Grammar parses for passage 2.17.4
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα τῆς Ἥρας ἐπὶ θρόνου κάθηται μεγέθει μέγα, χρυσοῦ μὲν καὶ ἐλέφαντος, Πολυκλείτου δὲ ἔργον·
The clause is headed by κάθηται; the post-comma material is an elliptical nominal apposition/predicate describing the statue's materials and authorship.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἄγαλμα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 κάθηται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 κάθηται | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ἥρας | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἥρας | Ἥρα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα. |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 7 θρόνου | case | high | |
| 7 | θρόνου | θρόνος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 κάθηται | obl | high | Genitive with ἐπί, indicating position. |
| 8 | κάθηται | κάθημαι | VERB | V-PNI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 μέγα | obl | medium | Dative of respect/measure with μέγα. |
| 10 | μέγα | μέγας | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἄγαλμα | amod | medium | Predicative/qualifying adjective agreeing with ἄγαλμα; μέγεθει μέγα expresses great in size. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κάθηται | punct | high | |
| 12 | χρυσοῦ | χρυσός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἔργον | nmod | medium | Partitive/material genitive in an elliptical continuation. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 12 χρυσοῦ | discourse | high | Correlative μέν anticipating δέ. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἐλέφαντος | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἐλέφαντος | ἐλέφας | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 χρυσοῦ | conj | high | Coordinated material genitive. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἔργον | punct | high | |
| 17 | Πολυκλείτου | Πολύκλειτος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἔργον | nmod | high | Possessive/authorial genitive, 'of Polyclitus'. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἔργον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 19 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 κάθηται | conj | medium | Elliptical nominal predicate/continuation: 'a work of Polyclitus'. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κάθηται | punct | high |
ἔπεστι δέ οἱ στέφανος Χάριτας ἔχων καὶ Ὥρας ἐπειργασμένας, καὶ τῶν χειρῶν τῇ μὲν καρπὸν φέρει ῥοιᾶς, τῇ δὲ σκῆπτρον.
The participle ἐπειργασμένας is coordinated with ἔχων in the crown description; τῇ μὲν ... τῇ δὲ ... is an elliptical contrast referring to the two hands.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔπεστι | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔπεστι | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-D3MS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 1 ἔπεστι | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference; orthographic form is homonymous with article. |
| 4 | στέφανος | στέφανος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔπεστι | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | Χάριτας | Χάρις | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἔχων | obj | medium | The Charites are personified proper names; plural accusative. |
| 6 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 στέφανος | acl | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐπειργασμένας | cc | high | |
| 8 | Ὥρας | Ὥρα | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἐπειργασμένας | obj | medium | The Horae are personified proper names; plural accusative. |
| 9 | ἐπειργασμένας | ἐπεργάζομαι | VERB | V-RMP-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 6 ἔχων | conj | medium | Perfect passive participle, coordinated semantically with ἔχων; understood object/description of the crown. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 φέρει | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 φέρει | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause with the preceding description. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 χειρῶν | det | high | |
| 13 | χειρῶν | χείρ | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 καρπὸν | nmod | high | Partitive/possessive genitive with καρπόν and σκῆπτρον. |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 καρπὸν | det | high | Correlative article, elliptical for one hand. |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 14 τῇ | discourse | high | |
| 16 | καρπὸν | καρπός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 φέρει | obj | high | |
| 17 | φέρει | φέρω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἔπεστι | conj | high | Subject is στέφανος; coordinates with ἔπεστι. |
| 18 | ῥοιᾶς | ῥοιά | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 καρπὸν | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the fruit. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 φέρει | punct | high | |
| 20 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 σκῆπτρον | det | high | Correlative article, elliptical for the other hand. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 τῇ | cc | high | |
| 22 | σκῆπτρον | σκῆπτρον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 φέρει | obj | high | |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔπεστι | punct | high |
τὰ μὲν οὖν ἐς τὴν ῥοιὰν---ἀπορρητότερος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ λόγος---ἀφείσθω μοι·
The parenthetical clause ἀπορρητότερος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ λόγος is attached paratactically to the imperative; τὰ ἐς τὴν ῥοιὰν is the topicalized object, with ἐς-phrase specifying its subject matter.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἀφείσθω | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural article/pronoun, object of ἀφείσθω. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 1 τὰ | advmod | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G--------- | _ | 18 ἀφείσθω | discourse | high | Inferential discourse particle. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ῥοιὰν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ῥοιὰν | det | high | |
| 6 | ῥοιὰν | ῥοιά | NOUN | N-ASFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 τὰ | nmod | high | Prepositional phrase modifying the omitted/referred subject matter τὰ. |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | - | _ | 10 ἀπορρητότερος | punct | high | Em dash represented as hyphen token. |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | - | _ | 10 ἀπορρητότερος | punct | high | Em dash represented as hyphen token. |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | - | _ | 10 ἀπορρητότερος | punct | high | Em dash represented as hyphen token. |
| 10 | ἀπορρητότερος | ἀπόρρητος | ADJ | A-NSM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with copular ἐστιν. |
| 11 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | G--------- | _ | 12 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 12 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἀφείσθω | parataxis | high | Copular clause parenthetically explaining λόγος. |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 λόγος | det | high | |
| 14 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of copular ἐστιν. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | - | _ | 12 ἐστιν | punct | high | Em dash represented as hyphen token. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | - | _ | 12 ἐστιν | punct | high | Em dash represented as hyphen token. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | - | _ | 12 ἐστιν | punct | high | Em dash represented as hyphen token. |
| 18 | ἀφείσθω | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-2PAD-3S | Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Third-person aorist passive imperative, ‘let ... be left aside.’ |
| 19 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1-SD | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 18 ἀφείσθω | iobj | high | Dative of interest/agentive reference with the imperative. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | U--------- | _ | 18 ἀφείσθω | punct | high |
κόκκυγα δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ σκήπτρῳ καθῆσθαί φασι λέγοντες τὸν Δία, ὅτε ἤρα παρθένου τῆς Ἥρας, ἐς τοῦτον τὸν ὄρνιθα ἀλλαγῆναι, τὴν δὲ ἅτε παίγνιον θηρᾶσαι.
Accusative κόκκυγα is the raised subject of the infinitive καθῆσθαι; φασι takes an accusative-and-infinitive construction, with λέγοντες introducing the explanatory content. The second infinitive ἀλλαγῆναι is coordinated in the reported clause, while τὴν refers to Ἥρα as the object of θηρᾶσαι; ἅτε is causal/comparative with παίγνιον predicative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κόκκυγα | κόκκυξ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 καθῆσθαί | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 7 φασι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 5 σκήπτρῳ | case | high | |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 σκήπτρῳ | det | high | |
| 5 | σκήπτρῳ | σκῆπτρον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 καθῆσθαί | obl | high | |
| 6 | καθῆσθαί | κάθημαι | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 7 φασι | ccomp | high | Infinitive of reported assertion; accent marks enclitic behavior. |
| 7 | φασι | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | λέγοντες | λέγω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 φασι | advcl | high | Present circumstantial participle, subject understood as the speakers. |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Δία | det | high | |
| 10 | Δία | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἀλλαγῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of ἀλλαγῆναι. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 λέγοντες | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | CS | _ | 13 ἤρα | mark | high | |
| 13 | ἤρα | ἐράω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 λέγοντες | advcl | high | Temporal clause under λέγοντες. |
| 14 | παρθένου | παρθένος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἤρα | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐράω. |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 Ἥρας | det | high | |
| 16 | Ἥρας | Ἥρα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 παρθένου | nmod | high | Appositional/genitive specification of παρθένου. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἤρα | punct | high | |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 21 ὄρνιθα | case | high | |
| 19 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | RD-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ὄρνιθα | det | high | Demonstrative determiner. |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ὄρνιθα | det | high | |
| 21 | ὄρνιθα | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἀλλαγῆναι | obl | high | Goal of transformation with εἰς. |
| 22 | ἀλλαγῆναι | ἀλλάσσω | VERB | V-APN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 8 λέγοντες | conj | high | Passive infinitive coordinated with καθῆσθαι; Δία is its accusative subject. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἀλλαγῆναι | punct | high | |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | PRON | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 θηρᾶσαι | obj | medium | Substantival article, referring to Ἥρα. |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 28 θηρᾶσαι | cc | high | |
| 26 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CS | _ | 28 θηρᾶσαι | mark | medium | Introduces a causal/characterizing phrase. |
| 27 | παίγνιον | παίγνιον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 θηρᾶσαι | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with θηρᾶσαι; gender mismatch may reflect lexicalized neuter characterization. |
| 28 | θηρᾶσαι | θηράω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 λέγοντες | conj | medium | Infinitive coordinated in the reported content; τὴν is its object. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 φασι | punct | high |
τοῦτον τὸν λόγον καὶ ὅσα ἐοικότα εἴρηται περὶ θεῶν οὐκ ἀποδεχόμενος γράφω, γράφω δὲ οὐδὲν ἧσσον.
The participle ἀποδεχόμενος is circumstantial with γράφω; ὅσα ἐοικότα εἴρηται is an object-like relative expression, with ἐοικότα agreeing with the understood neuter plural ὅσα and εἴρηται impersonal/passive in sense. The repeated γράφω is coordinated by δέ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | δαυτόν | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 λόγον | det | high | |
| 2 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | δαυτόν | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 λόγον | det | high | |
| 3 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 γράφω | obj | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 5 ὅσα | cc | high | |
| 5 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 12 γράφω | obj | medium | Relative substantive coordinated with λόγον; syntactically an object-like content expression. |
| 6 | ἐοικότα | ἔοικα | ADJ | xpppna- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 7 εἴρηται | xcomp | medium | Perfect form with adjectival morphology; agrees with neuter plural ὅσα. |
| 7 | εἴρηται | λέγω | VERB | x--srm-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 5 ὅσα | acl:relcl | medium | Form is perfect passive of λέγω; singular impersonal/passive construction with neuter plural content as subject is possible but syntactically marked. |
| 8 | περὶ | περί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 9 θεῶν | case | high | |
| 9 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἴρηται | obl | high | |
| 10 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | Polarity=Neg | 12 γράφω | advmod | high | |
| 11 | ἀποδεχόμενος | ἀποδέχομαι | VERB | v--pne--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 12 γράφω | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, coreferential with the writer-subject of γράφω. |
| 12 | γράφω | γράφω | VERB | v1spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 γράφω | punct | high | |
| 14 | γράφω | γράφω | VERB | v1spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 γράφω | conj | high | Repetition after the comma forms a coordinated/assertive continuation. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 14 γράφω | cc | high | |
| 16 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 17 ἧσσον | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative: ‘not at all/no less’. |
| 17 | ἧσσον | ἧσσον | ADV | d------- | Degree=Cmp | 14 γράφω | advmod | high | Comparative adverb in the fixed expression οὐδὲν ἧσσον. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 γράφω | punct | high |