Grammar parses for passage 2.16.4
Open translation for this passage
Ὅμηρος δὲ ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳ γυναικὸς Μυκήνης ἐν ἔπει τῷδε ἐμνήσθη Τυρώ τʼ Ἀλκμήνη τε ἐυστέφανός τε Μυκήνη. Hom. Od. unknown line
The Homeric quotation is syntactically elliptical: the names are treated as an enumerated object/complement of ἐμνήσθη, while the appended citation characters are metadata rather than sentence syntax.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐμνήσθη | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 10 ἐμνήσθη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Ὀδυσσείᾳ | case | high | |
| 4 | Ὀδυσσείᾳ | Ὀδύσσεια | PROPN | Nb----DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐμνήσθη | obl | high | Title/name of the work. |
| 5 | γυναικὸς | γυνή | NOUN | Nb----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Μυκήνης | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on Μυκήνης, likely ‘woman of Mycenae’. |
| 6 | Μυκήνης | Μυκήνη | PROPN | Nb----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔπει | nmod | medium | Genitive modifies ἔπει in the phrase γυναικὸς Μυκήνης, with elliptical/poetic syntax. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 ἔπει | case | high | |
| 8 | ἔπει | ἔπος | NOUN | Nb----DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐμνήσθη | obl | high | |
| 9 | τῷδε | ὅδε | DET | Pd----DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔπει | det | high | Demonstrative modifies ἔπει. |
| 10 | ἐμνήσθη | μιμνήσκω | VERB | V3SAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist passive, with active/intransitive ‘remembered/mentioned’ sense. |
| 11 | Τυρώ | Τυρώ | PROPN | Nb----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐμνήσθη | obj | medium | Name in the quoted Homeric enumeration; syntactic role is somewhat elliptical. |
| 12 | τʼ | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 11 Τυρώ | cc | high | Enclitic copulative conjunction. |
| 13 | Ἀλκμήνη | Ἀλκμήνη | PROPN | Nb----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Τυρώ | conj | medium | Coordinated name in the enumeration. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 13 Ἀλκμήνη | cc | high | Enclitic copulative conjunction. |
| 15 | ἐυστέφανός | εὐστέφανος | ADJ | A--NSF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Μυκήνη | amod | high | Epithet agreeing with Μυκήνη. |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 17 Μυκήνη | cc | high | Enclitic conjunction. |
| 17 | Μυκήνη | Μυκήνη | PROPN | Nb----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Τυρώ | conj | medium | Third coordinated item in the quoted enumeration; Μυκήνη is feminine nominative. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐμνήσθη | punct | high | |
| 19 | H | H | X | _ | _ | 0 ROOT | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment, not Greek syntax. |
| 20 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 19 H | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment. |
| 21 | m | m | X | _ | _ | 19 H | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 H | punct | high | Punctuation inside bibliographic metadata. |
| 23 | O | O | X | _ | _ | 19 H | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment. |
| 24 | d | d | X | _ | _ | 19 H | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 H | punct | high | Punctuation inside bibliographic metadata. |
| 26 | u | u | X | _ | _ | 19 H | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment. |
| 27 | n | n | X | _ | _ | 19 H | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment. |
| 28 | k | k | X | _ | _ | 19 H | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment. |
| 29 | n | n | X | _ | _ | 19 H | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment. |
| 30 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 19 H | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment. |
| 31 | w | w | X | _ | _ | 19 H | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment. |
| 32 | n | n | X | _ | _ | 19 H | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment. |
| 33 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 19 H | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment. |
| 34 | i | i | X | _ | _ | 19 H | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment. |
| 35 | n | n | X | _ | _ | 19 H | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment. |
| 36 | e | e | X | _ | _ | 19 H | dep | low | Bibliographic metadata fragment. |
ταύτην εἶναι θυγατέρα Ἰνάχου γυναῖκα δὲ Ἀρέστορος τὰ ἔπη λέγει, ἃ δὴ Ἕλληνες καλοῦσιν Ἠοίας μεγάλας· ἀπὸ ταύτης οὖν γεγονέναι καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τῇ πόλει φασίν.
The sentence contains two coordinated reported infinitival contents: εἶναι ... and ἀπὸ ταύτης ... γεγονέναι; φασίν is a parenthetical reporting verb, while λέγει governs the first report and the relative clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | PD-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 θυγατέρα | obj | high | |
| 2 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 λέγει | ccomp | high | Infinitive in reported content. |
| 3 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 εἶναι | xcomp | high | |
| 4 | Ἰνάχου | Ἰνάχος | PROPN | N-GM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 θυγατέρα | nmod | high | |
| 5 | γυναῖκα | γυνή | NOUN | N-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Second predicate accusative coordinated implicitly with θυγατέρα. |
| 6 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 10 λέγει | cc | high | |
| 7 | Ἀρέστορος | Ἀρέστωρ | PROPN | N-GM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 γυναῖκα | nmod | high | |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 ἔπη | det | high | |
| 9 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 λέγει | obj | high | |
| 10 | λέγει | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λέγει | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P-RAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 15 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun refers to ἔπη. |
| 13 | δὴ | δή | PART | D--------- | _ | 15 καλοῦσιν | advmod | high | |
| 14 | Ἕλληνες | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 καλοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 15 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 λέγει | acl:relcl | high | |
| 16 | Ἠοίας | Ἠοῖαι | PROPN | N-AF-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 καλοῦσιν | xcomp | medium | Title/name of the poetic work, formally an accusative predicate/name complement. |
| 17 | μεγάλας | μέγας | ADJ | A-AF-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 Ἠοίας | amod | high | |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λέγει | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 20 ταύτης | case | high | |
| 20 | ταύτης | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 22 γεγονέναι | obl | high | Genitive governed by ἀπό. |
| 21 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | D--------- | _ | 28 φασίν | advmod | high | |
| 22 | γεγονέναι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 28 φασίν | ccomp | high | Perfect infinitive in reported speech. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 25 ὄνομα | cc | high | |
| 24 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 25 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 γεγονέναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 26 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 πόλει | det | high | |
| 27 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N-DF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 γεγονέναι | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/association: the city's name. |
| 28 | φασίν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 λέγει | parataxis | high | Introduces a second reported claim. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λέγει | punct | high |
ὃν δὲ προσποιοῦσιν Ἀκουσιλάῳ λόγον, Μυκηνέα υἱὸν εἶναι Σπάρτωνος, Σπάρτωνα δὲ Φορωνέως, οὐκ ἂν ἔγωγε ἀποδεξαίμην, διότι μηδὲ αὐτοὶ Λακεδαιμόνιοι.
Relative clause with προσποιεῖν τινί τινα λόγον and an accusative-infinitive complement; the final διότι clause is elliptical, best understood as μηδὲ αὐτοὶ Λακεδαιμόνιοι [ἀποδέχονται/ἀποδέξαιντο].
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | R-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 λόγον | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of προσποιοῦσιν and antecedent of λόγον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 προσποιοῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | προσποιοῦσιν | προσποιέω | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 ἀποδεξαίμην | advcl | medium | Finite verb in the relative clause; construed with dative addressee and accusative λόγον. |
| 4 | Ἀκουσιλάῳ | Ἀκουσίλαος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 προσποιοῦσιν | iobj | high | |
| 5 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 προσποιοῦσιν | obj | high | Accusative object, with a following accusative-infinitive apposition/content clause. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 προσποιοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 7 | Μυκηνέα | Μυκηνεύς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 8 | υἱὸν | υἱός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 9 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 λόγον | ccomp | high | Accusative-infinitive complement of λόγον. |
| 10 | Σπάρτωνος | Σπάρτων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 υἱὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on υἱόν. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 12 | Σπάρτωνα | Σπάρτων | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 εἶναι | parataxis | medium | Resumptive/parenthetical accusative-infinitive subject, coordinated semantically with Μυκηνέα. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 Σπάρτωνα | cc | high | |
| 14 | Φορωνέως | Φορωνεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Σπάρτωνα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the elliptical predicate υἱόν. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 Σπάρτωνα | punct | high | |
| 16 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 19 ἀποδεξαίμην | advmod | high | |
| 17 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | D-------- | _ | 19 ἀποδεξαίμην | aux | high | Modal particle with the optative. |
| 18 | ἔγωγε | ἐγώ | PRON | RPNS-1S | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 19 ἀποδεξαίμην | nsubj | high | Emphatic first-person subject. |
| 19 | ἀποδεξαίμην | ἀποδέχομαι | VERB | V-OAM-1S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Potential optative with ἄν: 'I would not accept'. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἀποδεξαίμην | punct | high | |
| 21 | διότι | διότι | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | mark | medium | Introduces an elliptical explanatory clause. |
| 22 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | C-------- | Polarity=Neg | 24 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | cc | medium | Negative additive conjunction, 'nor/not even'. |
| 23 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | nsubj | high | Intensive pronoun modifying or emphasizing Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 24 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἀποδεξαίμην | advcl | low | Nominal elliptical clause under διότι; understood with omitted finite verb. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἀποδεξαίμην | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμονίοις γὰρ Σπάρτης μὲν γυναικὸς εἰκών ἐστιν ἐν Ἀμύκλαις, Σπάρτωνα δὲ Φορωνέως παῖδα θαυμάζοιεν ἂν καὶ ἀρχὴν ἀκούσαντες.
The first clause has a dative of interest/possession (Λακεδαιμονίοις) with εἰκών ἐστιν; the second clause has an optative with ἄν, with θαυμάζοιεν taking Σπάρτωνα Φορωνέως παῖδα as its object and ἀκούσαντες as a circumstantial participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | NOUN | A-DatP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 εἰκών | iobj | high | Dative of interest/possession with εἰκών ἐστιν. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 15 θαυμάζοιεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle; relation broadly discourse. |
| 3 | Σπάρτης | Σπάρτη | PROPN | Ne-G---S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 εἰκών | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on εἰκών: image of Sparta. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 εἰκών | cc | high | First member of μέν...δέ coordination. |
| 5 | γυναικὸς | γυνή | NOUN | A-G---S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 εἰκών | nmod | high | Genitive of material/description: an image in the form of a woman. |
| 6 | εἰκών | εἰκών | NOUN | A-N---S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Ἀμύκλαις | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀμύκλαις. |
| 9 | Ἀμύκλαις | Ἀμύκλαι | PROPN | Ne-D---P | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 εἰκών | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | Σπάρτωνα | Σπάρτων | PROPN | Ne-A---S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 θαυμάζοιεν | obj | high | Object of θαυμάζοιεν. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 15 θαυμάζοιεν | cc | high | Second member corresponding to μέν. |
| 13 | Φορωνέως | Φορωνεύς | PROPN | Ne-G---S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 παῖδα | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive: child of Phoroneus. |
| 14 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | A-A---S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Σπάρτωνα | appos | high | Apposition to Σπάρτωνα. |
| 15 | θαυμάζοιεν | θαυμάζω | VERB | V-POA-3P | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἐστιν | conj | high | Coordinated main predicate; potential optative with ἄν. |
| 16 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | G-------- | _ | 15 θαυμάζοιεν | aux | high | Modal particle with the optative. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἀκούσαντες | cc | high | Coordinates the participial adjunct with the preceding predicate. |
| 18 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | A-A---S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀκούσαντες | obj | medium | Accusative object of ἀκούσαντες, likely ‘the beginning/origin’; semantic construction is somewhat compressed. |
| 19 | ἀκούσαντες | ἀκούω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 θαυμάζοιεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, agreeing with the understood subject of θαυμάζοιεν. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high |