Grammar parses for passage 2.16.3
Open translation for this passage
καὶ Ἀκρισίῳ μὲν ἡ πρόρρησις τοῦ θεοῦ τέλος ἔσχεν, οὐδὲ ἀπέτρεψέν οἱ τὸ χρεὼν τὰ ἐς τὴν παῖδα καὶ τὸν θυγατριδοῦν παρευρήματα·
The first clause has Ἀκρισίῳ as a dative of reference and πρόρρησις as subject of ἔσχεν; in the second, οἱ is dative with ἀπέτρεψεν, χρεών is the neuter substantive ‘necessity,’ and τὰ παρευρήματα is the object of the implied/expressed prevention, with ἐς-phrases specifying their targets. The syntax of τὸ χρεών and the final accusative phrase is somewhat compressed; analyses of χρεών as an accusative object/complement are uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 9 ἔσχεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | Ἀκρισίῳ | Ἀκρίσιος | PROPN | Ne-sd-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πρόρρησις | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/affected person. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G---- | _ | 5 πρόρρησις | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πρόρρησις | det | high | |
| 5 | πρόρρησις | πρόρρησις | NOUN | N-S---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 7 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-S---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πρόρρησις | nmod | high | |
| 8 | τέλος | τέλος | NOUN | N-S---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἔσχεν | obj | medium | Predicative/complementary accusative-like expression with ἔχω (‘have an end’); formally nominative/neuter. |
| 9 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔσχεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἀπέτρεψέν | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἀπέτρεψέν | ἀποτρέπω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 9 ἔσχεν | conj | high | |
| 13 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | Pp3-sd-- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 12 ἀπέτρεψέν | iobj | high | Dative pronoun; form is homographic with the article. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-s---nn- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 χρεὼν | det | medium | Article substantivizing χρεών. |
| 15 | χρεὼν | χρεών | NOUN | N-S---nn- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἀπέτρεψέν | obj | low | Defective impersonal noun/adjectival form; case and syntactic role are uncertain in this compressed construction. |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 παρευρήματα | det | high | |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 παῖδα | case | high | |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 παῖδα | det | high | |
| 19 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-S---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 παρευρήματα | nmod | medium | Object of ἐς; phrase specifies the target of the devices. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 22 θυγατριδοῦν | cc | high | |
| 21 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 θυγατριδοῦν | det | high | |
| 22 | θυγατριδοῦν | θυγατριδοῦς | NOUN | N-S---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 παρευρήματα | nmod | medium | Accusative object of the second ἐς, coordinated with παῖδα; lexical form is rare. |
| 23 | παρευρήματα | παρευρίσκω | NOUN | N-P---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἀπέτρεψέν | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘devices/evasions’; τὰ is its article. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀπέτρεψέν | punct | high |
Περσεὺς δὲ ὡς ἀνέστρεψεν ἐς Ἄργος---ᾐσχύνετο γὰρ τοῦ φόνου τῇ φήμῃ---, Μεγαπένθην τὸν Προίτου πείθει οἱ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀντιδοῦναι, παραλαβὼν δὲ αὐτὸς τὴν ἐκείνου Μυκήνας κτίζει.
The sentence has two coordinated finite predicates, πείθει and κτίζει, with a temporal ὡς-clause and a parenthetical γάρ-clause. The pronoun οἱ belongs semantically to the infinitival exchange construction, while αὐτός is an intensive subject of the participial/main-clause sequence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Περσεὺς | Περσεύς | PROPN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀνέστρεψεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 πείθει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἀνέστρεψεν | mark | high | Temporal clause marker. |
| 4 | ἀνέστρεψεν | ἀναστρέφω | VERB | V--AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 23 πείθει | advcl | high | Aorist indicative in temporal ὡς-clause. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Ἄργος | case | high | Variant form ἐς. |
| 6 | Ἄργος | Ἄργος | PROPN | N--SAN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἀνέστρεψεν | obl | high | |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ᾐσχύνετο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ᾐσχύνετο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ᾐσχύνετο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 10 | ᾐσχύνετο | αἰσχύνομαι | VERB | V--IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 23 πείθει | parataxis | high | Parenthetical explanatory clause. |
| 11 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ᾐσχύνετο | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory connective. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSNN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 φόνου | det | high | |
| 13 | φόνου | φόνος | NOUN | N-GSMN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ᾐσχύνετο | obl | high | Genitive with αἰσχύνομαι. |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSFN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 φήμῃ | det | high | |
| 15 | φήμῃ | φήμη | NOUN | N-DSFN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ᾐσχύνετο | obl | medium | Dative of cause/point of view: 'in reputation/rumor'. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ᾐσχύνετο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ᾐσχύνετο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ᾐσχύνετο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 πείθει | punct | high | |
| 20 | Μεγαπένθην | Μεγαπένθης | PROPN | N--SAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 πείθει | obj | high | |
| 21 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-SAMN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Μεγαπένθην | det | high | |
| 22 | Προίτου | Προῖτος | PROPN | N-GSMN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Μεγαπένθην | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive dependent. |
| 23 | πείθει | πείθω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 24 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P--DSM-3- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 27 ἀντιδοῦναι | iobj | medium | Form is datival personal pronoun, 'to him'; some analyses may attach it to πείθει. |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-SAFN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 26 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N--SAF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀντιδοῦναι | obj | high | Subject of the complementary infinitive in accusative-plus-infinitive construction. |
| 27 | ἀντιδοῦναι | ἀντιδίδωμι | VERB | V--AAN- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 23 πείθει | xcomp | high | Complementary aorist infinitive. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 παραλαβὼν | punct | high | |
| 29 | παραλαβὼν | παραλαμβάνω | VERB | V--AAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 35 κτίζει | advcl | high | Aorist participial clause, subject controlled by Περσεύς. |
| 30 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 35 κτίζει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 31 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-SNM-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 29 παραλαβὼν | nsubj | medium | Intensive pronoun, co-referential with Perseus; may attach to κτίζει as subject. |
| 32 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-SAFN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 Μυκήνας | det | high | |
| 33 | ἐκείνου | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P-GSM-S-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 34 Μυκήνας | nmod | high | Possessive genitive, 'his'. |
| 34 | Μυκήνας | Μυκήναι | PROPN | N--PAF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 35 κτίζει | obj | high | |
| 35 | κτίζει | κτίζω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second coordinated main predicate; πείθει is coordinated/shared narrative predicate, while δέ marks the transition. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 κτίζει | punct | high |
τοῦ ξίφους γὰρ ἐνταῦθα ἐξέπεσεν ὁ μύκης αὐτῷ, καὶ τὸ σημεῖον ἐς οἰκισμὸν ἐνόμιζε συμβῆναι πόλεως.
The first clause has ὁ μύκης as subject of ἐξέπεσεν, with αὐτῷ as a dative of possession/reference; in the second, τὸ σημεῖον is subject of ἐνόμιζε and the infinitival clause συμβῆναι πόλεως is its complement, with πόλεως a genitive dependent on οἰκισμὸν (or an elliptical genitive relation to the settlement).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-d---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ξίφους | det | high | |
| 2 | ξίφους | ξίφος | NOUN | N-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐξέπεσεν | obl | high | Genitive of separation/source with ἐξέπεσεν. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἐξέπεσεν | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 ἐξέπεσεν | advmod | high | |
| 5 | ἐξέπεσεν | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-n---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 μύκης | det | high | |
| 7 | μύκης | μύκης | NOUN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐξέπεσεν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐξέπεσεν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference, likely ‘for him’. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐξέπεσεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἐνόμιζε | cc | high | |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-n---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 σημεῖον | det | high | |
| 12 | σημεῖον | σημεῖον | NOUN | N-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐνόμιζε | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 οἰκισμὸν | case | high | |
| 14 | οἰκισμὸν | οἰκισμός | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 συμβῆναι | obl | high | Goal/purpose complement of συμβῆναι. |
| 15 | ἐνόμιζε | νομίζω | VERB | V3SIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 5 ἐξέπεσεν | conj | high | |
| 16 | συμβῆναι | συμβαίνω | VERB | V--AAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 ἐνόμιζε | xcomp | high | Accusative subject is not overt; τὸ σημεῖον is interpreted as the understood subject. |
| 17 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 οἰκισμὸν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on οἰκισμὸν; exact semantic relation is somewhat elliptical. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐξέπεσεν | punct | high |
ἤκουσα δὲ καὶ ὡς διψῶντι ἐπῆλθεν ἀνελέσθαι οἱ μύκητα ἐκ τῆς γῆς, ῥυέντος δὲ ὕδατος πιὼν καὶ ἡσθεὶς Μυκήνας ἔθετο τὸ ὄνομα τῷ χωρίῳ.
The first ὡς-clause is a content clause dependent on ἤκουσα; ῥυέντος ὕδατος is a genitive absolute, followed by coordinated nominative participles modifying the understood subject of ἔθετο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἤκουσα | ἀκούω | VERB | V-AIA-1S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=1|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἤκουσα | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ὡς | cc | high | |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐπῆλθεν | mark | high | Introduces the content clause. |
| 5 | διψῶντι | διψάω | VERB | V-PAP-DMS | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Singular|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 6 ἐπῆλθεν | advcl | medium | Dative circumstantial participle, likely referring to the understood subject. |
| 6 | ἐπῆλθεν | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 1 ἤκουσα | ccomp | high | |
| 7 | ἀνελέσθαι | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-2AMN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 6 ἐπῆλθεν | xcomp | high | |
| 8 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular|PronType=Prs | 7 ἀνελέσθαι | iobj | medium | Enclitic/dative pronoun, beneficiary or possessor with the infinitive. |
| 9 | μύκητα | μύκης | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 7 ἀνελέσθαι | obj | high | |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 γῆς | case | high | |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Genitive|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 12 γῆς | det | high | |
| 12 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 7 ἀνελέσθαι | obl | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπῆλθεν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ῥυέντος | ῥέω | VERB | V-APP-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 16 ὕδατος | amod | high | Genitive absolute participle agreeing with ὕδατος. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ἔθετο | cc | high | |
| 16 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 17 πιὼν | obl | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 17 | πιὼν | πίνω | VERB | V-2AAP-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 21 ἔθετο | advcl | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἡσθεὶς | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἡσθεὶς | ἥδομαι | VERB | V-APP-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 17 πιὼν | conj | high | |
| 20 | Μυκήνας | Μυκήνη | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 21 ἔθετο | obj | high | Predicate object/name assigned by ἔθετο. |
| 21 | ἔθετο | τίθημι | VERB | V-2AMI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 1 ἤκουσα | conj | high | |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Accusative|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 23 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 23 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 21 ἔθετο | obj | high | |
| 24 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dative|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 25 χωρίῳ | det | high | |
| 25 | χωρίῳ | χωρίον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dative|Gender=Neut|Number=Singular | 21 ἔθετο | iobj | high | |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἤκουσα | punct | high |