPN | Masc;Nom;Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 γίνεται | conj | high | Coordinated nominative proper-name subject. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 γίνεται | punct | high |
Φόρβαντος δὲ Τριόπας, Τριόπα δὲ Ἴασος καὶ Ἀγήνωρ.
Elliptical genealogy: Τριόπας is understood as son of Φόρβας, while Ἴασος and Ἀγήνωρ are understood as sons of Τριόπας; the omitted verb makes the exact dependency structure partly schematic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φόρβαντος | Φόρβας | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Τριόπας | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive name: 'of Phorbas'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 Τριόπας | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Τριόπας | Τριόπας | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | First member of an elliptical genealogical clause. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 Τριόπας | punct | high | |
| 5 | Τριόπα | Τριόπας | PROPN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἴασος | obj | high | Accusative in the elliptical genealogy, understood as object of an omitted 'begot' verb. |
| 6 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 Ἴασος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 7 | Ἴασος | Ἴασος | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | conj | medium | Second elliptical genealogical clause coordinated with the first; treated as a second root-like conjunct. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 Ἀγήνωρ | cc | high | Coordinates Ἀγήνωρ with the preceding genealogical name. |
| 9 | Ἀγήνωρ | Ἀγήνωρ | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἴασος | conj | medium | Further coordinated name in the elliptical genealogy. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 Τριόπας | punct | high |
Ἰὼ μὲν οὖν Ἰάσου θυγάτηρ, εἴτε ὡς Ἡρόδοτος ἔγραψεν εἴτε καθʼ ὃ λέγουσιν Ἕλληνες, ἐς Αἴγυπτον ἀφικνεῖται.
The main predicate is ἀφικνεῖται with subject θυγάτηρ and appositional/name subject Ἰώ; the εἴτε...εἴτε clauses qualify the manner/source of the tradition. καθʼ ὃ introduces a relative clause, with ὃ as the object of λέγουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἰὼ | Ἰώ | PROPN | Ne-s---fn | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 θυγάτηρ | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 19 ἀφικνεῖται | discourse | high | Correlative particle; οὖν follows. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | D-------- | _ | 19 ἀφικνεῖται | discourse | high | |
| 4 | Ἰάσου | Ἰάσος | PROPN | Ne-s---mg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 θυγάτηρ | nmod | high | |
| 5 | θυγάτηρ | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | Ncfsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀφικνεῖται | nsubj | high | Appositional nominal identifying Ἰώ. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 θυγάτηρ | punct | high | |
| 7 | εἴτε | εἴτε | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἀφικνεῖται | advcl | high | First member of εἴτε...εἴτε alternative. |
| 8 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἔγραψεν | mark | high | Introduces reported manner/content clause. |
| 9 | Ἡρόδοτος | Ἡρόδοτος | PROPN | Ne-s---mn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἔγραψεν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | ἔγραψεν | γράφω | VERB | V3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 εἴτε | ccomp | high | |
| 11 | εἴτε | εἴτε | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἀφικνεῖται | advcl | high | Second member of εἴτε...εἴτε alternative. |
| 12 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 λέγουσιν | case | high | Elided form of κατά before relative pronoun. |
| 13 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P---san-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 λέγουσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of λέγουσιν; κατά governs the relative phrase. |
| 14 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V3paia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 εἴτε | ccomp | high | |
| 15 | Ἕλληνες | Ἕλλην | PROPN | Ne-p---mn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 λέγουσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἀφικνεῖται | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Αἴγυπτον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 18 | Αἴγυπτον | Αἴγυπτος | PROPN | Ne-s---fa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀφικνεῖται | obl | high | Directional destination. |
| 19 | ἀφικνεῖται | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V3spim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἀφικνεῖται | punct | high |
Κρότωπος δὲ ὁ Ἀγήνορος ἔσχε μετὰ Ἴασον τὴν ἀρχήν.
Κρότωπος is the subject; Ἀγήνορος is a genitive patronymic/appositional modifier of Κρότωπος. ἔσχε governs ἀρχήν, while μετὰ with accusative Ἴασον means ‘after/along with Jason’; the exact temporal versus associative nuance is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κρότωπος | Κρότωπος | PROPN | Ne | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔσχε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 5 ἔσχε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---NM-S- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀγήνορος | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀγήνορος | Ἀγήνωρ | PROPN | Ne | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Κρότωπος | nmod | high | Patronymic/appositional genitive modifying Κρότωπος. |
| 5 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | V3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R | _ | 7 Ἴασον | case | high | With accusative; temporal or associative interpretation. |
| 7 | Ἴασον | Ἰάσων | PROPN | Ne | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔσχε | obl | medium | Accusative complement of μετά. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---AF-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀρχήν | det | high | |
| 9 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | Nb | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἔσχε | obj | high | |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔσχε | punct | high |
Κροτώπου δὲ Σθενέλας γίνεται, Δαναὸς δʼ ἀπʼ Αἰγύπτου πλεύσας ἐπὶ Γελάνορα τὸν Σθενέλα τοὺς ἀπογόνους τοὺς Ἀγήνορος βασιλείας ἔπαυσεν.
The sentence has a preceding genealogical clause (Κροτώπου ... γίνεται) and a main clause in which Δαναός, after sailing from Egypt, displaced Gelanor (identified as Σθενέλα) and ended the descendants of Agenor's rule; the attachment of βασιλείας is somewhat syntactically uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κροτώπου | Κρότωπος | PROPN | Neosg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 γίνεται | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 4 γίνεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | Σθενέλας | Σθενέλαος | PROPN | Nomsg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 γίνεται | nsubj | medium | Proper name form is morphologically ambiguous in isolation; construed as nominative subject. |
| 4 | γίνεται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3spie | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 20 ἔπαυσεν | parataxis | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 γίνεται | punct | high | |
| 6 | Δαναὸς | Δαναός | PROPN | Nsm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἔπαυσεν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 20 ἔπαυσεν | cc | high | Elided form. |
| 8 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | Prep | _ | 9 Αἰγύπτου | case | high | Elided form. |
| 9 | Αἰγύπτου | Αἴγυπτος | PROPN | Gsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 πλεύσας | obl | high | |
| 10 | πλεύσας | πλέω | VERB | Vpam-sna | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ἔπαυσεν | advcl | high | Aorist active participle agreeing with Δαναός. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | _ | 12 Γελάνορα | case | high | With accusative, directional/hostile goal. |
| 12 | Γελάνορα | Γελάνωρ | PROPN | Nasm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἔπαυσεν | obl | high | |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | DASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Σθενέλα | det | high | |
| 14 | Σθενέλα | Σθενέλαος | PROPN | As-m | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἔπαυσεν | obl | high | Appositional accusative identifying Γελάνωρ. |
| 15 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Dapm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀπογόνους | det | high | |
| 16 | ἀπογόνους | ἀπόγονος | NOUN | Napm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἔπαυσεν | obj | high | Object of ἔπαυσεν; article and following genitive specify the descendants. |
| 17 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Dapm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀπογόνους | det | high | Resumptive article introducing the genitive-dependent identifying phrase. |
| 18 | Ἀγήνορος | Ἀγήνωρ | PROPN | Gsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀπογόνους | nmod | high | |
| 19 | βασιλείας | βασιλεία | NOUN | Ngsf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἔπαυσεν | obl | medium | Genitive of separation/cessation with ἔπαυσεν, coordinated semantically with the descendant object phrase. |
| 20 | ἔπαυσεν | παύω | VERB | V3saa | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἔπαυσεν | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ τούτου καὶ οἱ πάντες ὁμοίως ἴσασι, θυγατέρων τῶν Δαναοῦ τὸ ἐς τοὺς ἀνεψιοὺς τόλμημα καὶ ὡς ἀποθανόντος Δαναοῦ τὴν ἀρχὴν Λυγκεὺς ἔσχεν.
The sentence coordinates the known facts as the object of ἴσασι: the daughters’ daring deed toward their cousins and, in a ὡς-clause, Lynceus’s accession after Danaus’s death.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--NPA-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἴσασι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἴσασι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 τούτου | case | high | |
| 4 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἴσασι | obl | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 πάντες | cc | high | |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πάντες | det | high | |
| 7 | πάντες | πᾶς | PRON | A--NPM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἴσασι | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 8 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 ἴσασι | advmod | high | |
| 9 | ἴσασι | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect form with present meaning. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἴσασι | punct | high | |
| 11 | θυγατέρων | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-GPF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 τόλμημα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on τὸ τόλμημα. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 θυγατέρων | det | high | |
| 13 | Δαναοῦ | Δαναός | PROPN | N-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 τῶν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent within the phrase τῶν θυγατέρων. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T--NSA-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 τόλμημα | det | high | Article substantivizing the neuter noun. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 ἀνεψιοὺς | case | high | |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀνεψιοὺς | det | high | |
| 17 | ἀνεψιοὺς | ἀνεψιός | NOUN | N-APM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 τόλμημα | obl | high | |
| 18 | τόλμημα | τόλμημα | NOUN | N-NSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἴσασι | obj | medium | Content/object of ἴσασι; article-noun phrase. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 ἔσχεν | cc | high | |
| 20 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 ἔσχεν | mark | high | Introduces an indirect-content clause. |
| 21 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-P・GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 ἔσχεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 22 | Δαναοῦ | Δαναός | PROPN | N-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀποθανόντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 23 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 24 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἔσχεν | obj | high | |
| 25 | Λυγκεὺς | Λυγκεύς | PROPN | N-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 26 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ἴσασι | conj | high | |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἴσασι | punct | high |