Grammar parses for passage 2.18.6
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ ἐβασίλευσεν Ὀρέστης Λακεδαιμονίων ἐφέντων αὐτῷ·
The first Λακεδαιμονίων is a genitive topic/possessive dependent on ἐβασίλευσεν; the second is the genitive subject of the genitive absolute Λακεδαιμονίων ἐφέντων, with αὐτῷ as the dative object of ἐφέντων. The exact sense of ἐφέντων is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-G---MP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἐβασίλευσεν | obl | medium | Genitive ethnic name, likely topical/possessive with ἐβασίλευσεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἐβασίλευσεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐβασίλευσεν | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-AIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active indicative, third singular. |
| 4 | Ὀρέστης | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | N-----MS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐβασίλευσεν | nsubj | high | Personal name, nominative subject. |
| 5 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-G---MP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐφέντων | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 6 | ἐφέντων | ἐφίημι | VERB | V-AAP-GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 ἐβασίλευσεν | advcl | low | Genitive plural participle forming a genitive absolute; lemma and precise contextual sense are uncertain. |
| 7 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-----MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 6 ἐφέντων | iobj | medium | Dative pronoun, likely recipient/addressee with ἐφέντων. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐβασίλευσεν | punct | high |
τοὺς γὰρ Τυνδάρεω θυγατριδοῦς τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔχειν οὐκ ἠξίουν πρὸ Νικοστράτου καὶ Μεγαπένθους Μενελάῳ γεγενημένων ἐκ δούλης.
The core is an indirect-question/content construction: ἠξίουν τοὺς ... θυγατριδοῦς τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔχειν; γεγενημένων is treated as a participial modifier of the grandsons, though its genitive form creates syntactic ambiguity.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | article-ACC-MASC-PL | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 θυγατριδοῦς | det | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | particle | _ | 9 ἠξίουν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | Τυνδάρεω | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | name-GEN-MASC-SING | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 θυγατριδοῦς | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive relation: Tyndareus' grandsons. |
| 4 | θυγατριδοῦς | θυγατριδοῦς | NOUN | noun-ACC-MASC-PL | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἠξίουν | obj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive ἔχειν and object of ἠξίουν. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | article-ACC-FEM-SING | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 6 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | noun-ACC-FEM-SING | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔχειν | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | verb-PRES-ACT-INF | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἠξίουν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἠξίουν. |
| 8 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | particle | Polarity=Neg | 9 ἠξίουν | advmod | high | |
| 9 | ἠξίουν | ἀξιόω | VERB | verb-IMPF-ACT-IND-1SG | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect form is formally ambiguous in person; parsed as 1st singular from context. |
| 10 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | preposition-GEN | AdpType=Prep | 15 γεγενημένων | case | high | |
| 11 | Νικοστράτου | Νικόστρατος | PROPN | name-GEN-MASC-SING | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 γεγενημένων | obl | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | conjunction | _ | 13 Μεγαπένθους | cc | high | |
| 13 | Μεγαπένθους | Μεγαπένθης | PROPN | name-GEN-MASC-SING | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Νικοστράτου | conj | high | Conjoined with Νικοστράτου. |
| 14 | Μενελάῳ | Μενέλαος | PROPN | name-DAT-MASC-SING | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 γεγενημένων | obl | medium | Dative of agent/possessor with γεγενημένων: born to Menelaus. |
| 15 | γεγενημένων | γίγνομαι | VERB | verb-PERF-MP-PART-GEN-PL | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 θυγατριδοῦς | acl | medium | Genitive absolute-like participial modifier; its understood subject is the grandsons. |
| 16 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | preposition-GEN | AdpType=Prep | 17 δούλης | case | high | |
| 17 | δούλης | δοῦλη | NOUN | noun-GEN-FEM-SING | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 γεγενημένων | obl | high | Source/maternal origin with γεγενημένων. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἠξίουν | punct | high |
Ὀρέστου δὲ ἀποθανόντος ἔσχε Τισαμενὸς τὴν ἀρχήν, Ἑρμιόνης τῆς Μενελάου καὶ Ὀρέστου παῖς.
Genitive absolute Ὀρέστου ἀποθανόντος sets the temporal background; Τισαμενός is the subject of ἔσχε, with appositional identification παῖς and dependent genitives.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὀρέστου | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀποθανόντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | g-------- | _ | 4 ἔσχε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | v-sapagm- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἔσχε | advcl | high | Aorist participle in a genitive absolute. |
| 4 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate, ‘held/obtained’. |
| 5 | Τισαμενὸς | Τισαμενός | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἔσχε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔσχε. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀρχήν | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχήν. |
| 7 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἔσχε | obj | high | Direct object of ἔσχε. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔσχε | punct | high | |
| 9 | Ἑρμιόνης | Ἑρμιόνη | PROPN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 παῖς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on παῖς, indicating parentage. |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Ἑρμιόνης | det | high | Article modifying Ἑρμιόνης. |
| 11 | Μενελάου | Μενέλαος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ἑρμιόνης | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Ἑρμιόνης, identifying her as Menelaus’s daughter. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 13 Ὀρέστου | cc | high | Coordinates Ὀρέστου with the preceding genitive. |
| 13 | Ὀρέστου | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ἑρμιόνης | conj | high | Coordinated genitive dependent on παῖς; Orestes is the father. |
| 14 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Τισαμενὸς | appos | high | Apposition to Τισαμενός, specifying his parentage. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔσχε | punct | high |
τὸν δὲ Ὀρέστου νόθον Πενθίλον Κιναίθων ἔγραψεν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν Ἠριγόνην τὴν Αἰγίσθου τεκεῖν.
Κιναίθων is the subject of ἔγραψεν; Πενθίλον is the accusative object, with τὸν νόθον Ὀρέστου as its modifiers. The infinitive τεκεῖν is an accusative-and-infinitive complement dependent on ἔγραψεν, with Ἠριγόνην as its subject and τὴν Αἰγίσθου as its object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Πενθίλον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἔγραψεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ὀρέστου | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 νόθον | nmod | high | |
| 4 | νόθον | νόθος | ADJ | A-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Πενθίλον | amod | high | |
| 5 | Πενθίλον | Πενθίλος | PROPN | N-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἔγραψεν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἔγραψεν. |
| 6 | Κιναίθων | Κιναίθων | PROPN | N-SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἔγραψεν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἔγραψεν | γράφω | VERB | V-3AAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 ἔπεσιν | case | high | |
| 9 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἔπεσιν | det | high | |
| 10 | ἔπεσιν | ἔπος | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἔγραψεν | obl | high | Dative phrase ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν. |
| 11 | Ἠριγόνην | Ἠριγόνη | PROPN | N-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 τεκεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Αἰγίσθου | det | high | |
| 13 | Αἰγίσθου | Αἴγισθος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 τὴν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on the articular noun phrase; the understood noun is omitted (e.g. daughter/wife). |
| 14 | τεκεῖν | τίκτω | VERB | V-2AAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἔγραψεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἔγραψεν. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔγραψεν | punct | high |