Grammar parses for passage 2.16.5
Open translation for this passage
Μυκήνας δὲ Ἀργεῖοι καθεῖλον ὑπὸ ζηλοτυπίας.
Simple transitive clause: Ἀργεῖοι is the subject, Μυκήνας the object of καθεῖλον, and ὑπό with the genitive expresses the motive/cause ('because of jealousy').
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μυκήνας | Μυκήνη | PROPN | N-AP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 καθεῖλον | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 καθεῖλον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective; UD relation often rendered discourse or cc. |
| 3 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N-NP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 καθεῖλον | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | καθεῖλον | καθαιρέω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active indicative, third plural. |
| 5 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P-------- | _ | 6 ζηλοτυπίας | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 6 | ζηλοτυπίας | ζηλοτυπία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 καθεῖλον | obl | high | Genitive of cause/motive with ὑπό. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 καθεῖλον | punct | high |
ἡσυχαζόντων γὰρ τῶν Ἀργείων κατὰ τὴν ἐπιστρατείαν τοῦ Μήδου, Μυκηναῖοι πέμπουσιν ἐς Θερμοπύλας ὀγδοήκοντα ἄνδρας, οἳ Λακεδαιμονίοις μετέσχον τοῦ ἔργου·
Genitive absolute ἡσυχαζόντων τῶν Ἀργείων sets the temporal background; Μυκηναῖοι is the main subject, with οἳ introducing a relative clause whose subject is the sent men (understood from ὀγδοήκοντα ἄνδρας).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡσυχαζόντων | ἡσυχάζω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 πέμπουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 πέμπουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Ἀργείων | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἡσυχαζόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 5 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 7 ἐπιστρατείαν | case | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπιστρατείαν | det | high | |
| 7 | ἐπιστρατείαν | ἐπιστρατεία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἡσυχαζόντων | obl | high | Temporal accusative with κατά. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Μήδου | det | high | |
| 9 | Μήδου | Μῆδος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπιστρατείαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐπιστρατείαν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 πέμπουσιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | Μυκηναῖοι | Μυκηναῖος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 πέμπουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | πέμπουσιν | πέμπω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 14 Θερμοπύλας | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 14 | Θερμοπύλας | Θερμοπύλαι | PROPN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 πέμπουσιν | obl | high | Goal of sending. |
| 15 | ὀγδοήκοντα | ὀγδοήκοντα | NUM | A-NUI | NumType=Card | 16 ἄνδρας | nummod | high | indeclinable cardinal numeral. |
| 16 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 πέμπουσιν | obj | high | Accusative object of πέμπουσιν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 οἳ | punct | high | |
| 18 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | R-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 20 μετέσχον | nsubj | medium | Relative subject; semantically refers to the sent men, though formally agrees with ἄνδρας only in gender/number. |
| 19 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 μετέσχον | iobj | high | |
| 20 | μετέσχον | μετέχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 πέμπουσιν | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate. |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἔργου | det | high | |
| 22 | ἔργου | ἔργον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 μετέσχον | obl | high | Genitive complement of μετέσχον. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 πέμπουσιν | punct | high |
τοῦτο ἤνεγκεν ὄλεθρόν σφισι τὸ φιλοτίμημα παροξῦναν Ἀργείους.
τοῦτο is the neuter subject of ἤνεγκεν; τὸ φιλοτίμημα is a participial/resultative accusative phrase with παροξῦναν agreeing with φιλοτίμημα and Ἀργείους as its object; σφισι is a dative of affected persons. The attachment of the accusative phrase is syntactically somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PDN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ἤνεγκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | ἤνεγκεν | φέρω | VERB | V--AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist of φέρω with suppletive stem ἠνεγκ-. |
| 3 | ὄλεθρόν | ὄλεθρος | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ἤνεγκεν | obj | high | |
| 4 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | RP---D3P- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 2 ἤνεγκεν | iobj | high | Epic/Koine third-person plural dative. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 φιλοτίμημα | det | high | |
| 6 | φιλοτίμημα | φιλοτίμημα | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ἤνεγκεν | nsubj | medium | Nominal subject of παροξῦναν in an accusative/resultative construction; syntactic attachment to the main clause is compressed. |
| 7 | παροξῦναν | παροξύνω | VERB | V--AAPNSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 φιλοτίμημα | acl | medium | Participial form agrees with φιλοτίμημα; semantically ‘having provoked/exasperated’. |
| 8 | Ἀργείους | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 παροξῦναν | obj | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, object of παροξῦναν. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἤνεγκεν | punct | high |
λείπεται δὲ ὅμως ἔτι καὶ ἄλλα τοῦ περιβόλου καὶ ἡ πύλη, λέοντες δὲ ἐφεστήκασιν αὐτῇ·
λείπεται is an impersonal/passive-form predicate with neuter plural ἄλλα as its syntactic subject; ἡ πύλη is coordinated as an additional subject. ἐφεστήκασιν governs λέοντες, with αὐτῇ as a dative locative/association complement referring to the gate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λείπεται | λείπω | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Present middle/passive form, apparently impersonal; semantically ‘remains/is left’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λείπεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 λείπεται | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 λείπεται | advmod | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἄλλα | cc | high | Coordinates ἄλλα with the following ἡ πύλη. |
| 6 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 1 λείπεται | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter plural adjective. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 8 περιβόλου | det | high | |
| 8 | περιβόλου | περίβολος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 6 ἄλλα | nmod | high | Partitive genitive: ‘other [parts] of the enclosure’. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 πύλη | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 11 πύλη | det | high | |
| 11 | πύλη | πύλη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 λείπεται | conj | high | Coordinated additional subject/predicate argument with ἄλλα. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λείπεται | punct | high | |
| 13 | λέοντες | λέων | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 15 ἐφεστήκασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἐφεστήκασιν | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἐφεστήκασιν | ἐφίστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 1 λείπεται | conj | high | Perfect active, ‘are standing/stationed’; coordinated predicate after the comma. |
| 16 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|Person=3 | 15 ἐφεστήκασιν | obl | medium | Dative of place/association, referring to ἡ πύλη: ‘at/on it’. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λείπεται | punct | high |
Κυκλώπων δὲ καὶ ταῦτα ἔργα εἶναι λέγουσιν, οἳ Προίτῳ τὸ τεῖχος ἐποίησαν ἐν Τίρυνθι.
The genitive Κυκλώπων is a genitive of attribution/source with ἔργα; ταῦτα is the accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι in an indirect statement governed by λέγουσιν. The relative οἳ refers to Κυκλώπων and has Προίτῳ as a dative complement of ἐποίησαν; Τίρυνθι is locative dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κυκλώπων | Κύκλωψ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἔργα | nmod | high | Genitive of attribution/source modifying ἔργα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 λέγουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ταῦτα | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’. |
| 4 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἔργα | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι; demonstrative pronoun. |
| 5 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N-NAN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with εἶναι; nominative/accusative syncretism. |
| 6 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 7 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite matrix verb. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | RR-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐποίησαν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Κυκλώπων. |
| 10 | Προίτῳ | Προῖτος | PROPN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐποίησαν | iobj | high | Dative complement/recipient with ἐποίησαν. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 τεῖχος | det | high | |
| 12 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐποίησαν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐποίησαν. |
| 13 | ἐποίησαν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 λέγουσιν | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 15 Τίρυνθι | case | high | |
| 15 | Τίρυνθι | Τίρυνς | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐποίησαν | obl | high | Locative dative after ἐν. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λέγουσιν | punct | high |